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التفكير المتجدد: استخدامات التفكير الجانبي

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This is Edward de Bono's original portrayal of a mental process which he in no way claims to have invented, In it he deliberately uses the lateral approach (with intriguing visual examples in one chapter) to sketch in the nature of lateral thinking.

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About the author

Edward de Bono

233 books1,146 followers
Edward de Bono was a Maltese physician, author, inventor, and consultant. He is best known as the originator of the term lateral thinking (structured creativity) and the leading proponent of the deliberate teaching of thinking in schools.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 32 reviews
Profile Image for Hussain Hamadi.
496 reviews756 followers
Currently reading
May 12, 2020
قمت بإضافة النسخة العربية للكتاب
مع تمنياتي للجميع بالفائدة
Profile Image for Kate.
115 reviews2 followers
November 16, 2017
I found the overall theme of lateral thinking to be interesting, in parts it felt very repetitive and I occasionally got lost but quickly found my way back. You have to be in the right frame of mind to read this book. The first time I started it felt like trudging through peanut butter, the second time I read it fully and in two days.
Profile Image for Skyler.
12 reviews25 followers
November 26, 2019
Really enjoyed this short, but helpful book. Formalizes some things I already knew, but in a quick and easy to digest format. Will be reviewing the highlights from this regularly. Minus a star because it could've probably been at least half the length. Regardless, found it helpful and hope to incorporate some of the techniques more regularly.
Profile Image for RosaDG.
538 reviews1 follower
August 30, 2019
Almost half a century after its first publication, this introduction to the concept of "lateral thinking", focuses on exposing several concepts associated with that main concept developed by the author, as well as mentioning several examples from famous characters or inventions where the generation of new ideas were the result of moving away from the rigidity of traditional logical thinking or "vertical thinking" as the author names it.

According to De Bono, the use of "lateral thinking", unlike vertical, is what allows us to address problems or issues that arise, in a different way, without binding on previous ideas and allowing new points of view or even chance can help us to be more creative.
Profile Image for Babak.
10 reviews15 followers
August 31, 2010
The content is slightly repetitive but useful...
Profile Image for Alexander Skakunov.
82 reviews121 followers
September 6, 2015
Интересные примеры, особенно из истории науки. А разбирать процесс мышления на составляющие — дело неблагодарное.
215 reviews
March 8, 2017
Es buen libro, da muy buenas ideas y enseña a conocernos mejor
Profile Image for Antonio Gallo.
Author 6 books55 followers
November 28, 2016
Quanti tipi di pensiero conoscete? Voi mi risponderete che conoscete solo quello vostro. Invece ce ne sono più di quanti ne possiamo pensare. Pensiero positivo, pensiero negativo, pensiero filosofico, scientifico, economico, politico, storico, regolare, irregolare, orizzontale, lineare, verticale, distorto ... Chissà quanti ne mancano in questo mio improvvisato elenco, fino ad arrivare a quello definitivo, nel senso che sbarra tutte le strade a possibili scelte e così si chiude il discorso con il pensiero unico.

Che cos'è il pensiero unico? È la "trasposizione in termini ideologici, che si pretendono universali, degli interessi di un insieme di forze economiche, e specificamente di quelle del capitale internazionale". Quindi figlio del pensiero economico generico. (Ignacio Ramonet) Già, perché ogni pensiero che vi ho citato, è capace di generare "figli". Capirete, allora, che le stirpi si moltiplicano e la confusione aumenta. Il fatto è che ogni "pensiero pensato" non è tale se non si appoggia a qualcosa che lo rende vivo e attivo.

Ho voluto fare questa lunga premessa per chiarire prima a me stesso e poi a chi avrà la ventura di leggermi, quanto siano difficili e impervie le strade che è costretta a percorrere la nostra mente per far ritrovare uno spazio di vita sicuro al proprio pensiero. Per uscire da questo ginepraio Edward de Bono creò l'espressione "pensiero laterale", per indicare quei processi che non tengono conto di un ragionamento che lui chiama "verticale", ma che io preferisco definire "lineare", al quale siamo abituati. Il pensiero cosiddetto "verticale" si compone, di ragionamenti logici e razionali, mentre il pensiero "laterale" presuppone l'abbandono di tutto ciò che sembra ovvio e scontato per lasciare libertà al pensiero, al fine di trovare una soluzione brillante. Tutto questo per arricchire la nostra creatività.

