What do you think?
Rate this book
Diplomacy
In these pages, Sir Harold Nicolson outlines a history and definition of diplomacy, the art of implementing foreign policy by negotiation. The historical development of diplomacy is traced from primitive origins (when, hypothetically, the concept of diplomatic immunity arose from the realization that it was impractical to kill and eat an emissary before he had delivered his message), to modern times, when diplomatic procedure has become highly sophisticated and is controlled by strict conventions.
151 pages, Paperback
Published January 1, 1966
About the author
Harold Nicolson
193 books30 followersSir Harold George Nicolson KCVO CMG was an English diplomat, author, diarist and politician. He was the husband of writer Vita Sackville-West, their unusual relationship being described in their son's book, Portrait of a Marriage.
Ratings & Reviews
Friends & Following
Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!
Community Reviews
Displaying 1 - 20 of 20 reviews
May 19, 2017
Average writing quality but informative and slightly biased.
January 27, 2021
First and foremost, the author settles the ground by giving a very clarifying definition of diplomacy taking into consideration the vagueness by which such term is often used. Thus, Harold used the definition given by the Oxford English Dictionary: “Diplomacy is the management of international relations by negotiation; the method by which these relations are adjusted and managed by ambassador and envoys; the business or art of the diplomatist. In this well informed and full of literary references book, he focused more on the executive idiosyncrasy diplomacy than in its legislative aspects. From the ancient Greek poly’s unbelievable contribution, trough roman legal benefits heritage, to the League of Nations idealism, Nicholson reviews the transition and evolution of diplomacy, greatly expressed in chapter two: “The progress of diplomatic theory has been from the narrow conception of exclusive tribal rights to the wider conception of inclusive common interests”In further chapters, Nicholson pointed out that the characteristics of this transition are equidistant to the changes in the political arena, an adjustment produced by democracy. He refers to those changes as pure “make up” because he believes human nature never changes. Although I disagree with his conception, merely because of ethical reasons and my recognized own idealism in human potential, I understand the significance of its words when addressing diplomacy, specially after the impact of many authors such as Machiavelli in diplomatic theory and its philosophy. However, this is also addressed by the book when the author argues that “ diplomacy is not a system of moral philosophy”. This “make up” stated by Nicholson is made up of several elements: secrecy, confidentiality and affection, and is provoked by changes in the political arena such as rapid increase in communication , a growing sense of the community of nations and the increasing importance of public opinion. He also refers to the difficulties that derive from this transition: irresponsibility by some actors, ignorance when addressing foreign affairs and certain forms of popular knowledge such as giving more important to feelings and emotions rather than though and rationality. Diplomacy main contribution is the emphasis on properly adaptation of diplomatist and diplomatic policy to its time and place. Nonetheless, Harold also highlighted a set of characteristic that creates the ideal idiosyncrasy of a diplomat. These qualities are applicable to all times and places. This idiosyncrasy is made up by: truthfulness, precision, calm, good temper ,patience, modesty and loyalty which he also considered to be the main qualities of an ideal diplomacy. To find this characteristics in modern democracies and to overcome the challenges pointed out by Nicholson is the challenges displayed upon diplomacy, and it is importance for its maintenance to made them a reality when conducting international affairs for the sake of peace and our common interest as a society. The good Hermes symbolized qualities of charm, trickery and cunning and he was recognize in literature as a prototype of ancient diplomat or the qualities a diplomat should have. Harold Nicholson, perfectly demonstrates by giving convenient examples than moving to another type of diplomacy and diplomat has made diplomacy much better and it will continue to do so. For all that reasons, and other that are beyond the scope of this analysis, I highly recommend this valuable book
May 3, 2023
I believe this was required reading at Georgetown’s School of Foreign Service thirty or so years ago. Unfortunately, it didn’t make me diplomatic in any sense of the word.
June 2, 2026
Harold Nicolson’s Diplomacy (1939) remains one of the most influential studies of diplomatic theory and practice written in the twentieth century. Authored by Harold Nicolson, a former British diplomat and parliamentarian, the book combines historical scholarship, practical experience, and normative reflection to provide a comprehensive account of the evolution of diplomacy from the Renaissance to the modern era. Written on the eve of the Second World War, Diplomacy reflects both the strengths and limitations of the interwar liberal international order. It remains a classic text for students of international relations, diplomatic history, and foreign policy, although some of its assumptions have been challenged by subsequent developments in global politics.
