گزيده زيبایی‌شناسی هگل

by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, محمود عبادیان

Librarian note: an alternate cover for this edition can be found here.

For Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831), art almost ranked with religion and philosophy in its power to reveal the fundamental nature of existence. But although he lived in the German golden age of Goethe, Schiller and Mozart, he also believed that art was in terminal decline.

To resolve this apparent paradox, as Michael Inwood explains in his incisive Introduction, we must understand the particular place of aesthetics in Hegel's vast intellectual edifice. Its central pillars consist of logic, philosophy of nature and philosophy of spirit. Art derives its value from offering a sensory vision of the God-like absolute, from its harmonious fusion of form and content, and from summing up the world-view of an age such as Homer's. While it scaled supreme heights in ancient Greece, Hegel doubted art's ability to encompass Christian belief or the reflective irony characteristic of modern societies. Many such challenging ideas are developed in this superb treatise; it counts among the most stimulating works of a master thinker.

Table of Contents
Introductory Lectures on Aesthetics Introduction A Note on the Translation and Commentary
INTRODUCTORY LECTURES ON AESTHETICS

Chapter I: The Range of Aesthetic Defined, and Some Objections against the Philosophy of Art Refuted
[α Aesthetic confined to Beauty of Art
β Does Art merit Scientific Treatment?
γ Is Scientific Treatment appropriate to Art?
δ Answer to β
ε Answer to γ]

Chapter II: Methods of Science Applicable to Beauty and Art
[1. Empirical Method - Art-scholarship
(a) Its Range
(b) It generates Rules and Theories
(c) The Rights of Genius
2. Abstract Reflection
3. The Philosophical Conception of Artistic Beauty, general notion of]

Chapter III: The Conception of Artistic Beauty
Part I - The Work of Art as Made and as Sensuous
1. Work of Art as Product of Human Activity
[(a) Conscious Production by Rule
(b) Artistic Inspiration
(c) Dignity of Production by Man
(d) Man's Need to produce Works of Art]
2. Work of Art as addressed to Man's Sense
[(a) Object of Art - Pleasant Feeling?
(b) Feeling of Beauty - Taste
(c) Art-scholarship
(d) Profounder Consequences of Sensuous Nature of Art
(α) Relations of the Sensuous to the Mind
(αα) Desire
(ββ) Theory
(γγ) Sensuous as Symbol of Spiritual
(β) The Sensuous Element, how Present in the Artist
(γ) The Content of Art Sensuous]

Part II - The End of Art
3. [The Interest or End of Art
(a) Imitation of Nature?
(α) Mere Repetition of Nature is -
(αα) Superfluous
(ββ) Imperfect
(γγ) Amusing Merely as Sleight of Hand
(β) What is Good to Imitate?
(γ) Some Arts cannot be called Imitative
(b) Humani nihil - ?
(c) Mitigation of the Passions?
(α) How Art mitigates the Passions
(β) How Art purifies the Passions
(αα) It must have a Worthy Content
(ββ) But ought not to be Didactic
(γγ) Nor explicitly addressed to a Moral Purpose
(d) Art has its own Purpose as Revelation of Truth]

Chapter IV: Historical Deducation of the True Idea of Art in Modern Philosophy
1. Kant
[(a) Pleasure in Beauty not Appetitive
(b) Pleasure in Beauty Universal
(c) The Beautiful in its Teleological Aspect
(d) Delight in the Beautiful necessary though felt]
2. Schiller, Winckelmann, Schelling
3. The Irony

Chapter V: Division of the Subject
[1. The Condition of Artistic Presentation is the Correspondence of Matter and Plastic Form
2. Part I - The Ideal
3. Part II - The Types of Art
(α) Symbolic Art
(β) Classical Art
(γ) Romantic Art
4. Part III - The Several Arts
(α) Architecture
(β) Sculpture
(γ) Romantic Art, comprising
(i) Painting
(ii) Music
(iii) Poetry
5. Conclusion]

Commentary

Genres: Philosophy, Art, Nonfiction, German Literature, Classics, Germany, Reference

115 pages, Paperback

Published January 1, 2011

About the author

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) was a German philosopher and one of the founding figures of German Idealism. Influenced by Kant's transcendental idealism and Rousseau's politics, Hegel formulated an elaborate system of historical development of ethics, government, and religion through the dialectical unfolding of the Absolute. Hegel was one of the most well-known historicist philosopher, and his thought presaged continental philosophy, including postmodernism. His system was inverted into a materialist ideology by Karl Marx, originally a member of the Young Hegelian faction.