Quando ci troviamo di fronte ad un problema da risolvere, abbiamo tendenzialmente due alternative: affrontarlo frontalmente per rimuovere l’ostacolo diretto, oppure affrontarlo in modo “trasversale”, o come si usa dire, “aggirando l’ostacolo”. Facile da dire, un po’ più difficile da fare! Siamo abituati da sempre ad utilizzare la soluzione diretta: se c’è, è forse la via più breve, ma non sempre c’è o è immediata e questo ci mette nei pasticci. Aggirare l’ostacolo non significa rimandare o evitare il problema. Significa compiere un’azione che apparentemente non ha nulla a che vedere con la soluzione del problema, ma che ha come risultato quello di spostare o annullare il problema stesso. Da cui la soluzione viene da sé.

Per individuare soluzioni trasversali attraverso il pensiero laterale, occorre anzitutto allargare la prospettiva: guardare a fianco, appunto. In questo modo si può vedere il problema da un’angolatura diversa e si aumentano le possibilità di azione.

“Il pensiero laterale procede da una serie di fatti, non da supposizioni. Il pensiero laterale di fatto non fa presupposti, anzi i presupposti iniziali limitano le possibilità di soluzione”.

De Bono identifica quattro fattori critici associati al pensiero laterale: riconoscere le idee dominanti che polarizzano la percezione di un problema, cercare maniere differenti di guardare le cose, allentare il controllo rigido del pensiero lineare, usare ogni chance per incoraggiare altre idee.

La definizione di pensiero laterale viene coniata da E. De Bono verso la metà degli anni sessanta, e con questa si intende un diverso utilizzo, più creativo, dell’intelletto. Un passo indietro: nella storia da Aristotele in poi la facoltà esercitata dalla ragione, ovvero la logica, viene “osannata” come lo strumento principe di cui l’intelletto si serve, per l’appunto. L’assunto che conferisce forza al pensiero laterale, si traduce nel fatto che il carattere di imprevedibilità delle nuove idee, già di per sé fa capire come queste ultime possono non essere necessariamente l’esito di ragionamenti guidati dalla logica.

De Bono nella sua trattazione fa riferimento al pensiero verticale per definire il metodo logico e, a quello laterale, per delineare il metodo altro. Pensiero laterale ancora non solo impiegato per la soluzione di problemi, ma anche per inforcare “nuovi occhiali” con i quali guardare la realtà circostante e sé stessi, oltre che interessarsi di idee nuove di qualsiasi foggia esse siano.

La mente dell’uomo interpreta ciò che le accade secondo il criterio della probabilità ed è l’esperienza e la necessità dello "hic et nunc", a determinare il maggiore o minore grado di tale probabilità. Alla luce di quanto appena descritto, il pensiero verticale si “struttura” attraverso il criterio della massima probabilità. Un classico esempio per spiegare quanto sopra, è quello del millepiedi: esso non si “muoverebbe” più se dovesse divenire consapevole delle sue mille zampette, e per ciascuna di esse essere consapevole della meccanica del movimento che le sottende.

Riassumendo: il pensiero verticale si “attiva” nella condizione in cui ci sia una direzione da imboccare, necessita di una correttezza step by step, è un processo finito e ricalca i percorsi con il più alto tasso di probabilità. Il pensiero laterale invece, si “attiva” per crearne una di direzione, non necessita della ortodossia step by step, può esplicarsi a salti ed indaga anche vie con minor tasso di probabilità.

Per concludere ecco esempi di esercizi per “allenare” il pensiero laterale sui quali potersi cimentare per la “sezione”rispettivamente del:

Pensiero laterale realistico: una donna cammina sull’acqua, come si spiega? L’acqua in quel punto è profonda 6 metri, la donna cammina effettivamente sull’acqua, non indossa scarpe speciali. Risposta: la donna cammina su di una superficie di lago ghiacciato.
Pensiero laterale surreale: un cavallo senza cavaliere vola sopra una terra ed atterra su di un uomo, il quale sparisce, come si spiega? Risposta: trattasi di una mossa del gioco degli scacchi.

