One of the reasons I picked up Harsh Mander’s book “Looking Away” is that I did not resonate with the author’s ideology when I heard his lecture. It was difficult for me to believe that someone can operate from a space where he believes that giving, and not necessarily enabling, is a way to help the underprivileged. For the longest time, I wasn’t able to come to terms with how I felt after the lecture because it made me challenge my own beliefs that I felt strongly about. In my book review, I will share a summary of each of the sections and then share how the book shaped new beliefs and reinstated some of the existing beliefs.
The book is divided into three sections—the first section talks about the indifference towards the less privileged, the second section about the prejudice towards the minorities, and the third about compassion as a way to overcome both indifference and prejudice. The author starts the book by highlighting the inequality that exists in India and elucidates with facts. Some of the facts that really had me thinking was that India is home to the 5th highest number of billionaires, 3rd highest middle class population, and paradoxically, highest number of poor. The author then talks about the indifference towards the less privileged— what he defines as the migrants, poor, tribals—by the privileged—what he defines as “middle class”. He gives anecdotal examples to show that it’s normal for us to look past the slums, it’s normal for us to disrespect the maids in the house, and it’s normal for us to believe that the reality for the poor is different from ours, the middle class in that the dreams, hopes of the poor is different from ours.
The second part of the book talks about the prejudice that exists in India against minorities including Muslims. The author politicises the argument and openly talks about his strong hate towards the current government. The author shares that government’s model of economic development isn’t inclusive, that the policies implemented by the government are not for the ones who need it the most. While this section of the book was interesting, I found the entire argument or reasoning extremely political, and therefore, it was difficult for me to connect with author’s way of thinking.
The last section of the book suggests a humanistic approach to overcome inequality which is reflected by our indifferent and prejudiced actions. In this section, the author compels us to think that one of the strongest ways to overcome inequality is to empathise. He gives an example to define empathy beautifully—empathy starts with the heart—feeling the way others are feeling, goes on to the speech—speaking up against injustice—and ends with the hand—by taking action against what’s wrong or what needs to change. He goes on to say that to empathise you must imagine—imagine, if you can, the suffering of others and only then take action.
These three sections combined helped me challenge my existing opinions, develop some new, and reinstated some of the existing beliefs.
Before I read the book, I strongly felt that I am where I am today because of the hard work and commitment towards my career and my family. I felt so strongly that I took pride in having overcome some of the challenges in my personal life. Also, it’s because of this struggle that I upheld perseverance as a strong value and didn’t respect anyone who may not operate from the value. Therefore, I had believed that poor are poor because they are lazy and lack perseverance to achieve their dreams.
After reading the book, I realised that it’s not necessarily the capabilities but the opportunities that determine the future of an individual. I am compelled to think, what if I were born in a family that did not consider girl education important or where I had no access to basic health or education. What if I were born in a slum ? Would have I still been able to achieve all that I have today if I had less opportunities than I do now? I probably know the answer but do not want to fully accept it. Accepting the answer also makes me realise how privileged I am. Being surrounded by like minded people, I had come to imagine that the reality that exists for us is the only reality. With that understanding I had completely overlooked that reality that exists for the less privileged—what they struggle with everyday such as basic livelihood, education, and health is what I had taken for granted. Now, I am willing to accept that opportunities plays a pivotal role in determining the future of an individual.
In continuation with the first belief, I was also against affirmative action because I believed that meritocracy can help you get where you want, so you don’t necessarily need reservation. I now believe that it is not fair to compare the merit of a student who has been born into a family with all privileges such as access to health, education and freedom of
choice to that of a student who was raised in a family where even the basic necessities were not met. It’s almost like comparing the capabilities of girl child of a Dalit born in one of the backward districts of UP to a male child born into a family of doctors in Delhi. The girl child in this example did not get enough nutrition while growing up which affected her learning outcome; she probably had to walk around 5kms to the school where the teachers didn’t show up most of the days; the girl already expects that she will get married before she turns 18. Given that the opportunities are not the same, how can we expect the outcome to be the same. Therefore, I have changed my perspective to believe that it is important to have equity till we reach equality.
The third and the last shift was reinstating my existing belief that the change must start with the individual. My original idea of development aimed at developing a more conscious individual and its interconnectedness to other players in the system including the government, business, markets, and the environment. I believe that a more responsible individual can make the state responsible by practising his rights, the business more responsible by asking for more environment friendly products or processes, and the markets by demanding work that meet his/her higher goal. Harsh Mander reinstates my belief by stating that the current government acts the way it does because the individuals of the society have accepted it to be so. He further suggests that a government that cares can exist only in a society that cares. We can imagine a better society only when the ones who are privileged start speaking up or taking action towards the betterment of those who aren’t.