Nicolson’s principal objective is to explain the origins, functions, and ethical foundations of diplomacy as an institution. He traces the emergence of permanent diplomatic representation in Renaissance Italy and follows its development through the European state system established after the Peace of Westphalia. For Nicolson, diplomacy is not merely the conduct of negotiations between states but a highly specialized profession requiring judgment, patience, discretion, and intellectual discipline. He distinguishes diplomacy from foreign policy, emphasizing that diplomacy constitutes the method through which states pursue their objectives rather than the objectives themselves.
One of the book’s most significant contributions is its historical analysis of the diplomatic profession. Nicolson argues that effective diplomacy emerged gradually through the institutionalization of resident embassies, the development of diplomatic protocol, and the professionalization of foreign services. He pays particular attention to the balance between national interest and international stability, suggesting that successful diplomats must reconcile the demands of their governments with the broader requirements of peace and order. His account highlights the extent to which diplomatic practice depends upon trust, credibility, and mutual understanding among states.
The central chapters focus on the qualities required of diplomats and the techniques of negotiation. Nicolson presents diplomacy as an art grounded in rationality and moderation. He argues that the ideal diplomat possesses truthfulness, precision, calmness, patience, loyalty, and intelligence. Such virtues enable representatives to communicate effectively, interpret foreign intentions accurately, and prevent misunderstandings from escalating into conflict. Nicolson’s emphasis on character reflects a broader belief that international relations are shaped not only by institutions and power but also by the personal qualities of those entrusted with managing state affairs.
Another important theme is the relationship between diplomacy and democracy. Nicolson examines the tensions created by the rise of public opinion and parliamentary oversight in foreign affairs. While acknowledging the legitimacy of democratic accountability, he expresses concern that excessive publicity may hinder successful negotiations. In his view, diplomacy often requires confidentiality and flexibility, conditions that can be difficult to maintain in an age of mass politics and media scrutiny. This discussion remains relevant in contemporary debates over transparency, secrecy, and democratic control in foreign policy.
The book’s historical context significantly shapes its arguments. Writing during the decline of the interwar international system, Nicolson viewed diplomacy as a means of preserving peace through negotiation and compromise. His analysis implicitly critiques the failures that contributed to the outbreak of major conflicts in Europe. Yet his confidence in the civilizing role of diplomacy reflects a distinctly liberal and Eurocentric perspective. He largely focuses on European diplomatic traditions and devotes limited attention to non-Western practices or colonial dimensions of international relations. As a result, the work provides a valuable but incomplete account of diplomacy as a global phenomenon.
From a scholarly perspective, Diplomacy occupies an unusual position between history, political theory, and professional manual. Its strengths lie in its clarity of exposition, elegant prose, and integration of historical examples with practical insights. Nicolson’s extensive experience lends authority to his observations, while his historical narrative illuminates the institutional foundations of modern diplomacy. The book remains particularly useful as an introduction to classical diplomatic thought and the norms that governed interstate relations before the emergence of contemporary multilateral institutions.
Nevertheless, several limitations have become apparent over time. Nicolson’s conception of diplomacy is rooted in a state-centric world dominated by European great powers. He devotes relatively little attention to international organizations, non-state actors, economic diplomacy, or public diplomacy, all of which have become increasingly important since the mid-twentieth century. Furthermore, his preference for elite professional diplomacy may underestimate the democratic and societal forces that now shape foreign policy. Scholars influenced by realist, constructivist, and postcolonial approaches have also criticized the assumptions underlying his account of international order.
Despite these limitations, Diplomacy remains a foundational work in diplomatic studies. Nicolson succeeds in demonstrating that diplomacy is not simply a technical instrument but a vital institution that mediates conflict, facilitates communication, and sustains international society. His exploration of diplomatic ethics and professional standards continues to resonate in an era marked by geopolitical competition and rapid technological change. While some aspects of his analysis reflect the assumptions of his time, the book’s enduring value lies in its thoughtful examination of how states communicate, negotiate, and coexist within an international system.
Diplomacy is both a historical study and a normative defense of diplomatic practice. Nicolson offers a compelling account of the development of diplomacy and an enduring reflection on the qualities necessary for effective statecraft. Although subsequent transformations in international politics have expanded and complicated the diplomatic arena, the book remains essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the intellectual and institutional foundations of modern diplomacy. Its combination of historical depth, practical wisdom, and analytical clarity ensures its continuing relevance within the study of international relations.
