Rhetoric

by Aristotle

Риторика - филологическая дисциплина, изучающая искусство речи, правила построения художественной речи, ораторское искусство, мировоззрение, красноречие. Из определения риторики становится ясна цель, которую преследовал Аристотель в своём трактате: он хотел, на основании наблюдения, дать общие формы ораторского искусства, указать, чем должен руководиться оратор или вообще всякий, желающий убедить кого-либо в чём-либо. Сообразуясь с этим, он разделил свой трактат на три части. Первая часть посвящена анализу тех принципов, на основании которых оратор (то есть всякий говорящий о чём-нибудь) может побуждать к чему-нибудь своих слушателей или отклонять их от чего-нибудь, может хвалить или порицать что-нибудь. Вторая часть говорит о тех личных свойствах и особенностях оратора, с помощью которых он может внушить доверие своим слушателям и таким образом вернее достигнуть своей цели, то есть уговорить или отговорить их. Третья часть касается специальной (технической) стороны риторики: Аристотель говорит здесь о тех способах выражения, которыми должно пользоваться в речи (о стиле), и о построении ораторской речи. Множество тонких психологических замечаний по вопросу о взаимодействии оратора и аудитории (например, о значении юмора, пафоса, о влиянии на молодых людей и на стариков) и анализ силы используемых в речи доказательств придают работе Аристотеля универсальное значение.

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210 pages, Paperback

Published May 20, 2026

About the author

Aristotle (Greek: Αριστοτέλης; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts. As the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy in the Lyceum in Athens, he began the wider Aristotelian tradition that followed, which set the groundwork for the development of modern science.
Little is known about Aristotle's life. He was born in the city of Stagira in northern Greece during the Classical period. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At 17 or 18, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of 37 (c. 347 BC). Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip II of Macedon, tutored his son Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC. He established a library in the Lyceum, which helped him to produce many of his hundreds of books on papyrus scrolls.
Though Aristotle wrote many treatises and dialogues for publication, only around a third of his original output has survived, none of it intended for publication. Aristotle provided a complex synthesis of the various philosophies existing prior to him. His teachings and methods of inquiry have had a significant impact across the world, and remain a subject of contemporary philosophical discussion.
Aristotle's views profoundly shaped medieval scholarship. The influence of his physical science extended from late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages into the Renaissance, and was not replaced systematically until the Enlightenment and theories such as classical mechanics were developed. He influenced Judeo-Islamic philosophies during the Middle Ages, as well as Christian theology, especially the Neoplatonism of the Early Church and the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church.
Aristotle was revered among medieval Muslim scholars as "The First Teacher", and among medieval Christians like Thomas Aquinas as simply "The Philosopher", while the poet Dante Alighieri called him "the master of those who know". His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, and were studied by medieval scholars such as Pierre Abélard and Jean Buridan. Aristotle's influence on logic continued well into the 19th century. In addition, his ethics, although always influential, gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics.