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The Nine Numbers of the Cosmos
How old is the universe? How far away are the galaxies and how fast are they travelling away from us? What is dark matter and why do astronomers think it pervades the universe? How heavy is the vacuum? How do galaxies form?Michael Rowan-Robinson answers these and many more questions in a highly original and intriguing way. He encapsulates our current knowledge (both what we do and don't know) of the origin and the nature of the universe into nine numbers. These cosmic numbers appear to be independent characteristics of our universe and include its age, the Hubble constant (a measure of its rate of expression), and the density of matter in the universe. Only one of the nine numbers is known with real precision,and four of them only poorly known. The complex ideas that underpin modern cosmology such as the origin of the elements and quantum theory are explained clearly and accessibly, and more speculative ideas like inflation and superstrings are also covered, but with a refreshing scepticism. While mostof what we know has been learnt during the 20th century, Rowan-Robinson provides a historical perspective, paying homage to the achievements of the Greeks, Renaissance astronomers, and the age of Newton. He ends the book with a look to the future, predicting that with the further space missions we will accurately know the nine numbers described in this book by the year 2015, but concludes that the origin of the Big Bang itself will still be a mystery by the end of the twenty-first century, andperhaps even in the year 3000.
- GenresSciencePhysicsNonfiction
177 pages, Kindle Edition
First published October 21, 1999
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Displaying 1 - 4 of 4 reviews
August 28, 2019
Cosmology updated
There's a beguiling simplicity to this attractive primer on cosmology. Professor Rowan-Robinson uses mostly plain English in describing what is currently known, and he keeps it short. But make no mistake about it: this is a complex and technical book on a difficult subject. It requires study. I have read it twice, and could profit from additional readings, but, as I like to say, life is short, and I'll have to be satisfied with what I have thus far garnered.
One of my pet peeves about books on cosmology is the constant rehashing of ancient conceptions of how and why the universe came into being, along with mistaken ideas from the early days of astronomy, anything, it sometimes seems, to pad out the requisite three hundred pages or so. Consequently I was pleased not to encounter any tales of turtles holding up the world or any retracing of the Ptolemaic model before the author gets to the current state of affairs (although he does give some brief history as he goes along).
The nine numbers serve as an organizing device through which a picture of modern cosmology is revealed, or as the author puts it in the Prologue, "a peg on which to hang different aspects of our knowledge." Incidentally, the Prologue, "Que sais-je," is particularly well written and candid and valuable for what it reveals about what Rowan-Robinson's knowledge. The first number is the amount of baryonic matter in the universe, as revealed in Chapter 1 entitled, "We exist." Chapter 2 is "We are not in a special place," revealed by the considerable extent to which the universe is isotropic and homogeneous. The third number is the Hubble constant, the fourth, the age of the universe, the fifth, the temperature of the background radiation, etc. I'll leave it to the reader to discover the other numbers. What I want to focus on are Professor Rowan-Robinson's speculations on extraterrestrial life from Chapter 1.
He begins by expressing his "difficulty...with the idea that advanced technological civilizations like ourselves are common in our Galaxy" (p. 16). I think he has expressed it exactly right here with the words "like ourselves," which I want to emphasize. However on the next page he goes on to present the familiar argument (from Fermi) that a civilization much in advance of ours would have found us by now. He cautions that he doesn't accept the view that "they keep themselves hidden so as not to interfere with our development." Hence the tired conclusion that THEY probably do NOT exist.
The main problem with this argument is that it projects human psychology and desire onto beings of an advanced civilization. They might very well have their reasons for leaving us alone. Additionally, it's not clear that the problem of interstellar travel is as easily solved as some might think, and I'm thinking here of the emotional and psychological difficulties as well as the technical ones. Rowan-Robinson writes that he doesn't accept "any really fundamental limits on colonizing the Galaxy" (p. 17). Even if he is right, would such beings have the desire to colonize? I suspect that their psychology might differ, perhaps startlingly, from our own, and that they may prefer to stay at home.
Rowan-Robinson also considers the case of an advanced civilization, unable to colonize other planets, facing the death of its star. He believes they "would surely put some effort into demonstrating that they had existed. There would be the astronomical equivalent of the pyramids, some kind of beacon signaling forever" ( p. 17). To me, such a vain glorious enterprise is more characteristic of human psychology than anything else, especially that of our pre-technological civilizations. I would add that in advancing it, Rowan-Robinson is guilty of anthropomorphizing the aliens! Surely, one would think, after a billion years or so of development, there would be some advance on this sort of psychology. Perhaps Professor Rowan-Robinson would appreciate being reminded of the lesson of Shelley's poem, "Ozymandias," that "king of kings" whose "shattered visage lies" amid the drifting sands.
