When Lord Byron was still a student living in a run-down ancestral home, he dug up the skull of a long-dead distant relative, made it into a wine cup, and had the following lines inscribed on it:
“Start not—nor deem my spirit fled:
In me behold the only skull
From which, unlike a living head,
Whatever flows is never dull.
I lived, I loved, I quaffed like thee;
I died: let earth my bones resign:
Fill up—thou canst not injure me;
The worm hath fouler lips than thine.”
Byron could have written those stanzas about himself. Nothing dull ever flowed from his own skull, and all the gossip of two centuries has not been able to damage the perennial fascination with his person.
Reputation 4/5
As in his own lifetime, Byron’s person is still more famous than his poetry – at least in England. Outside his own country, Byron is one of the world’s favorite poets. He is the embodiment of Romanticism everywhere. In Germany and Russia, he is the second greatest poet after Shakespeare. In Albania and Greece, he is a folk hero.
But in England, he is considered a pervert and a poet below the ranks of Keats and even Blake.
Point – 5/5
One feat of irony in which the English are uniquely gifted is their neglect of their homegrown originality.
Several times in English history an individual has rounded up the entire philosophical idea of his age and then been promptly forgotten by his countrymen, only to be taken in full by another European nation. Newton is an example of this. His “Natural Philosophy” was a foundational block of the Age of Reason. The French understood it and ran with it all the way to political revolution, and the English ignored it insofar as it did not make money.
Lord Byron embodied the entire Romantic movement in his person and wrote its narrative in his verse. He combined the new Romantic sentiment with the linguistic fluency of his favorite poet, Alexander Pope. For about two decades all of Europe fell under his influence. And his influence was not the abstract influence of reinterpretation a hundred or two hundred years after his death (not like Blake or Van Gogh), but the immediate fire of inspiration to two poets of supreme genius, Goethe and Pushkin, - both of whom admired him endlessly - and to a whole generation of artists like Delacroix and Turner, who illustrated his works. His influence was not reinterpreted, but taken directly on Byron’s own terms. One could say that his influence was deliberate. He made artists in his own image, his personality became a style, and he profited on it all the while.
Byron’s influence was felt more in Europe than in England partly because he was, himself, more influenced by continental poetry than by Antique or English tradition. Much of his later poetry is written in Italian forms like ottava rima, and Byron stayed as far from the traditional English blank verse epic as possible. From his earliest youth he considered English poetry to be in a state of pitiful decline, and spared no insult for its contemporary practitioners like Wordsworth (whom he called “Turdsworth”) and Robert Southey.
Robert Southey was then poet laureate and a favorite of the monarchy, but he made a fatal mistake picking a fight with Byron. Poor Southey had written a poem called A Vision of Judgement about the recently deceased King George III being accepted into Heaven, and in it, he threw a few jabs at Byron’s “satanic” lifestyle. Byron responded with his own definitive THE Vision of Judgement, in which Saint Peter casts Southey out of Heaven the moment the poet starts reciting his own defense of King George.
"Saint Peter, who has hitherto been known
For an impetuous saint, upraised his keys,
And at the fifth line knock’d the poet down;
Who fell like Phaeton, but more at ease,
Into his lake, for there he did not drown;
A different web being by the Destinies
Woven for the Laureates final wreath, whene’er
Reform shall happen either here or there.
He first sank to the bottom—like his works,
But soon rose to the surface—like himself;
For all corrupted things are buoy’d like corks,
By their own rottenness, light as an elf,
Or wisp that flits o’er a morass: he lurks,
It may be, still, like dull books on a shelf,
In his own den, to scrawl some ‘Life’ or ‘Vision,’
As Welborn says—‘the devil turn’d precisian.’"
It is easily the harshest roast in the history of English poetry. Southey was so completely obliterated by it that his work is still out of print two centuries later.
Besides his devastating wit, Byron could tell a good story. During his lifetime, his narrative poems sold by the thousands in the original and in translation. They seduced everyone from the most brainless French schoolgirl to Goethe. And though they’re hardly read today, this collection does include one of Byron’s most perfect short narrative works.
Beppo is Don Juan in miniature. Ninety-nine stanzas of ottava rima with Byron’s unmistakable voice of light-hearted humor, cosmopolitanism, and constant digression. It is ostensibly the Venetian story of what happens at home when a man is presumed lost at sea, but the story is really just a vehicle for Byron’s comparisons between English and Italian morals and their attitudes to adultery. You can probably imagine whose society Byron preferred. The Italians and every other European race returned the preference, then and now. And today, while the English still turn their noses up at him, public monuments to Byron can be found all over Europe.
Recommendation – 3/5
Byron is still a controversial figure, and there must be plenty of people who refuse to read him on moral grounds. There can be plenty of objections to his character – to how he lived his life and to his general harshness and pessimism. And his character is so transparently seen in his work that it remains his biggest refutation today. After all, our own age is probably just as morally condescending and judgmental as Byron’s, if not more.
But if you’re not easily offended and prefer poetry that is energetic and shrewd, then you can do no better than Byron. This small selection features plenty of his most famous shorter works, as well as two longer pieces I have already mentioned Beppo and The Vision of Judgment. Byron’s two great long works, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimmage and Don Juan are absent. They are, by common consensus, his best stuff, but they're just too long to be included in this slim volume.
Personal – 5/5
Byron has been my favorite poet since childhood. There were a few years where I deliberately neglected him, because I came under the influence of literary highbrows who would say that an inordinate appreciation of his poetry is juvenile. But fuck them. Byron would’ve ripped them apart in verse, as he did every stuck up, boring snob in his own day, and anyway, you should like what you like.
I like Byron’s poetry because it’s forceful and vivid, while always remaining easy to read. It’s always sharp - nothing about Byron was ever dull. And I like Byron’s character because he’s incomparably fascinating. He was a genius poet and a crazy rake, a society dandy and a fierce rebel who ended his days on a wild expedition to liberate Greece from the Turks.
It’s hard to imagine that Byron’s fame will ever again reach the heights it reached in his own lifetime. At one point Byron was the second most famous name in Europe after Napoleon. With that in mind, I bring up a reflection Arthur Conan Doyle once made about Napoleon:
“If the effect is inconclusive and natural, I may excuse myself by saying that after studying all the evidence which was available, I was still unable to determine whether I was dealing with a great hero or with a great scoundrel. Of the adjective only could I be sure.”
The lines could have been written about Byron.