"I, too, opened my mouth to praise--
But a silence wedged my gullet.
"Like an obsidian dagger, dry, jag-edged,
A silent lump of volcanic glass,
"The scream
Vomited itself."
-Ted Hughes, from Cave Birds, published 1975
Hughes's poems remind me of his friend Seamus Heaney's. Both Hughes and Heaney favored a harsh-sounding, monosyllable-dense, Anglo-Saxon-derived vocabulary, shunning the urban sophistication of Latinate polysyllables. Both Hughes and Heaney traced their spiritual lineage back to the Vikings and other early northern Europeans. Both Hughes's and Heaney's poems are rooted in non-urban settings.
But whereas Heaney liked to evoke the comforting domesticity of hearth-lit farmhouses and manure-scented fields, the young Hughes's darker nature gravitated toward more forbidding non-arable terrain, reveling in northern lands that are craggy and ice-crusted, uncultivated and unpeopled. In his poetry, Heaney comes across as gregarious and sociable, whereas Hughes's poetic persona seems more at home among wild animals than among his fellow human beings. While Heaney was dogged by his Catholic roots, Hughes practiced a less internally conflicted and more primitive form of religion, as exemplified by his soaring lyric "The Risen."
Scarred by the suicides of his famous wife Sylvia Plath and his less famous but equally literary lover Assia Wevill, Hughes exhibited an ambiguous attitude toward eros. This ambiguity is displayed most strikingly in "Lovesong" and "The Lovepet" (two poems from Hughes's groundbreaking 1970 collection Crow) and "Bride and Groom Lie Hidden for Three Days" (a poem from Cave Birds). Each of these three poems revolves around a pair of archetypal characters, simply referred to as "he" and "she." In "Lovesong" and "The Lovepet," this couple discovers, to their horror, that Eros is ravenous, grasping, a taker rather than a giver. In "Bride and Groom Lie Hidden for Three Days," the truth they awaken to is the exact opposite.
When writing about les femmes, Hughes preferred to speak in pared-down parables, shying away from the "confessional" mode of verse that was in vogue across the Atlantic. Only in the last decade of his life did Hughes begin publishing poems that openly addressed the topic of his marriage to Plath. These late poems, eventually collected in book form under the title Birthday Letters, give us readers the rare privilege of seeing Plath through Hughes's eyes: as an ambitious but troubled woman, radiant with courage and charisma, enhaloed in Hughes's memory as she stands on a hay-bale reciting Chaucer to a spellbound audience of cows ("Chaucer").
I think that, aside from being Plath's husband, Hughes will primarily be remembered for his poems about nature and about war vets. There are quite a few gut-punch poems about war vets in this volume: "A Motorbike" is, perhaps, the best. It's Hughes's nature poems like "Sheep," though, that are the most visceral and most moving: "The sheep has stopped crying./All morning in her wire-mesh compound/On the lawn, she has been crying/For her vanished lamb..." Generally, when Hughes writes about animals, it is with deep compassion. Only rarely does he lapse in cruelty, as in this rude bit from a poem about a cow that has just been dehorned:
"...The bitchy high-headed
Straight-back brindle, with her Spanish bull trot,
And her head-shaking snorting advance and her crazy spirit,
Will have to get maternal. What she's lost
In weapons, she'll have to make up for in tits."
Whether he is shocking you, saddening you, or making you laugh (something he does do occasionally, as in his prescient poetic rant about over-reliance on technology, "Do Not Pick Up the Telephone"), Hughes is a talent it is impossible to be indifferent to.