Soviet Russian Philosopher Afanasyev's "Dialectical Materialism" was published during the Perestroika reforms of Soviet Communist Party. Afanasyev summarizes his studying on the history of Marxist philosophy in "Dialectical Materialism". Afanasyev thinks the main concepts of dialectical materialism in the new conditions of the world. Dialectical materialism is very old philosophical tradition, since the ancient philosophers, dialectical materialist philosophy develops in the different schools in the world. What is the dialectics, what is the materialism, what is dialectical materialism, Afanasyev explains these questions at the end of the 20. Century.