This rather curious work juxtaposes historical instances relating to humanity’s fascination with light over the millennia to provide a kind of overarching linked narrative for our contemplation.
Most of the physics of light has been achieved only within the last two centuries or so. Our interaction with it, of course, has been there for tens if not hundreds of thousands of years (and obviously even earlier than that, if one is to take in the vision-enhanced biological creatures which existed well before mankind arrived on the scene). Watson starts his discourse with the still occurring annual rituals held at dawn during the northern winter solstice at Stonehenge: the event celebrates and welcomes the expectation that the sun will stop its apparent movement away from the north, and begin its return journey to bring back increasing warmth and light.
From then on, the book looks at the why and the how of mankind’s relationship to light. Earliest reports suggest awe and mystery as the earliest reactions. Light became respected and revered as life-bringer and comforter. The sun, major (only?) light provider, became revered and eventually worshipped as some kind of god. Literature expounded on this mysterious substance; poets exalted it; philosophers pondered on it (even tinkering for a while on the idea that our eyes “projected” light onto the world around us); and so on. Light soon became a metaphor of all sorts of related things; and light as metaphor (for god, love, emotions, fervour, holiness, knowledge, ideas, ecstasy, etc.) readily became adopted into most writings on the subject.
Other areas relate to the use and applicability of light. How to make use of and/or imitate its shining and glitter were prized qualities. Reflecting surfaces of certain metals mimicked this quality and were used in buildings and architecture for that purpose; as were translucent materials constructed to allow light shine through them either unadorned, but more dramatically through stained glass to reflect “glory” and “spirituality” within those buildings. How to represent light in paintings is another area where astonishing effects can and have been achieved. Even the reproduction of a specific sequence of sounds in music (e.g. in Haydn’s The Creation) to create a sonic equivalent of light (if that actually means anything — after all, light is not noisy at all, but very silent indeed!).
The idea of capturing light also took on, mainly for the other benefits it provided. Artificial light, initially linked to fire, gas burning, and eventually to electricity. Capturing light through lenses to create magnifying glasses, then microscopes, and also of course telescopes, and these were refined over the centuries to reveal more and more astonishing never-before seen realities of our planet and our universe. Similar improvements in capturing light through it chemical reactions to certain elements enabled hard copies to be made and reproduced in photographs; and these used in turn to create the illusion of movement for motion pictures. Other uses of light from the quantum revolution in physics have contributed immensely to the use of LEDs, computers, the Internet, and the associated screens. Where would we be without light?
It is impossible to overemphasise the importance light has in our thoughts and imagination — after all, we have eyes which respond to specific stimulations provided by light, and in all probability we as a species developed these particular sense organs precisely because there was light in the first place. Of all our normal senses, sight is the one which provides us with an awareness of things at the furthest distance from our physical bodies; sounds and smells are comparatively close to us, while taste and touch are the most intimately connected to us. As to what exactly light is, however, still remains essentially a mystery.
In his Introduction Watson states that his book “attempts to reconcile the battles between science and humanities, between religion and doubt, between mathematics and metaphor”. His writing is elegant enough and easy to read, and I admire his intention, but for all that, I cannot say with any certainty that he has succeeded in his quest. At the same time, perhaps it is just that the dichotomies he wishes to reconcile are in fact irreconcilable — or maybe that is just me…