When it comes to the classical poets of the ancient Mediterranean civilisations I've long been more familiar with those who wrote in Latin. I've read in translation Juvenal, Martial, Horace, Ovid, Propertius, Tibullus, Virgil and my most favoured of all, Catullus. The last poet inspired my appreciation in part because of his explicit and passionate love poetry, in part because he spoke to sexual desire and its experience in ancient Rome. That one of his most important poetic inspirations was the Greek poet Sappho gave me one reason to read Searching for Sappho: The Lost Songs and World of the First Woman Poet. Her work and life (as far as they can both be reconstructed) reflected her own passions, her experiences. Furthermore, unlike Catullus the corpus of Sappho's poetry is very fragmentary, hence raising issues as to the provenance and transmission of what remains approximately 2700 years after she lived. So this book piqued my general curiosity as to classical literature.
That Freeman's rather impressive book makes a very good fist indeed of addressing these two core interests of mine, whilst also offering some very useful insights into ancient Greek social history, including the lives of women and matters pertaining to marriage, the family, sexuality, children. The author also does a good job at exploring the literary tradition and value of Sappho's work, additionally including a translated collection of all her existing poetry and fragments. I would like to suggest this book will be the go to text for anyone wanting a non-academic volume on the lyric poet. Furthermore Freeman's prose is engaging and clear, and he has utilised appropriate and valuable research and annotations for his book.
It must be noted that there is something of a problem with Searching for Sappho: The Lost Songs and World of the First Woman Poet in that Freeman is trying to write on and about Sappho and her work, and because of the paucity of and gaps in evidence for his subject he often has to make some assumptions that lead to some contradictions in his work. Early in the book he speaks to the uniqueness of Sappho's life and work, including both its chronological context (7th Century BCE Lesbos) and that one should be cautious of applying potentially anachronistc views on Sappho including the universality of the male representation of her career and poetry. Freeman then goes on to reference numerous male writers from all over the Graeco-Roman world for information about and perspectives on Sappho, thus contradicting himself somewhat. It's an understandable and reasonable modus operandi, however I would suggest that Freeman might have been better off including in his book at an early stage an examination of the representational traditions of those who've written of and/or about Sappho in the years after her death. This might have included a summary of 'received' ideas about her life and poetry, including of course her iconic or legendary status as a 'lesbian'.
It must be said that the subtitle of this book, 'The Lost Songs and World of the First Female Poet' underplays the importance of these two elements of Freeman's exploration of Sappho's life and work, in terms of the substance of the book. There are some solid points made about the transmission history of Sappho's poetry, and it's great to read of the recent discoveries that have added to her extant corpus. Where Freeman really makes plenty of hay in his text is the discussion of how one might understand the world and lives of ancient Greeks, or more specifically ancient Greek women.
One particular point that caught my eye, and one that arguably goes to the heart of Sappho's historical identity is how Freeman spoke to her same-sex desires. In the chapter 'Loving Women' the author makes several important, highly relevant and I believe truthful statements vis-a-vis Ancient Greek constructs of sexual identity and desire. From noting the absence in their vocabulary for modern terms such as homosexual, to the fluidity of the way in which sexual desire could be expressed and how certain practices could be considered unacceptable based on social ideas alien to ours, Freeman is totally on target when assessing this important aspect of Sappho's 'lesbianism'. What is also highly important and impressive is that Freeman makes clear how male biases, both in terms of source material and academic examination, has made understanding and reconstruction same sex sexual desires and identities more challenging. All up Searching for Sappho: The Lost Songs and World of the First Woman Poet provides a very effective and clearly enunciated discussion of Sappho's possible sexual identity as well as how it may be conntextualised within a wider socio-sexual construct.
One final commendable aspect of this book is how Freeman, towards the end of his discussion of Sappho, looks at those female poets that came after her. This is a very important part of the book, in that Freeman does well to attempt to re-establish the work and reputations of the likes of Sulpicia etc, who have in many ways been forgotten or ignored. It provokes one to think about what other texts we have, what we have lost and what this might tell us about Ancient Greek and Roman socio-cultural lives.
Finally, Freeman is to be commended for including as much of Sappho's poetry as available when the book was published, in translation and with annotation. It is hard to delve too deeply in much of the corpus from a critical perspective because of the mostly fragmentary nature of the surviving poems. I will admit that I skimmed much of this part of the book because of the paucity of material. I believe Freeman and his editors should've annotated each poem, no matter how complete on the same page as they are printed, instead of leaving the notes at the back of the text. That fromatting approach would've rectified the issues with the translations as it stands.
All up Searching for Sappho: The Lost Songs and World of the First Woman Poet is a great book that deserves reading by anyone with more than a passing interest in Ancient History. It is a highly effective discussion, evaluation and documentation of Sappho's work and life, and of the social, cultural, political and feminine worlds she lived and worked in. This text is not perfect but it does so much to make sure the Lesbian poet is remembered, understood and valued.