Reviews

[Hanieh Sadat Shobeiri · Rating 2 out of 5]

2/5

یونان، یونان، یونان! همش یونان!
همه چیز از یونان آغاز می‌شه، در یونان اوج می‌گیره و در یونان به پایان می‌رسه! اوج شعر، یونانه! اوج رمانس، یونانه! اوج حماسه، یونانه!
آغاز، اوج و پایان فلسفه در یونانه! هر حرفی که فیلسوف‌ها تا الان زدن، جوابی به ارسطو و افلاطونه!
هنر مُرده! به پایان رسیده! هنرمندان و تفکر هنرمندانه از ۳۰۰۰ سال پیش تا الان پیشرفتی نداشته که!
بخاطر این تفکر یونان‌پرستانه‌ی هگله که تمام فلسفه و هنر اروپا انگار توی یونان باستان گیر کرده و نه تنها حاضر نیست سرشو از توی کاخ رویاهای یونانیش بیاره بیرون، بلکه ادوار بعد از اون رو حتی قبول هم نداره؟
فکر می‌کنم آدم‌ها همیشه ترجیح دادن یک چیز گنگ (در اینجا یونان باستان) رو به عنوان خدا انتخاب کنن و بهش سجده کنن و توی ذهنشون مدام بهش مقام بدن. اگر هم تو بخوای اعتراضی بکنی، یا بی‌سوادی و به اندازه کافی مطالعه نداشتی یا این‌که شعورت اونقدر پایینه که "سخن بزرگان" رو نمی‌فهمی!
موقع خوندنش خونم به جوش اومده بود و توی رگ‌هام قل‌قل می‌کرد!
حقیقت تلخ این‌جاست که تو به عنوان دانشجوی فلسفه باید این مزخرفات رو مطالعه کنی و سعی کنی بفهمیشون. بعدش حق انتخاب با خودته؛ یا این حرف‌ها رو قبول کنی و در جامعه‌ی فلاسفه مورد احترام واقع بشی، یا بهشون انتقاد کنی و مثل شوپنهاور از این جامعه طرد بشی و افسردگی بگیری!
حقا که فیلسوفان در زندانِ فلسفه، در همان غاری به سر می‌برند که افلاطون ما را از ظلمت آن می‌ترساند؛ جایی که از حقیقت جز در پیکر سایه‌هایی بر دیوار نمی‌توان باخبر شد...


فلسفه ی هنر، نوشتهٔ هگل، ترجمهٔ نیلوفر آقاابراهیمی، انتشارات تمدن علمی.

[Kate · Rating 3 out of 5]

Good fun as an intellectual exercise, but not particularly applicable to real, live art.

[Lina · Rating 3 out of 5]

Ik startte dit boekje niet voor mijn plezier, maar raar maar waar, raakte ik na een tijdje doorbijten toch wat meegesleept. Hegel blijft complex, maar Francis zal tevreden zijn

[Karl Hallbjörnsson · Rating 3 out of 5]

I'm gonna have to read this one again someday, preferably in a philosophy course at school - but don't get me wrong, I felt that I understood the otherwise clunky and obscure text well enough - I simply would like to partake in discussions regarding the subject matter. I'll take up some more Hegel soon, I think. He has an intoxicatingly grand view of the universe and our role in it.

[April · Rating 4 out of 5]

Cant go one page without this guy being racist but I guess his theories about art and philosophy are still important I guess

[Robin Goossens · Rating 2 out of 5]

Hartverscheurend onleesbaar

[Merel Vanquaille · Rating 3 out of 5]

klets

[Robinne]

Niet lezen met een kater….

[Rina · Rating 4 out of 5]

Not the easiest read ever, but extremely insightful! Even now, after two centuries and countless revolutions in the philosophy of art, this book has a lot to offer. Some ideas may be out of date and are fascinating more from the historical point of view, but many of Hegel's thoughts still hold to this day, and couldn't be expressed better.

[fien :) · Rating 2 out of 5]

you could explain this whole book in less than five minutes but bro needed 104 pages

[Colin Cox · Rating 4 out of 5]

I recently read one of the most challenging texts in the Western philosophical canon, Hegel's Phenomonology of Spirit. As an extension of this accomplishment, I decided to reread an earlier, and from my observation, less-cited Hegel text, Lectures on Aesthetics, which my Barnes & Noble edition calls The Philosophy of Art. The composition of the text is fascinating. Unlike Phenomonology of Spirit, one of Hegel's students, Heinrich Gustov Hotho, compiled Lectures on Aesthetics from Hegel's lecture notes. This textual mediation feels distinctly Hegelian. Furthermore, there are moments from Lectures on Aesthetics that echo ideas Hegel develops in Phenomonology of Spirit. For example, when Hegel writes, "The Beautiful is now no longer poured into external formations, but has returned from externality into the inner consciousness of the individual mind" (29) sounds similar to how Hegel conceptualizes the infinite, which is to say, we must think of the infinite as grounded in the finite.