GPT
Nicolson’s principal objective is to explain the origins, functions, and ethical foundations of diplomacy as an institution. He traces the emergence of permanent diplomatic representation in Renaissance Italy and follows its development through the European state system established after the Peace of Westphalia. For Nicolson, diplomacy is not merely the conduct of negotiations between states but a highly specialized profession requiring judgment, patience, discretion, and intellectual discipline. He distinguishes diplomacy from foreign policy, emphasizing that diplomacy constitutes the method through which states pursue their objectives rather than the objectives themselves.
One of the book’s most significant contributions is its historical analysis of the diplomatic profession. Nicolson argues that effective diplomacy emerged gradually through the institutionalization of resident embassies, the development of diplomatic protocol, and the professionalization of foreign services. He pays particular attention to the balance between national interest and international stability, suggesting that successful diplomats must reconcile the demands of their governments with the broader requirements of peace and order. His account highlights the extent to which diplomatic practice depends upon trust, credibility, and mutual understanding among states.
The central chapters focus on the qualities required of diplomats and the techniques of negotiation. Nicolson presents diplomacy as an art grounded in rationality and moderation. He argues that the ideal diplomat possesses truthfulness, precision, calmness, patience, loyalty, and intelligence. Such virtues enable representatives to communicate effectively, interpret foreign intentions accurately, and prevent misunderstandings from escalating into conflict. Nicolson’s emphasis on character reflects a broader belief that international relations are shaped not only by institutions and power but also by the personal qualities of those entrusted with managing state affairs.
Another important theme is the relationship between diplomacy and democracy. Nicolson examines the tensions created by the rise of public opinion and parliamentary oversight in foreign affairs. While acknowledging the legitimacy of democratic accountability, he expresses concern that excessive publicity may hinder successful negotiations. In his view, diplomacy often requires confidentiality and flexibility, conditions that can be difficult to maintain in an age of mass politics and media scrutiny. This discussion remains relevant in contemporary debates over transparency, secrecy, and democratic control in foreign policy.
The book’s historical context significantly shapes its arguments. Writing during the decline of the interwar international system, Nicolson viewed diplomacy as a means of preserving peace through negotiation and compromise. His analysis implicitly critiques the failures that contributed to the outbreak of major conflicts in Europe. Yet his confidence in the civilizing role of diplomacy reflects a distinctly liberal and Eurocentric perspective. He largely focuses on European diplomatic traditions and devotes limited attention to non-Western practices or colonial dimensions of international relations. As a result, the work provides a valuable but incomplete account of diplomacy as a global phenomenon.
From a scholarly perspective, Diplomacy occupies an unusual position between history, political theory, and professional manual. Its strengths lie in its clarity of exposition, elegant prose, and integration of historical examples with practical insights. Nicolson’s extensive experience lends authority to his observations, while his historical narrative illuminates the institutional foundations of modern diplomacy. The book remains particularly useful as an introduction to classical diplomatic thought and the norms that governed interstate relations before the emergence of contemporary multilateral institutions.
Nevertheless, several limitations have become apparent over time. Nicolson’s conception of diplomacy is rooted in a state-centric world dominated by European great powers. He devotes relatively little attention to international organizations, non-state actors, economic diplomacy, or public diplomacy, all of which have become increasingly important since the mid-twentieth century. Furthermore, his preference for elite professional diplomacy may underestimate the democratic and societal forces that now shape foreign policy. Scholars influenced by realist, constructivist, and postcolonial approaches have also criticized the assumptions underlying his account of international order.
Despite these limitations, Diplomacy remains a foundational work in diplomatic studies. Nicolson succeeds in demonstrating that diplomacy is not simply a technical instrument but a vital institution that mediates conflict, facilitates communication, and sustains international society. His exploration of diplomatic ethics and professional standards continues to resonate in an era marked by geopolitical competition and rapid technological change. While some aspects of his analysis reflect the assumptions of his time, the book’s enduring value lies in its thoughtful examination of how states communicate, negotiate, and coexist within an international system.
Diplomacy is both a historical study and a normative defense of diplomatic practice. Nicolson offers a compelling account of the development of diplomacy and an enduring reflection on the qualities necessary for effective statecraft. Although subsequent transformations in international politics have expanded and complicated the diplomatic arena, the book remains essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the intellectual and institutional foundations of modern diplomacy. Its combination of historical depth, practical wisdom, and analytical clarity ensures its continuing relevance within the study of international relations.
