Freud and Psychoanalysis

Jung's Collected Works #4

by C.G. Jung, Gerhard Adler (Editor)

This book gives the substance of Jung's published writings on Freud and psychoanalysis between 1906 and 1916, with two later papers. The book covers the period of the enthusiastic collaboration between the two pioneers of psychology through the years when Jung's growing appreciation of religious experience and his criticism of Freud's emphasis on pathology led, with other differences, to his formal break with his mentor.

Genres: Psychology, Philosophy, Nonfiction

392 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1961

About the author

Carl Gustav Jung (/jʊŋ/; German: [ˈkarl ˈɡʊstaf jʊŋ]), often referred to as C. G. Jung, was a Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology. Jung proposed and developed the concepts of extraversion and introversion; archetypes, and the collective unconscious. His work has been influential in psychiatry and in the study of religion, philosophy, archeology, anthropology, literature, and related fields. He was a prolific writer, many of whose works were not published until after his death.

The central concept of analytical psychology is individuation—the psychological process of integrating the opposites, including the conscious with the unconscious, while still maintaining their relative autonomy. Jung considered individuation to be the central process of human development.

Jung created some of the best known psychological concepts, including the archetype, the collective unconscious, the complex, and synchronicity. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), a popular psychometric instrument, has been developed from Jung's theory of psychological types.

Though he was a practising clinician and considered himself to be a scientist, much of his life's work was spent exploring tangential areas such as Eastern and Western philosophy, alchemy, astrology, and sociology, as well as literature and the arts. Jung's interest in philosophy and the occult led many to view him as a mystic, although his ambition was to be seen as a man of science. His influence on popular psychology, the "psychologization of religion", spirituality and the New Age movement has been immense.

Reviews

[Eleutheria A.cl · Rating 4 out of 5]

Ok...why the heck you two break up? This book is more likely a summed up collection to answer this question from a lot of aspects, even details.
Infantile sexuality is one thing, sexuality as solo drive of every problem is another, and attitude to religion is a bonus bombing. I think, basically, isn't it type problem? He questions himself as well, "what is truth?", it is both what one observes and what one expresses, both of which are subjective in fact (according to Kant), despite of the fact that the subjective elements are just one piece that included in the tremendous objective nature. Yeah, he is really tricky by firstly defining his understanding of the term of "truth" which exempted him from being criticized as "subjective" because truth in fact is more or less subjective itself.
Jung believes the perspective and method of Freud does nothing more than "paddling about in this flooded country". Jung also believes he "prefers to look at man in the light of what in him is healthy and sound, and to free the sick man from just that kind of psychology which colors every page Freud has written", by "that kind of psychology" is what Freud asserts to have no way out and be even a germ of the birth of individuality (see in the discussion on incest prohibition his book Totem and Taboo).
Damming up of libido, stagnation of life, psychic conflicts and neurosis, there are fixation on infantile issues or family romance/parents complex, sexuality and will to power, instincts and spirits, though both of latter whose nature remain hidden, those pair of opposites are always in conflicts, forcing life into eternal chaos.
Therefore, he takes advantage of chaos, because chaos is also an sign of liveness and change. He believes things can change and must change, because nothing is out there without dynamics, even the change to the is not permanent and will relapse, the change is still there, the canal of libido must be opened, because life must be lived, balance must be achieved, order must born and obeyed, that part is also human nature as well (It can be explained and proved by his method, he follows the patient's fantasy instead of terminating it, which in some cases, may seem to worsen the symptom at early stages of treatment).
I don't know, he reminds me of Sisyphus in some degree.

===
and that "The Significance of the Father in the Destiny of the Individual" is rather awesome, as a person with not so good childhood family memories and still find myself hard to forgive one of my parents, I recommend anyone who has the same problem just read it. It helps :)

[Shaun Phelps · Rating 5 out of 5]

Volume 4 of Jung's collected works marks the beginning of Jung vs the world, I think. The first half is spent in defense of Freud and the clarification and exploration of Freud's ideas, and the last half is spent exploring new territory, separating from and defending against Freud. I appreciate this volume for further clarification on the value of psychoanalysis and also for clarification on Jung's ideas as he steps beyond. How exciting.

[Y · Rating 5 out of 5]

A kind of unique addition to Jung’s collected works. The other three volumes I’ve read were focused on area of study or specific disease, whereas this collection of writings is really the evolution of Jung’s thought and relationship with Freud’s field of psychoanalysis.

Early in Jung’s career, he was a proponent and defender of Freud and psychoanalysis. There are several essays where Jung does a good job explaining Freud’s theories and methodology, including his views on dreams, the unconscious, libido, sexuality, and neurosis/hysteria. Jung even rebuts against those critical of psychoanalysis, which mostly centered on Freud’s view of human sexuality and development.

Later is Jung’s career, he started to diverge from Freud. His writings start talking about a “Zurich school” of psychoanalysis (Jung’s views) and a “Vienna school” (Freud’s views). One can see Jung trying to differentiate himself while not breaking completely with Freud. This compromise position did not work, and his sharp break with Freud is quite well known and had a huge impact on Jung.

Jung’s disagreements with Freud touched almost every main topic of psychoanalysis, mostly stemming from his teleological view of the psyche versus Freud’s reductionist view. Freud felt sexual drives as the sole force (libido) of the psyche. Jung viewed the sexual drive as one of many forces (libido). Jung viewed dreams as sometimes having a subjective character, with the unconscious communicating information to the ego. Freud viewed them as encrypted (sexual) wish fulfillments. Jung’s theory of the collective unconscious and the value of myths was also an innovation that Freud could not agree with.

