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The Incredible History of India's Geography

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Maps and mountains, lions and tigers, rivers and oceans-all sorts of things you didn't know about India's geography

Could you be related to a blond Lithuanian? What if ostriches once roamed in India? Did you know that India is the only country that has both lions and tigers? Who found out how tall Mt Everest is?

If you've ever wanted to know the answers to questions like these, this is the book for you. In here you will discover various things you never expected, such as the fact that we still greet each other like the Harappans did or that people used to think India was full of one-eyed giants. And sneakily you'll also know more about India's history and geography by the end of it. Full of quirky pictures and crazy trivia, this book takes you on a fantastic journey through the incredible history of India's geography.

256 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 2015

175 people are currently reading
1772 people want to read

About the author

Sanjeev Sanyal

13 books589 followers
Sanjeev Sanyal is an economist, urban theorist and writer. He grew up in Sikkim, Kolkata and Delhi before heading off to Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar. He spent the tumultuous summer of 1993 in South Africa as it transitioned from apartheid, and then extensively travelled through Guatemala as it emerged from civil war. These experiences made him a keen observer of rapidly changing societies, an interest that reflects in many of his varied writings.

Sanjeev spent most of his adult life battling international financial markets, a few years in Mumbai and many in Singapore. One day in 2008, mostly on a whim, he decided to move back to India and travel all over the country with his family. This resulted in his hugely popular second book, Land of the Seven Rivers. Then in 2011, again for no particular reason, he went back to finance and took up a role as the global strategist of one of the world’s largest banks. He also spent the next few years exploring the Indian Ocean rim—Oman, Sri Lanka, Zanzibar, Vietnam, Indonesia, and up and down India’s coastline. These travels resulted in The Ocean of Churn: How the Indian Ocean Shaped Human History.

Currently Sanjeev lives in New Delhi where he serves as the principal economic adviser to the Indian government.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 112 reviews
Profile Image for Kamil.
227 reviews1,117 followers
April 16, 2017
Crash course of Indian history told from geographical angle. The most refreshing aspect of this short book is the fact that it's told by Indian not by Westerner as most Indian history narratives. Recommended even if national pride here and there sounds a bit off...
Profile Image for S.Ach.
686 reviews208 followers
April 17, 2022
Until the Lion Learns to Write, Every Story Will Glorify the Hunter.

The community of Indian intellectuals have been accused of being dominated by left liberals. With the winds and regime changing, we see a lot of intellectuals from the right side of the isle coming fore and present an alternative narrative, which they believe is re-writing the wrongs of the past.
Well, if History is written always by winners, it is also re-written by winners NOW as well. As a reader, who is neither interested nor capable of a thorough investigation of history, I believe I need to know other side of the stories, especially the writers I believe are worth reading. Sanjeev Sanyal falls in to that category. Hence, I read this book to see what Sanyal wants the children of today should know about their civilization.

I have several issues with the book, few I lay below -

Firstly, the name is little misleading. I was under the assumption, that I would learn historical aspects of India's geography, and geography not only about the Gangetic plain, but about other landscapes, rivers, coasts, etc. However, what I got was predominantly a linear history of Indian sub-continent.

Secondly, when you narrate the complex and vast history of India spanning thousands of years, (and in Sanyal's narrative point of view tens of thousands of years), it would be natural you would skip some, downplay some others, etc, however, sometimes it won't be obvious what you are skipping and what you are undermining, those are because your bias and intention of propagating a particular narrative, or because of lack of space.

Next, I understand the attempt here to propel the idea of older Indian mythical tales were actually realities, or the idea that Indus Valley civilization and the Vedic civilization could be one and the same, or all the Muslim rulers (with only exception of Akbar) were marauding invaders with evil intentions, etc etc, but why do the same mistake that the left liberal historians are accused of ; i.e. considering history of North India is the history of India. Why not talk more about the historical and geographical aspects of other parts of India?
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Despite having many complaints against the book, I would still recommend this book to students. Reason : it is a fun and non-boring way of learning history. Students hate history in school. There are tons of information, which could attract students towards the subject of history and explore more. And, I would say, that's a good beginning.