GPT
April 24, 2018
Nice! A British diplomat from the beginning of the 20th century draws a clear line between what is diplomacy and what is not. He does it through writing about the development of "European" diplomatic practice from the 16th century to the 1930s. A great gift of H.Nicolson is the ability to interact with the readers directly. Harold Nicolson: "These, then, are the qualities of my ideal diplomatist. Truth, accuracy, calm, patience, good temper, modesty and loyalty. They are also the qualities of an ideal diplomacy. But, the reader may object, you have forgotten intelligence, knowledge, discernment, prudence, hospitality, charm, industry, courage and even tact. I have not forgotten them. I have taken them for granted."
April 9, 2013
interesting...
December 19, 2024
Volví a leer esta obra clásica escrita por el diplomático británico Sir Harold George Nicolson (Teherán, Persia, 1886 - Kent, Inglaterra, 1968), en la que habla, entre otros asuntos, de la historia de la diplomacia, no sin antes ofrecer sus argumentos en torno a la definición de su materia. El recorrido histórico, que contempla los orígenes de la práctica y de la clase que ejerce el oficio de la diplomacia, va de la Grecia antigua hasta las reformas realizadas por Anthony Eden que dieron origen al Servicio Exterior Británico como una sola rama del Servicio Civil.
El autor realiza una semblanza general de los sistemas diplomáticos de su propia nación, comparándolo con los de Italia, Francia, Alemania, y los Estados Unidos; así como del funcionamiento del servicio británico durante su época. De igual forma, Nicolson dedica un capítulo a la descripción de lo que él considera el "diplomático ideal", y sus siete características definitivas, y otro a un glosario que se desprende de una de las tres acepciones que presenta en torno al término "lenguaje diplomático". A lo largo de la obra, el autor ofrece ejemplos y referencias históricas para ilustrar sus puntos, tales como la revolución francesa, y la independencia de las Trece Colonias, y también habla puntulamente sobre episodios célebres o infames protagonizados, por ejemplo, por Napoleón Bonaparte o Woodrow Wilson.
Considero que esta obra es de gran valor como referencia histórica, y como introducción teórica para las personas interesadas en las relaciones internacionales, aunque su vigencia como manual quizá haya expirado y, en todo caso, dudaría de su valor para el Servicio Exterior Mexicano. Vale mucho la pena por conocer el área, y se disfruta mucho si se tiene aprecio por la trivia histórica y, ¿por qué no decirlo?, por el chisme intelectualoide.
El autor realiza una semblanza general de los sistemas diplomáticos de su propia nación, comparándolo con los de Italia, Francia, Alemania, y los Estados Unidos; así como del funcionamiento del servicio británico durante su época. De igual forma, Nicolson dedica un capítulo a la descripción de lo que él considera el "diplomático ideal", y sus siete características definitivas, y otro a un glosario que se desprende de una de las tres acepciones que presenta en torno al término "lenguaje diplomático". A lo largo de la obra, el autor ofrece ejemplos y referencias históricas para ilustrar sus puntos, tales como la revolución francesa, y la independencia de las Trece Colonias, y también habla puntulamente sobre episodios célebres o infames protagonizados, por ejemplo, por Napoleón Bonaparte o Woodrow Wilson.
Considero que esta obra es de gran valor como referencia histórica, y como introducción teórica para las personas interesadas en las relaciones internacionales, aunque su vigencia como manual quizá haya expirado y, en todo caso, dudaría de su valor para el Servicio Exterior Mexicano. Vale mucho la pena por conocer el área, y se disfruta mucho si se tiene aprecio por la trivia histórica y, ¿por qué no decirlo?, por el chisme intelectualoide.
November 10, 2024
Diplomacy by Harold Nicolson offers a foundational exploration of the art, practice, and evolution of diplomacy. Written in 1939, Nicolson—a diplomat himself and renowned scholar—presents a thoughtful examination of diplomatic principles, enriched by his firsthand experiences.
The book is divided into clear sections, beginning with the historical evolution of diplomacy, covering its roots from ancient times through the Renaissance, and into the modern-day structures established by the early 20th century. Nicolson’s analysis emphasizes the contrasts between old diplomacy, with its secretive, often aristocratic style, and new diplomacy, which he describes as more transparent and influenced by democratic ideals.
One of the book’s strengths is Nicolson’s discussion of the qualities required of a successful diplomat, such as patience, precision, and tact, which he views as essential to maintaining peace and fostering international relations. He also critiques certain elements of diplomacy, like the role of "moral compromise," which, while sometimes necessary, can challenge ethical boundaries.
Nicolson’s insights into the personal qualities and ethical considerations of diplomats are timeless, making this book a lasting resource for understanding the human aspect of international relations. While some may find the prose dated, his arguments remain relevant, especially for students and enthusiasts of political science and diplomatic history. Diplomacy is both a practical guide and a reflective piece, offering a rare insider’s view into a profession that often operates behind closed doors.
