The War of Jugurtha
By Sallust (86 to 35 BC)
“Jugurtha” is Solluste’s second work of History.
Events took place in Numidia (now Algeria) in North Africa in the years from 111 to 105 BC.
The story is fiction in detail but historical in background.
Jugurtha was the son of King Micipsa’s brother who had died when Jugurtha was still a child.
King Micipsa adopted the boy and raised him together with his sons, and they grew up together like brothers.
It soon became apparent that Jugurtha was superior in every way, physically and mentally to the King’s natural sons, and the King realized the danger for his sons after his death.
He sent Jugurtha to Rome to join the Roman army at some point of conflict with the secret hope that he would get killed there. But this did not turn out as the King had hoped. The opposite happened. Roman Generals trained Jugurtha, and he soon became a valuable soldier and officer himself.
After King Micipsa died, events quickly exceeded his worst nightmares.
Jugurtha, the now rogue prince, returned to Numidia and claimed the throne for himself. He had Hlempsal, Micipsa’s younger son, murdered and threatened the older one Adherbal, with the same fate. Adherbal could escape and turn to the Roman Senate for help. The Senate, after lengthy hesitations, could not refuse help to the rightful prince and heir to the throne.
And so, Rome, little by little, got engaged in a war against Jugurtha, which was to last several years. Jugurtha turned out to be a superior general to several Roman opponents and turned many battles to his advantage. Roman armies, over several years, lost precious lives and armaments.
The author provides the reader with insight into Roman politics, explaining how Marius, a commoner, had gained the unlikely position of Consul. This promotion and his limitless ambition made Marius replace a complacent Metellus who had been unsuccessfully fighting Jugurtha in Numidia.
Sallust’s vivid descriptions of battles, intrigues and treasons are superior to many other classic or even modern writers.
Leading Jugurtha into a trap, killing his numerous bodyguards, and laying chains on him, is the result of treason. Bocchus, King of Mauretania and Jugurtha’s associate arranged the fateful meeting.
Sylla, at the time still only an officer, dispatched by Marius, was the decisive link to Bocchus.
Sylla, in this arrangement, risked his life as it was uncertain, up to the last minute, who would be victorious and who would be the other’s prisoner.
Bocchus was known to change his mind often and swiftly.
This work is a ‘must-read’ for any readers of Latin classic literature.
It is on the level of “War of the Gauls” by Julius Caesar.