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Notities uit de gevangenis

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Wat betekent het als een samenleving in crisis verkeert? Welke rol hebben individuele denkers, maatschappelijke bewegingen en politieke partijen daarbij? Hoe valt de opkomst van charismatische eenlingen te verklaren? En is er ook een uitweg uit de crisis?

De Italiaanse marxist Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) was de belangrijkste stem van verzet tijdens het Italiaanse fascisme van een eeuw geleden. Het regime van Benito Mussolini probeerde hem monddood te maken en zette hem jarenlang achter de tralies. Maar Gramsci liet zich niet het zwijgen opleggen en schreef in de gevangenis een baanbrekende reeks notities over filosofie, politiek en cultuur die nog altijd actueel zijn. Gramsci liet zien hoe macht werkt in de moderne wereld.

104 pages, Paperback

Published April 21, 2026

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About the author

Antonio Gramsci

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Antonio Francesco Gramsci was an Italian Marxist philosopher, linguist, journalist, writer, and politician. He wrote on philosophy, political theory, sociology, history, and linguistics. He was a founding member and one-time leader of the Italian Communist Party. A vocal critic of Benito Mussolini and fascism, he was imprisoned in 1926, where he remained until his death in 1937.

During his imprisonment, Gramsci wrote more than 30 notebooks and 3,000 pages of history and analysis. His Prison Notebooks are considered a highly original contribution to 20th-century political theory. Gramsci drew insights from varying sources — not only other Marxists but also thinkers such as Niccolò Machiavelli, Vilfredo Pareto, Georges Sorel, and Benedetto Croce. The notebooks cover a wide range of topics, including the history of Italy and Italian nationalism, the French Revolution, fascism, Taylorism and Fordism, civil society, the state, historical materialism, folklore, religion, and high and popular culture.
Gramsci is best known for his theory of cultural hegemony, which describes how the state and ruling capitalist class — the bourgeoisie — use cultural institutions to maintain wealth and power in capitalist societies. In Gramsci's view, the bourgeoisie develops a hegemonic culture using ideology rather than violence, economic force, or coercion. He also attempted to break from the economic determinism of orthodox Marxist thought, and so is sometimes described as a neo-Marxist. He held a humanistic understanding of Marxism, seeing it as a philosophy of praxis and an absolute historicism that transcends traditional materialism and traditional idealism.

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