Mark Nesbitt's 35 Days to Gettysburg reminds us that battles are won and lost by soldiers, not by generals. In Civil War studies, it has become conventional to engage in a bit of metonymy or synecdoche, referring to an entire army in terms of its commanding general; we say that Meade defeated Lee, or that Longstreet attacked and Hancock successfully repelled him. In fact, however, the defeating and the attacking and the repelling are done by ordinary soldiers whose names go out of the world largely unremembered -- who never have statues built for them, or forts or ships named in their memory.
35 Days to Gettysburg does something to redress that imbalance. In this book, Nesbitt presents us with a month's worth of the diary entries of two young soldiers, one Union and one Confederate, as their disparate paths lead them toward the same portion of the Gettysburg battlefield. For each of the 35 days referred to in the book's title, Nesbitt begins by quoting in turn the diary entries of Franklin Horner (12th Pennsylvania Reserves) and Thomas Ware (15th Georgia Infantry). For each day, Nesbitt provides a helpful gloss of Horner's and Ware's diary entries, explaining references and allusions that might be unfamiliar to modern readers. The structure of the book conveys a grim sense of inevitability; we know that Horner and Ware are both going to end up at Gettysburg, and we wonder if either or both are going to end up among the 51,000 casualties of the battle.
Nesbitt's emphasis on the cruelty and bitterness and futility of war is admirable, especially considering how often Civil War books suffer from an admixture of Lost Cause romanticism. It seems to me that the book's subtitle, The Campaign Diaries of Two American Enemies, is particularly well-chosen; for it reminds us, as we get to know these two decent and likable young men, that if these two decent and likable young men had actually met on the battlefield, they would have done their level best to kill each other.