Rowan-Robinson concludes the book with a prediction for the year 2100 (repeated from page 64) that the Planck era (10 to the minus 43 seconds after the Big Bang) will remain "shrouded in mystery." He adds, "It would not surprise me if this were still a mystery in the year 3000."
There are some helpful diagrams and tables, some black and white photos, a brief glossary, and a name, and a subject index.
--Dennis Littrell, author of “The World Is Not as We Think It Is”
There's a beguiling simplicity to this attractive primer on cosmology. Professor Rowan-Robinson uses mostly plain English in describing what is currently known, and he keeps it short. But make no mistake about it: this is a complex and technical book on a difficult subject. It requires study. I have read it twice, and could profit from additional readings, but, as I like to say, life is short, and I'll have to be satisfied with what I have thus far garnered.
One of my pet peeves about books on cosmology is the constant rehashing of ancient conceptions of how and why the universe came into being, along with mistaken ideas from the early days of astronomy, anything, it sometimes seems, to pad out the requisite three hundred pages or so. Consequently I was pleased not to encounter any tales of turtles holding up the world or any retracing of the Ptolemaic model before the author gets to the current state of affairs (although he does give some brief history as he goes along).
The nine numbers serve as an organizing device through which a picture of modern cosmology is revealed, or as the author puts it in the Prologue, "a peg on which to hang different aspects of our knowledge." Incidentally, the Prologue, "Que sais-je," is particularly well written and candid and valuable for what it reveals about what Rowan-Robinson's knowledge. The first number is the amount of baryonic matter in the universe, as revealed in Chapter 1 entitled, "We exist." Chapter 2 is "We are not in a special place," revealed by the considerable extent to which the universe is isotropic and homogeneous. The third number is the Hubble constant, the fourth, the age of the universe, the fifth, the temperature of the background radiation, etc. I'll leave it to the reader to discover the other numbers. What I want to focus on are Professor Rowan-Robinson's speculations on extraterrestrial life from Chapter 1.
He begins by expressing his "difficulty...with the idea that advanced technological civilizations like ourselves are common in our Galaxy" (p. 16). I think he has expressed it exactly right here with the words "like ourselves," which I want to emphasize. However on the next page he goes on to present the familiar argument (from Fermi) that a civilization much in advance of ours would have found us by now. He cautions that he doesn't accept the view that "they keep themselves hidden so as not to interfere with our development." Hence the tired conclusion that THEY probably do NOT exist.
The main problem with this argument is that it projects human psychology and desire onto beings of an advanced civilization. They might very well have their reasons for leaving us alone. Additionally, it's not clear that the problem of interstellar travel is as easily solved as some might think, and I'm thinking here of the emotional and psychological difficulties as well as the technical ones. Rowan-Robinson writes that he doesn't accept "any really fundamental limits on colonizing the Galaxy" (p. 17). Even if he is right, would such beings have the desire to colonize? I suspect that their psychology might differ, perhaps startlingly, from our own, and that they may prefer to stay at home.
Rowan-Robinson also considers the case of an advanced civilization, unable to colonize other planets, facing the death of its star. He believes they "would surely put some effort into demonstrating that they had existed. There would be the astronomical equivalent of the pyramids, some kind of beacon signaling forever" ( p. 17). To me, such a vain glorious enterprise is more characteristic of human psychology than anything else, especially that of our pre-technological civilizations. I would add that in advancing it, Rowan-Robinson is guilty of anthropomorphizing the aliens! Surely, one would think, after a billion years or so of development, there would be some advance on this sort of psychology. Perhaps Professor Rowan-Robinson would appreciate being reminded of the lesson of Shelley's poem, "Ozymandias," that "king of kings" whose "shattered visage lies" amid the drifting sands.
Rowan-Robinson concludes the book with a prediction for the year 2100 (repeated from page 64) that the Planck era (10 to the minus 43 seconds after the Big Bang) will remain "shrouded in mystery." He adds, "It would not surprise me if this were still a mystery in the year 3000."
There are some helpful diagrams and tables, some black and white photos, a brief glossary, and a name, and a subject index.
--Dennis Littrell, author of “The World Is Not as We Think It Is”
April 7, 2012
The complex ideas that underpin modern cosmology are explained clearly and accessibly and even speculative ideas are covered but with a refreshing skepticism. Not a voluminous book. It contains the ideal amount of content a book such as this one should have. I recommend it to the layman as well as the budding student of physics.
March 5, 2014
Good read but as of now (Mar 2014) somewhat dated. Less history than many of this genre and some light explanation of theory.
July 2, 2016
Very crisp way of putting forth the significant parameters which we find in our cosmos.
Displaying 1 - 4 of 4 reviews