The list continues, but Jung saw Freud as really revealing himself in his theories, implying Freud’s theories centered on sex due to Freud’s idiosyncratic psyche being centered on sex. He says the same thing about Adler’s (one of Freud’s proteges) theories focusing on power. This very thinly veiled attack on Freud was some entertaining psychological smack talk.

Jung gives due credit to Freud while disagreeing with him. He also admits that, as having his own personal psyche, his theories would also be tinged with his own personality. One can see the enormous debt Jung owed to Freud when it comes to his own theories. Jung tweaked and built up on the foundation laid down by Freud.

[Amela Sandra]

The book is a translation of the collected literary works of C.G. Jung.
The book features a debate between that of Freud’s analysis versus Jung’s.
Jung also mentions Breuer several times in this unified text-book.
There are several chapters with examples of hysteria and the libido of in dementia-praecox in which Jung discusses his publication Wanglungen und Symbole der Libido (pg 119, The Theory of Psychoanalysis).

My favorite sentence in arguing on Freud’s theory of the libido is
“There is no need for me to repeat here the reasons which compelled me to postural a presexual stage. The caterpillar stage possess an alimentary libido but no sexual libido; we have to put it like that if we want to retain the energies view which the libido theory offers us. I think there is nothing for it but to abandon the sexual definition of libido or we shall lose what is valuable in the libido theory, namely, the energic point of view.” (Paragraph 269, pg. 118).
That is because there is an ongoing taboo on human sexuality, even more so during the time of the two fathers of psychoanalysis.

There is also mention of the parental influences on children beginning at paragraph 307 then the chapter ‘theory of psychoanalysis’ delves into sensitivity, regression, etc… sort of what we would consider in psychology present day as a part of personality and family history. There is also a case about a ‘neurotic’ child and then the book goes into Part III.

There is a mention of the term traumata in which he further describes as what we also use today, trauma. On page 258, paragraph 582, “though traumata of clearly aerological significance occasionally present, the majority of them appeared very probable… regarded as pretex for neurosis…(paragraph 583, pg 259) discover the causes and direct rational solution of the conflict. For me this meant psychoanalysis.”
In Part III, CG Jung offers a note (paragraph 588, pg. 589), from his colleague, Dr. Loy.



Have a lovely reading session.
And remember, do not plagiarize, if Carl Gustav Jung is difficult for you to understand there are several hundreds of other theorists to look into. I am currently taking an interest in the work of Emil Kraepelin.

[Kirk Johnson · Rating 5 out of 5]

How do you rate a book like this? It tracks Jung's thoughts as related to Freud - and so unavoidably the first half is often excruciating, or tiresome, if you have grown tired of Freud. But then the seeds of the breakaway are planted, and by the end Jung is writing glorious passages that express his own natural thoughts. It's quite a journey. A highlight is one of the last essays - 'The Father in the Destiny of the Individual' in which you can see the early version of the essay as contrasted to the later version from decades later.

So if you're going to read one book by Jung, this is definitely not it...but as a record of a journey, it's pretty amazing.

[Edmond · Rating 5 out of 5]

Jung answers a lot of questions about life. After reading Jung, he answered why an atheist does not believe in God. All of it goes back to an atheist relationship with his father. I can say Jung changed my life.

[Kaelen Kinnaman · Rating 5 out of 5]

Somewhere in here, Jung relates a dream of his. Freud had dug into the basement of a houst. Jung proceeds to come down and shovel deeper.

I think it's a book that a reader of Jung should prioritize reading relatively early in their march through his work

[Gediminas Tumėnas · Rating 2 out of 5]

Tas etapas, kai Jungo lūpomis vis dar kalba Froidas ir keli raštai, žymintys bambagyslės nukirpimą.

[Erik Graff · Rating 4 out of 5]

This volume of Jung's Collected Works may be profitably read with the Freud/Jung Letters, also published by Princeton University.

Jung, the son of a pastor, the author of a dissertation about what now would be classed under the ESP rubric, had already, long before he met the elder Freud, been fascinated by religion and the occult. He had also conducted serious research--the word association experiments--which lent empirical support to psychoanalytic theory. Freud, a committed atheist, two decades Jung's senior, was looking for a respectable, gentile successor. At the beginning, their differences were attractive to Freud. His followers in Vienna were just that: followers--and too Jewish to boot. Jung was more independent, more like himself...and it was, at first, attractive. So, too, Jung was attracted to the father figure represented by Freud, a far more intellectually formidable person than his own father had been.

It didn't last. Ostensibly they broke up over a dispute about libido theory, Freud tending to want a simple motive (eros) and setting (childhood) to explain all of psychodynamics, Jung being much more attracted to the multifaceted, multilayered and substantially teleological allure of religious symbolism.

This collection of essays represents the intellectual surface of their association and disassociation. The Letters presents more of the personal dimension.

[Alex Giurgea · Rating 5 out of 5]

O carte care da imaginea completa a diferentelor intre viziunile lui Freud si ale lui Jung asa cum au evoluat din anii de inceput si pana spre sfarsitul vietii. Astfel Freud a fost integrat in viziunea mai larga a lui Jung cu foarte mult respect datorita drumurilor deschise in psihologie si reuseste sa creeze o imagine de ansamblu in care psihanaliza lui Freud ofera doar o perspectiva asupra psihicului uman, nu singura. Ideea care mi-a placut cel mai mult este orientarea lui Jung catre prezent si viitor, trecutul ramanand doar ceva ce trebuie inteles si lasat in urma pentru un viitor diferit.