The Great Terror - my second history reading this year is a study of just that, terror and fear. The fear in all its form that followed the Second Word War in Poland. There was no shortage of reasons to be afraid in the country that has gone through an unimaginable ordeal, lost nearly every fifth of its inhabitants, and when you might think the nightmare was over was exposed to the uncertain future due to the political spheres of influence - is the country going to belong to the west or to the east?
The study begins before the war setting the stage for national anxieties and follows up through the war and the period immediately after until the first afterwar elections.
I found myself completely entranced and actually deeply affected by the atmosphere of fear. It is not an easy thing to write 650 pages in an interesting and simple way on an interesting but to say the least unpleasant subject.
So what was it that people feared after the war? Obviously immediately after the war there were no institutions and organisations that could protect the civilians. There were members of partizant movements, there were foreign armies, there were neighbors who in the absence of law and order not so seldom believed that what is yours should be theirs and that is only the beginning. People were already traumatized after 6 years of war and occupation and reacted strongly to all sorts of rumors causing panic among the population. Then there were worries about the country, what kind of Poland, where will the borders be, and then came communists, and Stalin’s rule by fear, and a fear of collectivization, and did I mention the infectious diseases and food shortages and money exchange that left everyone even poorer….
It is all unimaginable. Marcin Zaremba does a magnificent job combining history with sociology and psychology to explain the mechanisms and behaviours and the psychological and moral destruction that was an inevitable consequence of the war.