Sin da quando, negli anni sessanta, la teoria del "pensiero laterale" cominciò a diffondersi in Inghilterra, ho avuto modo di seguirla e in alcune situazioni di studio e ricerca utilizzare. Ricordo che nell'ospedale mentale nel quale trascorsi oltre due anni di lavoro, in quegli anni il prof. Smith, nostro tutor del corso per infermieri, ci introdusse a questa applicazione per affrontare nel modo migliore le varie e difficili situazioni nelle quali potevamo trovarci nel nostro lavoro quotidiano con pazienti. Questi, oltre ad avere gravi problemi mentali, soffrivano anche di serie complicazioni fisiche. Era importante per chi doveva trascorrere con loro intere giornate di assistenza e terapia sapere escogitare modi e sistemi per risolvere problemi di svariata natura.

Fu allora che imparai ad apprezzare l'intelligenza del granchio ... In natura questo piccolo animale vive in buche che scava sulle spiagge. Esse possono arrivare ad una profondità di circa 30 centimetri, come gallerie che in genere hanno più di una via di uscita e sono costruite in modo tale che riescano a reggere ai continui movimenti dell'acqua dovuti alle maree oppure ai continui cambiamenti di livello che si hanno sulle rive dei fiumi. I granchi camminano lateralmente per muoversi agevolmente all'interno di queste gallerie, senza l'intralcio delle chele. Ecco la sintesi in volgare del "pensiero laterale"... https://goo.gl/yhUP2V
Profile Image for Searchingthemeaningoflife Greece.
1,227 reviews31 followers
October 23, 2022
[...]Τα μαγικά, τα οποία βλέπουμε στη σκηνή, δημιουργούν μια τεχνητή κατάσταση, που δείχνει όμως πολύ καθαρά πόσο εύκολο είναι να εκμεταλλευτεί κανείς τους ανθρώπους, που χρησιμοποιούν μόνο τον κατακόρυφο τρόπο σκέψης των υψηλών πιθανοτήτων. Απατεώνες, πωλητές, πολιτικοί και επαγγελματίες ρήτορες κάθε είδους, θα έμεναν πολύ γρήγορα χωρίς δουλειά, αν το μυαλό δεν ήταν πιο φυσικό να ακολουθεί την κατακόρυφη σκέψη παρά την πλάγια σκέψη. Η επιτυχία τους εξαρτάται από το πόσο ικανοί είναι να υποδεικνύουν το δρόμο των υψηλών πιθανοτήτων, που τους ταιριάζει με κατάλληλη έμφαση μάλιστα μπορούν να δημιουργήσουν ένα δρόμο υψηλών πιθανοτήτων εκεί όπου δεν υπήρχε πριν. (Μ᾿ αυτό το σκεπτικό δε θα ήταν πολύ χρήσιμο να ορίσουμε το μονοπάτι υψηλών πιθανοτήτων, σαν το μονοπάτι που τελικά θα ακολουθούσαν οι περισσότεροι άνθρωποι, γιατί αυτό θα ήταν μια ταυτολογία. Η υψηλή πιθανότητα ορίζεται, σε ένα λειτουργικό και νευρολογικό επίπεδο, ως η ιδιαίτερη έλξη που παρουσιάζει ένα μονοπάτι, αποτέλεσμα της εξοικείωσης και κάτω από την επήρ��ια κινήτρων της στιγμής). Η πείρα δεν μπορεί εύκολα να μεταλλαγεί, αλλά χρησιμοποιώντας τις δυνατότητες δημιουργίας κινήτρων, οι πιθανότητες μπορούν να αλλάξουν αποτελεσματικά. [...]