As I mentioned earlier, this Barnes & Noble edition has more than Hegel's text. It also includes an essay from one of Hegel's students, C. L. Michelet. This essay, which is longer than Hegel's text, functions as an "extensive elaboration of Hegel's ideas" (vii). The inclusion of Michelet's essay troubles Hegel's text, if for no other reason than it misleads readers to think Hegel's text needs Michelet's. That is to say, Hegel's Lectures on Aesthetics and Michelet's essay need not be a package deal, but the editor's inclusion of Michelet's text and the naming convention The Philosophy of Art, suggest otherwise.

[Kyle Goetz · Rating 3 out of 5]

I rate it low only because the book is advertised as Hegel but not even half the book is Hegel. More than half is another philosopher. I bought this book to read Hegel, not someone else (one of his students apparently). Will have to buy something else instead.

But the section by Hegel is interesting, although he fails to anticipate innovations in art. for instance, Hegel says music improves upon painting by introducing the concept of time, which is a limitation of painting. but cubism specifically does innovate to introduce time into painting. So I don't think Hegel has in this book captured the progression of art toward it's highest form adequately.

[Sebastião · Rating 5 out of 5]

Penetrar no universo hegeliano da arte e da estética configura-se como o início de uma viagem por um imaginário fascinante. Há muita sabedoria em Hegel e há ainda um elemento de premonição que é surpreendente. Por vezes, todavia, também há uma certa fixação e limitação em redor do tal imaginário hegeliano que circunscreve o potencial de alcance do seu pensamento. Não obstante, trata-se de uma obra muito interessante e cativante.

[Marco Sán Sán]

Sorprende la discreción o falta de desarrollo del concepto "estética" aunque el registro de su desempeño atreves de su escalada exposición arquitectura, escultura, pintura, música y poesía es brillante y esclarecedor para quien atiende a lo que realmente describe esta escalda. Aunque sigo curioso por su discreción en el desarrollo conceptual, tal vez sea mera elegancia y respeto ante el respetable. No espetaba esto aquí pero vaya que siempre Hegel deja algo en su inmenso trabajo.

[Müslim · Rating 4 out of 5]

... Güzellik ve hakikat bir anlamda özdeştirler. Güzel, özellikle kendi içinde hakikat olmak zorundadır. Ama hakikate ve güzele daha yakından bakıldığında onların aynı zamanda farklı olduklarını görürüz.

...Çünkü otantik sezgi ve iyi yetişmiş bir ruh, yalnızca hakikatin ve temel olanın karşılığı olan gerçekliği fenomenler içinde kantlayarak ve göstererek beğeni duyar.

[betulsenaayar]

stephen dedalusla tanıştıktan sonra artan estetik sorularımdan sonra hegelin estetik düşüncelerini ilk elden tanımak istemiştim. kitap uzun bir süre önce elime hediye olarak ulaşmasına rağmen daha yeni okuma fırsatı bulabildim.

[Hazal · Rating 1 out of 5]

Okumasi agir kitap, cevirmenin kotu cevirdigini dusunuyorum. Yarim biraktim. Okucak cok kitabim var sonra belki geri donerim. Tavsiye etmem. Vakti cok ,okucak kitabi olmayan guzel sanatlarla ilgili arkadaslar okuyabilir.

[Dilek · Rating 5 out of 5]

Mimariyle başlayan sanat, heykel, resim, müzik ve söz (şiir) ile devam ediyor. İdea olarak sanatın özü vurgulanıyor. Öncelikle doğada var olan sanattan bahsediliyor. Daha sonra modern sanatın ilkeleri ve varoluşu anlatılıyor.

[Rani Buyse · Rating 2 out of 5]

Zo een filosoof die dit hele boek in 5 zinnen had kunnen neerpennen, maar door zijn voortdurende shizzle heeft dit mij weken gekost.
Ik haat Hegel nu meer dan de persoon die statistiek heeft uitgevonden.

[Amber · Rating 3 out of 5]

An argument beginning with the belief that Art is imitation of Nature and ending by stating that Art has reached its logical end. Covers the Beautiful, the Ideal and the Divine. Heady, but good.

[Aladdin Aldair · Rating 2 out of 5]

Don’t bother

[Sadra]

هنگام خواندن این کتاب موضوعاتی که بیشتر نظرم را جلب کرده بودند، مشکلات عجیب ویراستاری و جمله‌های طولانیِ نامفهوم بودند.

[Kyria · Rating 2 out of 5]

I DID IT

[Azra Alp · Rating 5 out of 5]

Klasik bir Hegel kitabı, fakat kısaltılmış versiyonları yerine iki ciltlik Payel’den çıkanları daha iyi…

[Emre · Rating 2 out of 5]

hegel sucks

[Elisa de Clippele]

rust, roest?

Bis repetita placent.

- solo un grande MIND game -

[Lotte de Smet · Rating 3 out of 5]

heavy om te lezen.