墨子 (国学经典)

by 墨翟

《墨子》就是记载墨翟言论和墨家学派思想资料的总集，倡导尚贤、尚同、兼爱、非攻、节用、节葬等主张，基本反映了广大劳动阶层的呼声。

Genres: Philosophy, China

82 pages, Kindle Edition

First published March 1, 2007

Reviews

[Barack Liu · Rating 5 out of 5]

444-Mozi-Mozi-Philosophy-390BC

Barack
2022/11/27

"Mozi" was created in the Warring States Period. It consists of two parts: Mozi's own writing and the disciples' description of Mozi's remarks. The book advocates universal love, non-attack, elevating the virtuous, advocating the same, Tianzhi, Minggu, non-life, non-music, festival burial, and festival use, and involves philosophy, logic, military science, engineering, mechanics, geometry, optics, etc. Most of the pre-Qin scientific and technological achievements rely on "Mozi" to pass on. Most of the existing book "Mozi" was lost in the Song Dynasty. When the "Siku Quanshu" was compiled in the Qing Dynasty, there were only fifty-three pieces left.

Mozi, born in 476 or 480 BC, died in 390 or 420 BC. His name is Zhai, a native of Song State in the late Spring and Autumn Period and early Warring States period, one is from Luyang, and the other is from Teng State. A descendant of Muyi, an aristocrat of the Song Dynasty, he served as a doctor of the Song Dynasty. Ancient Chinese thinker, educator, scientist, military strategist, founder, and main representative of the Mohist school. Mohism had a great influence in the pre-Qin period, and it was called "Xianxue" together with Confucianism. The contention among a hundred schools of thought during the Warring States period was known as "non-Confucianism and Mohism". After Mo Zi's death, Mohism was divided into three schools: Mo of Xiangli's family, Mo of Xiangfu's family, and Mo of Deng Ling's family.

Table of Contents
1. loved ones
2. Slim fit
3. stained
4. Faye
5. Seven troubles
6. quit
7. three arguments
8. Shangxian
9. Shang Xianzhong

Things in this world, except birth, old age, sickness, and death, are helpless, in fact, they are all formulated and implemented by people, and they will also change because of people. To achieve good results in these man-made things, one must also be good at appointing people. Everyone knows and recognizes the principle of emphasizing talents, but there are still many difficulties in actual operation. Therefore, in reality, there are many people who understand the truth and few people who practice the truth. Where is the difficulty? First of all, if you don't stand high enough, you won't be able to tell which ones are real talents and which ones are just rhetoric people. Secondly, even if you can identify talents, you must have the resources to attract them. Third, even if you have the resources to attract talent, you must be willing to invest in them. Perhaps the most difficult thing is the third point. When it comes to real interests, it may be very difficult to ensure that people are valued over things. If all three of these can be achieved, you will probably be able to find talents, appoint talents, and make them work for you.

Governing a country involves a multitude of affairs. Some people do well, some people do not. If you grasp the core contradiction, you can do things with higher efficiency. If you fail to grasp the core contradiction, you may spend a lot of effort, but the goal will not be achieved. For the monarch, the first important thing is to choose the right talents and put the right talents in the right position. For individuals, it is to choose the right way of doing things, the right tools, and the right environment. If you make the right choice, things will get done faster. If you choose the wrong one, there is a risk that things will not be completed. So how can you be cautious? Those that are close to vermilion are red, and those that are close to ink are black. One must choose the environment carefully. The composition of the environment is not only the people you associate with but also the overall atmosphere. You must put yourself in a sunny environment.

The world is so big, there are thousands of products, and all walks of life have their own standards. Even if a person is smart, if he does not follow certain rules, it will be difficult to maintain high quality continuously. Ingenuity should be placed on the criteria for choosing to do things and on the process of making things. Who should we emulate? If you imitate others, people are flawed after all. Therefore, we must follow the example of the way of heaven. The so-called way of heaven should be an objective law. Studying the principles of nature, to follow the laws of nature is the highest goal. If you can do things in accordance with God's will, the result will probably not be too bad. Everyone's understanding of God's will may be different, and since it is God's will, no one is qualified to give it an authoritative understanding. Each of us has a different understanding of the way of heaven. We should try our best to find our understanding of the way of heaven in our hearts and make our words and deeds conform to the way of heaven.

Mozi is very pragmatic, and he pays attention to the practical benefits of what he does, and he should not pursue decoration too much. When we invest human and material resources purely for the pursuit of sensory stimulation, it runs counter to the idea of Wuben. How did the ancient sage kings get people's recognition? Because they can teach people knowledge and lead people to live a better life. People slashed and burned, and they came out to teach people how to farm. People lived in caves, and they came out to teach people how to build houses. Regardless of whether the story is true or not, its core idea reflects what kind of image people expect from a leader. Leaders should be able to bring practical benefits to themselves and make their lives better. If this leader not only fails to make people's lives better but blindly takes from the people, how can he ensure that the people will not change their minds? Ordinary people themselves have dispatched resources. They don't know how to use themselves, so they are ordinary people. A leader does not necessarily have any special abilities. He just knows how to dispatch the power of ordinary people reasonably to produce results. After the results are produced, the leader must share the results with everyone in a proportion that satisfies most people. Such a person is the leader that people have followed throughout the ages.

The most important thing for a person in a high position is not how capable he is or how well he does things, but to allow talented people to use their talents as much as possible and use them in the right place. Only by giving status and benefits to talented people can talents be attracted. Rewards and punishments for people should be based on the results of their actions, so that talented people can be selected, rather than rewards and punishments based on their own likes and dislikes. The most important thing for managers is to design rules, so we say that clocks should be built instead of telling time. If you learn the art of management, even if the organization has 1,000, 1 million, or 1 billion people, you can handle this big ship well. If you focus on the details instead of focusing on the management of people, then when the resources of the leader increase by 10 times, you will not be able to cope with it, because people's time is limited. So the way of the emperor is the way of employing people.

People sometimes lose the big when they are small. They are shrewd about small things and confused about big things. To heal a horse, one knows to go to a veterinarian, not to one's relatives; to repair a bow, one knows to go to a craftsman, not to one 's relatives. But when I need someone to help me complete my career, or manage the country, I think of my relatives, not the people who are good at doing these things. Isn’t it clear about small things, but confused about big things? ? Is it easier to manage a country than to heal a horse and repair a bow? Professional things are left to professional people to do. Career and life are to be distinct. People in high positions rely heavily on those who are incompetent, and those in low positions will inevitably follow suit. The virtue of a gentleman is wind; the virtue of a villain is grass. If the wind is the wrong way, how can we expect the grass and trees to grow in the right direction?

Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, many people of insight were thinking about how to end the troubled times and achieve peace. Everyone has a different understanding of the root cause of troubled times, so they put forward different theories. Mozi pays attention to universal love, but the problem is that universal love is not human nature. Human nature is selfish, and it is very difficult to go against human nature, and not everyone can do it. If it does not conform to human nature, it will be difficult to promote. Even if it is forced to promote, it will be difficult to last. Because this leader may have the ambition to enforce it, but in the future, if another leader is in power, he may abandon this policy or be unable to implement this policy. Therefore, it is still necessary to follow human nature and make the best use of the situation, so that it may be easier to produce results.