🪶 Ο καλλιτέχνης είναι πάντα ανοιχτός σε ιδέες, επιδράσεις και την τύχη. Ο καλλιτέχνης θέλει να αποκτήσει μια πλατιά γνώση των πραγμάτων. Ο καλλιτέχνης προσπαθεί να ξεφύγει από την αποδεκτή θεώρηση των πραγμάτων με μια συχνά συνειδητή χρησιμοποίηση του παράλογου. Η λατρεία της ψυχεδελικής εμπειρίας είναι μια ηθελημένη προσπάθεια να βαθύνει τη γνώση για να βρει πιο σημαντικούς τρόπους εξέτασης των πραγμάτων. ΄Ολα αυτά δεν είναι μήπως η πραγματική ουσία της πλάγιας σκέψης. ]
Profile Image for Monika.
19 reviews
December 28, 2020
Idee zaprezentowane w książce są sensowne, jednakże pomimo i tak bardzo skromnej objętości sprawia ona wrażenie zbyt rozwlekłej w stosunku do ilości przekazanej treści. Przedstawiona koncepcja myślenia lateralnego z samej swej natury nie do końca daje się przedstawić w skondensowany sposób, ale nawet biorąc to pod uwagę uważam, że ta konkretna pozycja jest jednocześnie zbyt długa i zbyt krótka. Zbyt długa jak na to, że wydaje się być tylko wstępem do dziedziny (co być może było intencją autora, ponieważ z tego co widzę napisał on o wiele więcej prac na ten temat), a zbyt krótka, ponieważ wystarczyło w niej miejsca przede wszystkim na ogólniki. Mimo wszystko mogę ją polecić, zwłaszcza osobom, które nie miały dotychczas zbyt wiele styczności z psychologią poznawczą.
Profile Image for Trish.
6 reviews
November 27, 2023
I picked up this book randomly, but the insights were fascinating and exactly what I need at this moment. The myriad of analogies and examples were brilliant to illustrate why new idea generation can prove complex. Even merely reading this started to alter my pathways of thinking; questioning where I had begun to settle for the 'conventional idea'. I did find some points were a little overemphasised or even dragged out ad naueseum. However, looking forward to reading more by this author!
Profile Image for Colin.
344 reviews15 followers
June 25, 2021
A justly celebrated argument for a more creative method of thinking. De Bono, who recently passed away at the time of writing this review, made his reputation for popularising "lateral thinking" through this and many other books. This one is clearly explained and although more examples would have been helpful, it is a plausible and well presented case. Highly recommended.
Profile Image for Leon van den Berg.
9 reviews31 followers
January 14, 2022
Using hard logic (vertical thinking) leads to arguing. On social media that's antisocial. Cooperating socially toward fresh insights & ideas is what each book of Edward de Bono (1933-2021) is all about, especially 'The Use of Lateral Thinking', 'Po, Beyond Yes and No', & 'Six Thinking Hats'. After all, lateral thinking fits the internet like a glove.
Profile Image for Imroze Aslam.
80 reviews10 followers
September 21, 2022
It covers a lot of tips and insights about lateral thinking that are useful for everyone and would really help me in research and problem-solving. Overall it was nice, but the middle portion with patterns example felt repetitive and boring.
23 reviews
March 31, 2024
My first encounter with lateral thinking and I recognised myself in this book. I believe I am a natural lateral thinker. It is very important because "Am I mad?" is a normal question and de Bono simply said no, I think differently.
Profile Image for Helena Nahirna.
199 reviews5 followers
May 2, 2025
Как по мне, книга ни о чем. Предположу лишь, что если её грамотно подать подросткам - много фактов и историй случайного успеха - их это развлечения. Но не научит ни думать, ни дисциплине, ни мотивирует. Так что - много широко известных фактов и не более. Не купила бы такой книги, жаль деревьев ...
1 review
May 18, 2024
Having several perspectives on a situation opens the way to the best resolution. Not everything is thought out.
1 review
June 12, 2011
Цитаты из книги.

Фигурально выражаясь, шаблонное мышление - это углубление одной и той же ямы; нешаблонное - это попытка копать где-то в другом месте. Нежелание оставлять выкопанную наполовину яму объясняется отчасти тем, что жаль усилий, затраченных на ее создание. К тому же гораздо проще продолжать делать уже начатое, чем пытаться выяснить, нельзя ли сделать что-либо другое?

Основная опасность использования гипотезы, которая наверняка не соответствует действительности, заключается в том, что она может препятствовать появлению лучшей. Благодаря постоянному применению и некоторой доли полезности такой гипотезы ее несоответствие действительной ситуации постепенно забывается, поскольку живое сравнение с первоначальной ситуацией также вскоре забылось.

Нелегко отказаться от знакомых фигур, неоднократно доказавших свою полезность. В таких случаях нас часто связывает чувство долга по отношению к этим фигурам. Мы быстро забываем о произвольной природе фигуры, которую теперь воспринимаем как открытие, в то время как она была создана просто для упрощения описания. Каждый раз, когда мы оказываемся перед необходимостью описать какую-то незнакомую фигуру, мы тратим много усилий на то, чтобы перепробовать всевозможные сочетания хорошо знакомых фигур, вместо того чтобы взять новую фигуру. Но с течением времени с необходимостью возникает вопрос о природе самих знакомых фигур, а не о том, как они складываются для объяснения ситуации.