The book is divided into clear sections, beginning with the historical evolution of diplomacy, covering its roots from ancient times through the Renaissance, and into the modern-day structures established by the early 20th century. Nicolson’s analysis emphasizes the contrasts between old diplomacy, with its secretive, often aristocratic style, and new diplomacy, which he describes as more transparent and influenced by democratic ideals.
One of the book’s strengths is Nicolson’s discussion of the qualities required of a successful diplomat, such as patience, precision, and tact, which he views as essential to maintaining peace and fostering international relations. He also critiques certain elements of diplomacy, like the role of "moral compromise," which, while sometimes necessary, can challenge ethical boundaries.
Nicolson’s insights into the personal qualities and ethical considerations of diplomats are timeless, making this book a lasting resource for understanding the human aspect of international relations. While some may find the prose dated, his arguments remain relevant, especially for students and enthusiasts of political science and diplomatic history. Diplomacy is both a practical guide and a reflective piece, offering a rare insider’s view into a profession that often operates behind closed doors.
January 27, 2017
Es un tratado clásico sobre La Diplomacia, entendida como las relaciones internacionales que se establecen entre dos estados. En ese sentido, el libro empieza con definiciones básicas sobre la temática en cuestión y una reseña histórica bastante interesante. El autor, un consumado diplomático, se detiene en describir los cambios y la transición de los viejos modelos de política y negociación internacional, hacia los actuales. (Los de esa época).
Describe las diferencias entre los cuerpos diplomáticos y embajadas de varias potencias europeas y de Estados Unidos. De lectura sencilla y fácil compresión, es un tratado imprescindible para estudiantes de política y diplomacia. Los procedimientos de ingreso y acción de la embajada y el cuerpo de diplomáticos ingleses, y el léxico diplomático, están bastante descontextualizados. Todos los conceptos del libro merecen una revisión a la luz de los adelantos tecnológicos actuales. El internet modificó todas las reglas del juego.
Describe las diferencias entre los cuerpos diplomáticos y embajadas de varias potencias europeas y de Estados Unidos. De lectura sencilla y fácil compresión, es un tratado imprescindible para estudiantes de política y diplomacia. Los procedimientos de ingreso y acción de la embajada y el cuerpo de diplomáticos ingleses, y el léxico diplomático, están bastante descontextualizados. Todos los conceptos del libro merecen una revisión a la luz de los adelantos tecnológicos actuales. El internet modificó todas las reglas del juego.
February 22, 2024
really enjoyed this short monograph on Diplomacy, obviously dated as it was written on the eve of WWII without the author knowing the war was coming, but Abyssinia and the Sudetenland get mentions
Covering the history to that date of diplomacy, from ancient to the original formalisation at Vienna, through changes in 19th & first half of 20th Century.
I have always liked his writing style, keeps a bit of humour in what could be very dry - don't wear pungent hair oil to an interview
Covering the history to that date of diplomacy, from ancient to the original formalisation at Vienna, through changes in 19th & first half of 20th Century.
I have always liked his writing style, keeps a bit of humour in what could be very dry - don't wear pungent hair oil to an interview
November 16, 2019
Hay un lenguaje claro y conciso durante todo el libro. Se abordan de manera breve una plenitud de temas que son la base de lo que hoy conocemos como "diplomacia".
Recomendable para cualquier interesado en empezar el estudio de esta área de las relaciones internacionales.
Recomendable para cualquier interesado en empezar el estudio de esta área de las relaciones internacionales.
April 9, 2020
Libro fundamental para los estudiantes de Diplomacia y Relaciones Internacionales. A pesar de los años desde su publicación, es un libro muy actual que muestra la historia de la diplomacia, sus características, y brinda lineamientos para aquellos que seguirán esta carrera.
October 3, 2014
Creo que es un texto demasiado clásico sobre la diplomacia sin embargo, es altamente ameno al leerlo.
Currently Reading
May 15, 2015..just started; the topic is very, very relevant to me.
Want to Read
September 4, 2015i want to read this book plz
Read
April 2, 2016Excellent guide to how to be a good diplomat.
December 21, 2016
Se lo debía a mi Primaria
December 8, 2021
Harold brings the definition of diplomacy home with ease. Good author
March 27, 2023
Boring. Might have useful when I was studying diplomatic history, but man, Nicholson is arrogant, fussy, and a bit of a prig.
Displaying 1 - 20 of 20 reviews