History is not a closed chapter. It is wide open for discoveries and interpretations.
If there could be many different views of the present, so can be history.
As Naval Ravikant said, "If news is fake, imagine history."
If anyone says, with conviction, that this is exactly why and how it happened what happened, I smell something fishy there. So, my suggestions to students, when you read history, from whoever, always take the narrative with a generous quantity of salt.
Profile Image for Abhinav Agarwal.
Author 13 books76 followers
March 11, 2015
Among the many flavours that Indian history books come in - dry academic tomes; popular histories; comics, children's - those written for the young reader are not only the most difficult to get right, but unfortunately they have also been mostly neglected in India. I say neglected because while there are a fair number of such books that can be spotted on the shelves in a bookstore, they mostly parrot discredited theories and perpetuate colonial myths. The better ones often dumb down history to the point of rendering it useless from both an educational and informational perspective.

Sanjeev Sanyal’s latest, and third, book, “The Incredible History of India’s Geography” – which is described as an “adaptation” of his 2013 bestseller, “Land of the Seven Rivers: A Brief History of India’s Geography” and targeted at a young audience - 12+, is sweeping in its scope – starting with the continental drift that started to occur almost a billion years ago! The Ice Age and the rise and fall in sea levels is also covered as a prelude to the main content in the book. This is important because it helps explain the commonalities in the culture between India and the Persians on the one hand, and certain geological phenomena that would appear incongruous otherwise – like the presence of marine fossils high up in the Himalayan Range. It also helps drive the point that even geographies are ever-changing, albeit on a scale that is much, much slower than history.

The meat of the book begins with the development of the largest and one of the oldest civilizations the world has known – the Indus Valley Harappan civilization. It is this chapter that children may well find the most rewarding, as it gently guides the reader through the myriad aspects of not only the Harappans, but also wades into the Rig Veda, the Saraswati River, the controversies surrounding the two, and how the two are in turn intertwined with the Harappan Civilization, and therefore with the most pernicious of myths about Indian civilization – the Aryan Invasion myth. The preponderance of evidence suggests that the Harappans and Rig Vedic Aryans are one and the same. With the Rig Veda possibly being composed as early as 2600 BCE, the Aryan Invasion myth has to be consigned to the dustbins of history – the sooner the better.

The book proceeds through mostly a chronological level – covering the period of the the Mauryans, Guptas, the trade routes that existed during the times, splicing these topics with his personal interest in cartography and how the development of the art and science of maps itself aided in the exploration of undiscovered lands - with both good and not-so-good effect, the invasions from Central Asia to the entry of Europeans and the rise of the British Empire, and beyond. I do believe the material on the Cholas and the South is a bit sparse.

Apart from a retelling of the nation’s fascinating history, the book also seeks to dispel the myth that Indians have not had a “sense of history.” A fascinating counter argument to this myth is the story of the Sudarshana reservoir and the inscriptions that record its restoration – with an Ashokan inscription, a Sakan inscription more than three centuries later, and a third inscription during the Gupta dynasty – over a period of almost a thousand years! Or that the Mauryan pillar in Allahabad “has inscriptions by three of India’s most powerful emperors – Ashoka, Samudragupta, and Jehangir – a continuity across eighteen centuries!“

For the young adult interested in getting a short overview of our nation’s history, then this is perhaps a near-ideal book. I personally would have preferred even more illustrations, in addition to the wonderful ones already there. Perhaps this book itself will spawn more editions, illustrated versions?
Children and young adults should seriously consider adding “The Incredible History of India’s Geography” to their list of summer reading. It is time well-spent.
Disclosure: I received a complimentary copy of the book from the publisher.
Profile Image for Sanjeev.
145 reviews7 followers
August 19, 2015
Do you remember the story where a student prepare an essay on cow, and when given Taj Mahal in exam, he brings cow and writes on it. Delhi is Cow for this Author. This is the second book I read from ( First one being " Land of seven Rivers " ).

Most of the Indian Historians focus on North India. Mr. Sanyal will focus on Old Delhi. It would be false if I say I learned nothing new from his writings, but his obsession with Delhi kind of started annoying.

coming to this book, I presume that he focused on Teenagers. writing "kewl" for "cool" , generalizing how bollywood songs are affecting villages , his generalizing that every politician in Delhi is fat and corrupt , are not the things to be included in a non fiction book.

The missing Godavari river on the cover page ( and also on Land of seven rivers ) is making hard to not judge the books by their covers.
Profile Image for Kavitha Sivakumar.
353 reviews60 followers
November 6, 2022
A very frustrating book despite some really good information. I learned about some information like Aksai Chin for the first time. Still....frustrating.

First, this book is just the compilation of information that the author seemed to have gained through extensive reading, though the author did not provide any references!!

