Where are the sights that I must know alone (Wang Wei).
Why does one read poetry? This simple question opens up a vast debate and provokes the proverbial one thousand and one responses. I will let this debate be and tell you why I read (often not well known) poetry by men and women dead for centuries. I want to see how they expressed in poems more passionately that which they could otherwise say to their friends and families in simple ordinary speech; I want to know how people living in other eras, other places, other cultures lent eternity to their human emotions; I want to learn about the metaphors and images they employed in the service of their loves and passions, obsessions and hatreds, their beliefs and dogmas...and so before I write further I want to pay my respects to the first of men who came up with the idea of translation.
This pithy Penguin Little Black Classics No.9 gave me a flavour of three 8th century poets from what is now China and left me wanting for more. It covers quick word bites for those on the run or those, like I, who otherwise won't look for an opening to dig further to pull out poets from old China amid the great mass of books out there. Here, we meet Wang Wei (699-761), Li Po (701-762) and Tu Fu (712-770), known as the finest poets of their times, who all lived during Tang Dynasty era.
Wang Wei (699-761) must have lived in a place abundantly endowed with natural beauty. He is the poet of nature and pastoral bliss, of blue mountains and green streams, of peach blossom and luxuriant trees up to the clouds, of fishermen and shepherds who live guarded by mountains and encircled by crystalline brooks - so beautiful that No one can tell which may be / the spring of paradise; when he took a walk deep into the forest He sat and looked at the red trees / not knowing how far he was. I quote "The Green Stream" for sampling.
"To get to the Yellow Flower River
I always follow the green water stream
Among the hills there must be a thousand twists
The distance there cannot be fifty miles
There is the murmur of water among rocks
And the quietness of colours deep in pines
Lightly lightly drifting water-chestnuts
Clearly clearly mirrored reeds and rushes
I have always been a lover of tranquility
And where I see this clear stream so calm
I want to stay on some great rock
And fish for ever on and on."
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On Marble Stairs
still grows the white dew
That has all night
soaked her silk slippers
Li Po (701-762) is your playful, witty, irreverent drinking buddy whose mood takes a 180-degree turn when suddenly the thought of being away from his wife and kids hits him. He is away on work assignment and can't return. In a beautiful poem, "Letter to his Two Small Children Staying in Eastern Lu," he wonders if the only peach tree he had put in their small garden might have grown past his children, and whether his son might have reached his big sister's shoulder.
In "The Ballad of Ch'ang-Kan," a young wife counts winds and weathers in wait for her sailor husband who has gone off to distant lands. Three stanzas.
"Here by the door our farewell footprints,
They one by one are growing green moss,
The moss so thick I cannot sweep it,
And fallen leaves: autumn winds came soon!
I remember, in my maiden days
I did not know the world and its ways;
Until I wed a man of Ch'ang-kan:
Now, on the sands, I wait for the winds...
But, go or come, it's ever sorrow
For when we meet, you part tomorrow:
You'll make Hsiang-tan in how many days?
I dreamt I crossed the winds and the waves."
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The ghosts of those by blood
defiled are homeless!
The last of the trio, Tu Fu (712-770), writes of the ravages of war and poverty that must have gripped his part of the world. He pours forth into his poems his harrowing experience as a war veteran. A potent sense of dark sorrow at the waste of life and happiness pervades his poems. Here are two stanzas of a poem he'd written after a battle had destroyed the royal clan and compelled the commoners to scatter to the four winds. From "Lament by the Riverside."
"The old man from Shao-ling,
weeping inwardly,
Slips out by stealth in spring
and walks by Serpentine,
And on its riverside
sees the locked Palaces,
Young willows and new reeds
all green for nobody."
In another poem he recounts his experience of homecoming from a long war and is pained to see his family in utter poverty. I loved the imagery of this poem. Selected lines from "The Journey North: the Homecoming."
"A year but past, to my simple home
And my own wife, in a hundred rags;
Who sees me, cried like the wind through trees
Weeps like the well sobbing underground
And then my son, pride of all my days,
With his face, too, whiter than the snows
Next by my couch two small daughters stand
In patched dresses scarcely to their knees
And the seawaves do not even meet
Where old bits of broidery are sewn;
Whilst the Serpent and the Purple Bird
On the short skirts both are upside-down"
Who wouldn't feel a stab in the heart for the description of young girls' dresses...
June 2015