Наличие слов и названий фиксирует способ, с помощью которого конкретная ситуация может быть рассмотрена. В результате динамическая неопределенность нешаблонного мышления, которое непрерывно образует, раскладывает и перестраивает части ситуации в самые разнообразные формы, исчезает, а вместе с ней исчезает и возможность найти лучший способ подхода к ситуации.

Жесткость словоупотребления всегда связана с жесткостью классификации. Жесткость классификации в свою очередь приводит к отсутствию гибкости во взгляде на вещи.

Один из способов избежать жесткости слов заключается в том, чтобы мыслить на основе наглядных образов, не пользуясь словами вообще. Опираясь на эти образы, человек вполне способен мыслить последовательно. Трудности возникают лишь тогда, когда мысль нужно выразить словами.

Тем не менее привычку к визуализации мышления стоило бы приобрести, ибо зрительные образы обладают такой подвижностью и пластичностью, какой не обладают слова.

This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Profile Image for Peter O'Brien.
171 reviews8 followers
March 8, 2016
“Since Aristotle, logical thinking has been exalted as the one effective way in which to use the mind. Yet the very elusiveness of new ideas indicates that they do not necessarily come about as a result of logical thought processes. Some people are aware of another sort of thinking which is most easily recognised when it leads to those simple ideas that are obvious only after they have been thought of. This book is an attempt to look at this sort of thinking and to show that it is quite distinct from logic and often more useful in generating new ideas. For the sake of convenience, the term ‘lateral thinking’ has been coined to describe this other sort of thinking: ‘vertical thinking’ is used to denote the conventional logical process.” – page 5

The Use of Lateral Thinking is a concise and very accessible book which I would absolutely recommend to everything as it is a road map for a broader and more creative process of thinking, ideation and problem-solving that can be applied in all areas of life. Edward de Bono writes with an ease and expertise which clearly conveys some of the more abstract components of lateral thinking. I would be lying If I was to say that the book is not at all repetitive, because it is very much so, but is this is just as well as an effective application of the lateral thinking process requires continual practice and repetition.

I have recently come to terms with the fact that I am by nature more of a lateral thinker than a vertical one. I have applied lateral thinking very strongly in my own process of education and creative application and have always experienced a more vibrant and cohesive result as a result of thinking more freely and broadly. Therefore, I very passionately endorse the process of lateral thinking and the handy bite-size gem which de Bono has written about how to to go about using it!
Profile Image for Tal Taran.
387 reviews51 followers
February 24, 2016
Dipped into it sporadically...

“Everyone has the right to doubt everything as often as he pleases and the duty to do it at least once. No way of looking at things is too sacred to be reconsidered. No way of doing things is beyond improvement.”

If this is the first book on creative thinking you've read then it might be a useful or if you fancy some background reading it could be enjoyable... If you want to think in new and creative ways - I would recommend a more modern and punchy book:

Whatever You Think, Think the Opposite
Profile Image for Alfonso.
45 reviews
July 7, 2015
Un libro interesante que expone una manera complementaria de pensamiento además de la lógica que saca ventaja del caos y del azar. Mi cita favorita: ¿por qué los niños dejan de jugar? Se podría deber al hecho de que el mundo pasa de ser un lugar desconocido en el que suceden cosas maravillosas a un lugar conocido en el que hay una explicación adecuada para todo.
Una guía para el desafío de generar el pensamiento creativo.
18 reviews2 followers
April 29, 2008
a rapid, note-taking read in a hostel in north England. great if you like to think about how to think. and why you might want to think differently than you do.
Profile Image for Ahmad.
82 reviews25 followers
August 3, 2011
Will convince you of the existance of lateral thinking and its merits.

A lot of good points but that's about it.
Profile Image for Michael D.
319 reviews6 followers
August 6, 2011
Diverting for an afternoon. Some interesting things on ALexander Fleming and the importance of chance in invention.
Profile Image for Mohamed Kamal.
40 reviews6 followers
July 17, 2013
لم يقدم ماده تحترم, اسلوب غير جاذب بالمره حال معظم المترجمات
37 reviews4 followers
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March 24, 2014
كتاب رائع، يستحق إعادة القراءة

الترجمة جيدة على الرغم من صعوبة الكتاب
ترجمة: نايف الخوص. بعنوان: التفكير الجانبي كسر للقيود المنطقية

ومع هذا سأقرأه إن شاء الله بلغته الأصلية إن استطعت الحصول عليها
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