Cannot be called non-fiction as the author sometimes mentions a fact and explain "but we don't know whether this is true or not" Either you refute the fact by stating your reasons for refuting or if you think the fact is wrong, don't mention it in your book!

The most frustrating about the book is the misleading title. I would not have touched the book if I know that this book is about a little geography, a little genealogy, a little economics, and mostly history which by the way is not complete.

Not worth my time though can't honestly say wastage of my time either
13 reviews
December 29, 2020
Fantastic birds-eye view of Indic history from neolithic to post-independence times. Hats off to the author.
Profile Image for Deepu George.
264 reviews30 followers
January 24, 2016
It is actually a short history of how India shaped itself in time... As many who read this book has commented on it being Delhi centric and not talking about the history down south I think Mr. Sanyal was more concerned about the geography of the feeling that is India. And peninsular India did not change much in history. Although I've said this still it would have been better if he had mentioned about the southern kingdoms also instead of talkin of them just as a passing comment,. Still liked the book.. Nice one to remind you of all the history u forgot and it give a few new insights to the idea of India too
Profile Image for Soumya.
125 reviews27 followers
October 11, 2017
If you’ve read The Land of Seven Rivers by Sanyal, you needn’t read this. Or vice versa. There isn’t anything new about this book that I haven’t already read. My bad, I should’ve read the synopsis before buying it. Yet, I didn’t find it boring reading the same facts again. This was more or less like a revision session for me. If you love history and facts about how India as a nation came to be over a million years, I’d definitely recommend this one, especially high school kids. But Mr. Sanyal, when will you write a little bit more about South and North East India?
17 reviews
January 5, 2016
Fun facts, informative and for all age groups
Profile Image for Gorab.
843 reviews153 followers
November 14, 2022
The Land of Seven Rivers is a much better alternate to this.
At most, this felt like a gossip column without any fact check or references.

Incredible book title!
Profile Image for Kasturi  Dadhe.
109 reviews20 followers
July 11, 2021
Nice thread work in easy words. The history of the indian civilisation and the evolution of 'Indianness' through its changing topography and geography was interesting and almost rendered the Indian land..wait for it..legendary.
Profile Image for Vinayak Hegde.
744 reviews93 followers
April 19, 2018
A very well written book with a good comprehensive (in terms on coverage but not so much in depth) information about the history of India and seen through the lens of geography of India. The book covers how the geography of India has influenced it's history and also to some extent vice versa (for example the location of cities and their contribution to history, trade and culture).

The books is written for the causal reader and not the academic historian so it glosses over some of the details but considering the size of the book, it does pretty well in coverage of the history of the Indian subcontinent from prehistoric time to the epics and modern India. The coverage of the southern India especially the Maratha and Chola Kingdoms could have been better. The author could have talked more about the Harrapan cultures more as well.

Overall a fantastic read that does a good job of covering Indian History and geography and how it influenced each other.
Profile Image for Conrad Barwa.
145 reviews131 followers
December 14, 2018
Very poor as a volume on history. The writers seem keen to always emphasise a very tired nationalist and at times communal as well as conservative view of history. Anything that challenges what is basically a Hindu-centric upper caste view of the world is trashed - such as the fantastic claims that the Harappa and Vedic civilisations were one and the same. Muslims are invariably seen as invaders and destroyers, the role of non-Hindu groups and civilsations ignored. About the caste system a defining element about Hindu society, we get barely 2 pages and nothing about adivasi cultures except passing references.

