NATURALEZA Y OTROS ESCRITOS DE JUVENTUD (Clásicos del pensamiento)

by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Javier Alcoriza Vento (Editor), Antonio Lastra (Editor)

Naturaleza, publicado anónimamente en 1836, señala la aparición de Ralph Waldo Emerson en la filosofía y la literatura americanas. «Piadosa» y «aversiva» recepción, a la vez, de las corrientes de pensamiento europeas así como del romanticismo poético, Naturaleza sería seguido inmediatamente por una serie de discursos y conferencias en las que su autor se arrogaría una voz propia, al tiempo que se vio vetado por las instituciones académicas. En 1849, un Emerson maduro y consciente del poder de su escritura reeditaría el pequeño volumen de 1836, acompañado de los discursos y conferencias, en el momento en que su reputación se extendía por una Europa sometida a la reacción política y una América del Sur que luchaba por su los jóvenes europeos y sudamericanos —con Nietzsche y Baudelaire y José Martí como emuladores de Thoreau y Whitman— reaccionaron a su vez leyendo las páginas dedicadas al American Scholar. Habitante de dos mundos, el trascendentalismo se presentaba como la más radical de las lecturas de Kant.Naturaleza y otros escritos de juventud se une a la serie de ediciones y traducciones de los textos fundamentales de la escritura constitucional americana llevada a cabo por Javier Alcoriza y Antonio Lastra y que comprende, entre otros títulos, La filosofía en América de George Santayana, publicado en esta misma colección.

288 pages, Kindle Edition

First published January 1, 2009

About the author

Ralph Waldo Emerson was born in Boston in 1803. Educated at Harvard and the Cambridge Divinity School, he became a Unitarian minister in 1826 at the Second Church Unitarian. The congregation, with Christian overtones, issued communion, something Emerson refused to do. "Really, it is beyond my comprehension," Emerson once said, when asked by a seminary professor whether he believed in God. (Quoted in 2,000 Years of Freethought edited by Jim Haught.) By 1832, after the untimely death of his first wife, Emerson cut loose from Unitarianism. During a year-long trip to Europe, Emerson became acquainted with such intelligentsia as British writer Thomas Carlyle, and poets Wordsworth and Coleridge. He returned to the United States in 1833, to a life as poet, writer and lecturer. Emerson inspired Transcendentalism, although never adopting the label himself. He rejected traditional ideas of deity in favor of an "Over-Soul" or "Form of Good," ideas which were considered highly heretical. His books include Nature (1836), The American Scholar (1837), Divinity School Address (1838), Essays, 2 vol. (1841, 1844), Nature, Addresses and Lectures (1849), and three volumes of poetry. Margaret Fuller became one of his "disciples," as did Henry David Thoreau.

The best of Emerson's rather wordy writing survives as epigrams, such as the famous: "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines." Other one- (and two-) liners include: "As men's prayers are a disease of the will, so are their creeds a disease of the intellect" (Self-Reliance, 1841). "The most tedious of all discourses are on the subject of the Supreme Being" (Journal, 1836). "The word miracle, as pronounced by Christian churches, gives a false impression; it is a monster. It is not one with the blowing clover and the falling rain" (Address to Harvard Divinity College, July 15, 1838). He demolished the right wing hypocrites of his era in his essay "Worship": ". . . the louder he talked of his honor, the faster we counted our spoons" (Conduct of Life, 1860). "I hate this shallow Americanism which hopes to get rich by credit, to get knowledge by raps on midnight tables, to learn the economy of the mind by phrenology, or skill without study, or mastery without apprenticeship" (Self-Reliance). "The first and last lesson of religion is, 'The things that are seen are temporal; the things that are not seen are eternal.' It puts an affront upon nature" (English Traits , 1856). "The god of the cannibals will be a cannibal, of the crusaders a crusader, and of the merchants a merchant." (Civilization, 1862). He influenced generations of Americans, from his friend Henry David Thoreau to John Dewey, and in Europe, Friedrich Nietzsche, who takes up such Emersonian themes as power, fate, the uses of poetry and history, and the critique of Christianity. D. 1882.
Ralph Waldo Emerson was his son and Waldo Emerson Forbes, his grandson.