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Crer e Destruir: Os Intelectuais na Máquina de Guerra da SS Nazista

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Brilhantes, jovens e cultos, eles tinham pela frente um futuro notável como advogados, economistas, historiadores e filósofos. Mas preferiram o engajamento nos órgãos de repressão de Hitler, em particular a SS - a famosa e temível unidade de proteção da elite do Partido Nazista - e seu Serviço de Segurança (SD).

Especialista em estudos da guerra e nazismo, Christian Ingrao investiga os mecanismos de cooptação política, científica e ideológica de oitenta jovens da elite intelectual pela ideologia nazista e pela ideia do extermínio em massa. Partindo de uma pesquisa exaustiva nos arquivos do Terceiro Reich, e de um profundo estudo do contexto universitário alemão da época, ele reconstrói o trajeto de homens que escolheram fazer parte das instituições mais assassinas e sanguinárias do século XX.

Como ensina Ingrao, a história do nazismo é tecida não só de experiências pessoais, mas também de fervor e angústia, utopia e crueldade. E, graças a este estudo pioneiro, podemos compreender hoje o percurso desses homens para crer e destruir.

480 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 2010

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Christian Ingrao

16 books10 followers

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28 (22%)
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Displaying 1 - 12 of 12 reviews
Profile Image for Julie.
1,480 reviews133 followers
September 26, 2013
This is one of the hardest 265 pages I have ever read (the book itself is 399 pages, but the last third is notes). It wasn't bad. In fact, I feel rewarded for knowing so much more about the structure of Nazism and how German fanaticism shaped the war. But it was an extremely difficult read. Keep in mind, the book was based on the author's doctoral dissertation and translated from the original French.

There's no denying that this book is meticulously researched, but it is incredibly dense. It begins with analyzing the status of Germany during its recovery from WWI. The young men who experienced the war as boys are now university students and involved in political activism that evolves into an affiliation with National Socialism. The ultimate aim was "...reinvent[ing] a Germany perceived as diminished on a new sociobiological foundation." But as Nazism takes over Germany and these young men obtain positions of power, the doctrines become more clearly defined, ideologies are solidified, and violence is escalated. "There was one constant feature: the need to `struggle' against enemies - real or supposed, internal or external - and to `control' the life domain of the Reich."

One of the hardest parts about reading this book was the examination of more than 80 individuals, their recruitment, and their advance through the ranks of various Nazi organizations. It's nearly impossible to keep names straight, and unless you are well versed in Nazi hierarchy, it was difficult to distinguish all of the various branches because they shared many of the same objectives (NSDAP, NKVD, SS, SD, SA, RSHA, Gestapo, etc).

I was intrigued by the extent to which Germanization was a huge priority and the elaborate plans the Nazis had for colonizing eastern conquered territories. "Because they had been trained in the universities, and by quoting figures and citing sources could bend their doctrinal formulation to fit academic rules..." the Nazis could justify any atrocity, especially when it came to ethnic purity. One soldier who massacred tens of thousands writes home to his wife: "In Russia, wherever there is a German soldier, there are no longer any Jews." The participation of mass killings in eastern occupied territories was seen as an initiation into the highest positions within the hierarchy, and that is the focus of the latter half of the book.

The author also explores the psychological impact of genocide on those who participated. "In spite of the way it because habitual, and even, for some, a source of intense pleasure, genocidal violence always had a transgressive and traumatic dimension, embodied by sequences in which it broke through the defenses of the executioner, inflicting a specific shock on him." Therefore, leadership attempted to rectify the lasting effects of close-range killing: "The militarization of the shootings implied the physical distancing of the victim from the executioner; it also implied the collectivization of the act of violence, for which no individual could be rendered responsible."

Any attempt at defining the psychological status of Nazis who participated in mass killings would be a challenge, and here it is presented in a very scholarly format. This is not for a casual reader of history. Its exploration of the mentality behind genocide is not particularly engrossing, but it is a necessary study of human behavior during this significant period of history.

I received a complimentary copy of this book via the Amazon Vine program.
Profile Image for Matthias.
189 reviews78 followers
October 2, 2015
Dully written and poorly organized in most parts, especially the first half, and lacking much theoretical or historiographic context, but nevertheless solid, meticulous scholarship on an inherently interesting and important subject.
Profile Image for Krisley Freitas.
125 reviews4 followers
February 28, 2019
Christian Ingrao descreve o trajeto de jovens alemães do início de suas formações acadêmicas até o pós-guerra, passando pela militância política, recrutamento e ingresso na SS, SD e NSDAP, participação da guerra no Leste e Julgamentos de Nuremberg. Apresenta o cenário político, científico e ideológico nos “anos de turbulência” pós 1918, com uma profunda análise principalmente baseada nos “relatos de vida” que os candidatos escreviam ao entrar na SS.

Destaque para os Einsatzgruppe e sonderkommando que são descritos com uma profundidade que dificilmente é encontrada em outros livros. As execuções em massa no Leste também são bem detalhadas, há vários relatos/cartas em primeira e terceira pessoa dessas execuções, explicando os procedimentos, as reações e sentimentos dos executores e a tentativa de militarização do processo para reduzir a carga psicológica e dividir a culpa entre os envolvidos.

O autor apresenta vários termos em alemão com suas respectivas traduções e daí para frente usa apenas os termos em alemão, exigindo do leitor uma boa memória ou que faça uma marcação/anotação do significado desses termos. Há um glossário no final do livro, mas é bem incompleto.