All in all an awful book, if the popularity of this volume is anything to go by, its no wonder that the state of historical knowledge and our awareness of our past is in such a poor state and why distortions and deliberate falsifications propagated by many Hindutva ideologues and historians have so easily gained credence.
Profile Image for Swathi  Manchili.
84 reviews8 followers
August 10, 2017
To start with Mr. Sanjeev Sanyal is not a historian. His writing style is impressive and he keeps it simple and crisp.
This book starts with continental drift and ends with modern day Gurugram. The author covers almost everything from Harappan civilisation, Saraswathi River, Mauryan Gupta Ashoka kingdoms, Mughal invasion, British imperialism to present day urban India. It suits for someone who is looking for a quick reference of India's history. The book is mainly Delhi centered and the mention about southern kingdoms is like a passing comment. Aryan Invasion theory gets a mention but not in detail.
I would definitely recommend this book as it is a package of almost all the events that happened in India in a chronological order.
14 reviews
April 5, 2016
A very interesting and engaging book about the history of India. The author's style is very lucid and simple. The author not dwelling on an item for a long time, piques the reader's interest in imagining and visualizing what has just been read. What is very interesting is the author's comparisons between the historical scenario and the present, about the same place. What is very evident is the author's passion in the subject and the passion in delivering the same to the audience. A very good read.
Profile Image for Treena Sengupta.
99 reviews4 followers
May 22, 2017
Very interestingly articulated and packaged for those interested in the complex human racial movement in Indian subcontinent chronologically.
Starting from the days on unorganized Saraswati valley civilization, meandering to natured induced movement therein, evolution, creation of cities, towns, races, creation of dynasty some indigenous, some imports - role of trade in furthering the Indian diaspore elsewhere, many many centuries ago to now. I am sure whether you are history enthusiast or not, just to draw pleasure of knowing our complex evolution to date, this read makes sense.
Profile Image for Saravana Sastha Kumar.
229 reviews3 followers
July 10, 2017
One of the best books i have read in recent times concerning the cause-effect of the major events in India's history. I had always felt even through my school days that our school textbooks and popular literature does not do any kind of justice to India's culture and history. When I read this book by Sanjeev Sanyal, made for the teens, I firmly believe that much of what is in this book must become textbook material for our children. I've already picked up other books of Sanjeev Sanyal. May his tribe grow !
Author 1 book2 followers
April 29, 2019
Sanjeev has addressed and important aspect of history - Geography and its impact. It is a book for kids and highly recommended for Indian children. He covers an amazing span in this short book and yet manage to cover almost all important aspects.

I was looking for some references to cultural exchanges between central Asia and India. The exchanges went back forth a couple of times and vastly enriched north Indian music and gave rise to Sufism and Bahai religion. The book covers east Asian connections in depth but not so much space was spent for central Asia.
2 reviews
July 18, 2019
A glimpse of past the way we wold like to be.

Great book on Indian History through Geography. It has brought to the fore many anecdote, which was otherwise hidden. Writer seems to have researched alot and riding appears to be believable.
Alas! we still need serious researchrs with authentic documents of our past to boldely put forward our views, the way like it to be.
Commendable job.
Profile Image for Abhishek Tyagi.
16 reviews
November 24, 2015
It's a great book which almost chronically describes the events throughout the history. This is not the reference book for history but a handbook. Also major focus is on North India. But for children I think it's a great book to give them hang of Indian history. I recommend reading it for everyone.
Profile Image for Vikram Ketkar.
88 reviews1 follower
November 14, 2018
This is a sweeping overview about India's history from ancient times and the effect geological or climate changes had on it. Sometimes the book focuses only on History without its linkages to such changes but it is still a very interesting read. Will be looking forward to reading more from this author.
82 reviews1 follower
July 1, 2019
A very brief description of India's journey from gondwana to modern day. Very simply explained and beautifully written. It helps understanding the history as well of geography of India connecting human evolution to their migration to the culture that got developed eventually, all the wars taken place and also connecting story of people who travelled india, their views and observation.
1 review
October 6, 2016
Good Read

Excellent chronological flow of events and its correlation. Similar to Ocean of Churn. Good reading for history and Geography buffs. Research based and clarifies a lot of myths. Next reader, My Son.
Profile Image for VK.
86 reviews9 followers
February 3, 2017
There is lots of info about Ancient, Pre & Post Independent and Present (North) India... When modern authors write about India, why they are missing the rich history about southern parts of India.

Guys we do live in this country. Pls try to remember this, if anybody writing about India.
Profile Image for Sumit.
98 reviews2 followers
February 26, 2018
The book has 8 chapters and barring the last two initial six are more of history than geography. The last two chapters deals with the geography of modern India and are very informative and interesting.
Profile Image for Ramaprasad KV.
Author 2 books64 followers
January 4, 2019
This book is an "adult" version of another title written by the same author, with younger readers in mind. I don't know what it means - but I found the other book better - may be I am just younger at heart ;-)
Profile Image for Amrita Singh.
7 reviews2 followers
May 15, 2015
One of the best I have come across in terms of India's history. Quirky and incredibly informative. A "must read"
Profile Image for Swamyraj.
12 reviews
September 1, 2015
An excellent book that provides a very neat 'zoomed out' view of Indian history; geographically.
Profile Image for Meghna Mazumdar Burman.
27 reviews1 follower
March 11, 2016
It's a beautifully written story that took me on a journey from the very birth of the land to its present form, through centuries of greatness, loss, lessons and pride.
Displaying 1 - 30 of 112 reviews

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