O livro tem um excelente conteúdo, mas a leitura não é muito fluida e varia de qualidade. O autor usa muitas perguntas, tanto retóricas como para iniciar um assunto que irá analisar. Além disso a tradução ficou com um vocabulário acima da média, que em muitos casos achei desnecessário.

É uma leitura bem eficiente, recomendada para quem já está habituado a ler sobre o assunto. O autor menciona fatos históricos (1918-1945), instituições alemãs (Sipo, Kripo, Gestapo, SS, SA, RSHA, etc) e personagens importantes da época (Himmler, Heydrich, etc) partindo do pressuposto que o leitor já os conhece, sem nenhum tipo de introdução ou explicação.

Fortemente embasado em uma pesquisa hercúlea, é proporcionalmente um dos livros com a maior quantidade de notas e referências bibliográficas que já vi.

A edição impressa está muito caprichada: espessas folhas amareladas, papel de alta qualidade, ótima diagramação e uma bela capa.
Profile Image for Danilo Lipisk.
250 reviews3 followers
June 8, 2022
The book has a difficult and tiring read in its first half. However, in the second half, the book "takes off" and becomes "terrifying" with the description of the crimes committed by "ordinary men" who chose the side of evil after having absorbed for years the Nazi rhetoric of a war of existence between the Germans and the "inferior races". Amazing how these "ordinary men" could lie to themselves believing that the immeasurable harm they were causing was a "defense" since in Nazi propaganda machine, the "inferior races" had worse plans for Germany. From that point, the excuse for the crimes that they were committing has been made in their own conscientious.
87 reviews1 follower
May 26, 2019
Es un trabajo que se aleja de la literatura de masas y que nos acerca a los pilares sobre los que sustentó la política del genocidio Nazi en el este de Europa en la segunda guerra mundial. El cómo personas bien instruidas y con formación crearon el sistema para aniquilar a sabiendas a millones de personas por su origen, creencia o simplemente porque molestaban para sus fines expansionistas. Y muestra como un país civilizado, de los más civilizados de la época, simplemte miró hacia otro lado mientras sus ejércitos le hacían el trabajo sucio para que tuvieran espacio para expandirse.
Profile Image for Raúl Cancio.
42 reviews4 followers
September 10, 2018
Cuanto más se lee acerca del genocidio nazi, menos se comprende nada de lo que ocurrió hace menos de ochenta años. En este caso, la desazón se incrementa al analizar la legitimación discursiva de las matanzas en el Este por parte de lo mejor de la intelectualidad universitaria alemana. De Heidelberg a Babi Yar; de Gottinga a Vinnitsa. Estremecedor e incomprensible.
Profile Image for Ana.
51 reviews9 followers
August 23, 2017
Un libro que merece la pena leer. Te hace caer en la cuenta de como los totalitarismos anulan a la persona y sirven a su degradación moral y física. La verdad se falsea y todo sirve para un objetivo macabro: el nazismo. Hay escenas brutales descritas magníficamente por el autor.
Profile Image for Guillermo.
299 reviews170 followers
November 3, 2017
Uno de los mejores ensayos historiográficos que he leído en mi vida. Espero que con el tiempo se convierta en un libro de referencia, lo merece.
Profile Image for Paulina.
2 reviews8 followers
July 11, 2016
Jest to jedna z niewielu książek tego wydawnictwa, do przeczytania której musiałam się zmuszać. Kiedy znalazłam ją w swojej bibliotece, nie zastanawiałam się długo nad jej wypożyczeniem - tytuł mówi sam za siebie. Po przeczytaniu pierwszych kilkudziesięciu stron czytelnik musi pogodzić się z faktem, iż jest to po prostu częściowa parafraza pracy doktorskiej autora, i takim też językiem została napisana, przez co całość czyta się niesamowicie topornie. Pomimo tych niedogodności, odczuwa się niezwykłe cyzelatorstwo Ingrao, który stara się jak najdokładniej oddać rolę intelektualistów w III Rzeszy. Temat ważny, szkoda że wykonanie nie skłania szerszej grupy odbiorców do zapoznania się z tą pozycją.
1,287 reviews
September 17, 2013
In dit boek, gebaseerd op een proefschrift, probeert de schrijver te laten zien,hoe de intellectuelen in de SS en SD gevormd warden en kwamen tot hun daden.
Hij volgt een groep van zo'n 80 man door hun carrier vanaf de eerste wereldoorlog tot hetiende van de tweede wereldoorlog.
Er zijn natuurlijk allerlei psychologische verklaringen te bedenken voor hun gedrag, maar het is onmogelijk de uiteindelijke bestialiteit en moordzucht echt te verklaren. Dat gaat ieder begrip te boven. Goed geschreven, soms wat erg afstandelijk.
Profile Image for Susu.
1,788 reviews21 followers
January 22, 2023
Auswertung von 80 Biographien von Tätern - Ausbildung, Eintritt in die NS-Maschinerie, ihre Rolle in der Entwicklung der Ideologie und Ausreden am Ende - ernüchterndste Info: In der Mehrzahl haben die Herren überlebt - leider fehlt die Info, was und wie sie danach weiter gelebt und womöglich gewirkt haben.
Displaying 1 - 12 of 12 reviews

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