This is a book that breaks convention that you need protein to be healthy, to feel satiated,to lose weight and to be athletic, strong.
It's the journey of a prominent bariatric surgeon who once advocated a high protein, low carb diet but then also suffered with his own ailments of IBS and the metabolic syndrome. He was dismayed to "cure" his patients of obesity only to see them gain the weight back. So, he did his research and thoroughly dismantled the myth of low carb / high protein diets.
Since, he is plant based , he is now thriving and competing in Ironmans.
All you have to do nowadays is listen to personal trainers at the gym ( and even dietitians in my office)who tell their clients avoid carbs, and eat protein. Translation : turkey, chicken, eggs, salmon and lean beef. But protein is everywhere as it's a macromolecule in all food. When people refer to a "protein" food like a lean skinless chicken breast , (even organically free to range ) the majority of the calories are saturated fat.
But isn't it a good fat ? Well not really because we should have a ratio omega 6 to omega 3 of 1:1 -1:4 but you're really getting 15:1 .
Doesn't Salmon have omega 3? Yes , wild caught because they eat algae but not farm raised which eats grain . Wild also has PCBs and dioxin.
Along the way, Dr Davis encounters hostility from the Adkins/ Paleo people and goes into elaborate detail with several studies and biochemistry.
In essence we have evolved to use carbs as an energy source via Krebs cycle. I recall in undergrad, we jokingly said the " brain needs glucose ".
We should eat a diet more akin to an ape as we're really not carnivores. Look down. Do you see claws or have teeth long enough to rip through the hide of animal? Do you realize you're about 1/2 a chromosome from a chimpanzee?
Just listen to people answer this question, " what should a diabetic eat? "
You might say, "well I better cut out those carbs and eat more protein and you know, all of those good fats"
Well let's look at the science: when we eat meat, we are eating protein and fat. The protein raises insulin, which blocks fat mobilization from the cell and causes the consumed fat to enter the cell. When we eat an apple or potato, there is insulin secretion but no fat to be placed in the muscle cell. Insulin resistance is due to fat toxicity to the muscle cell.
What about weight loss?
How Adkins diet works : we store carbs as glycogen in liver and in muscles as emergency fuel source. On the diet, you are not consuming carbs so your body has to mobilize the glycogen to get sugar to fuel your cells. The glycogen is stored with water, so you also lose water weight. Then eventually you burn fat which causes ketosis and you get nauseated, constipated so you eat less. Eventually your body rebels and you crave carbs because that is the energy your body evolved to run on so you think you cheat ( but you're really not) and eat the carbs and gain back that water.
Of course the book goes into way more detail about it. Keep in mind Atkins died at 72 of ischemic cardiomyopathy, weighing 258. Whereas T Colin Campbell and Caldwell Esselstyn are thriving.
Regarding cancer , he implicates heterocyclic amines ( HCAs) found in meats will convert cancer cells from early stage to malignant. Also heme iron to N-nitroso compounds from meat into GI cancers. IGF1 found in milk which inhibit cell death,apoptosis.
Eggs which have very high choline causing prostate cancer to progress.
There are adverse kidney affects: Uric acid stones , hypertension, acidosis from excess amino acids.
Osteoporosis is interesting because most people think they should consume mass quantities of milk.
High animal protein intake causes increased acid ingestion via amino acids , so our body must use Calcium from bone and muscle as a buffer to keep the blood pH neutral.
Other interesting findings are the Blue Zones where it is not uncommon for people to live into the 100s.
In Okinawa , where they're predominantly carbohydrate based: yams , rice with rare fish.
7th Day Adventists of California who are predominantly vegetarian and lead an active lifestyle.
They have vegans , vegetarian, pescetarian, and some meat eaters ( but not in the proportions of typical America, more like the inverse: 80 %plant based.)
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Other topics, how does a vegan get protein?
Well, he details that most commonly asked question by going through his own diet as an example also some recipes . But the bottom line it's impossible to be protein deficient unless you're on a starvation diet.
He also describes the RDA and how we got to our current number which is 56 grams for men and 46 for women but we're really getting closer to 102 and 70 respectively
Interestingly, there appears to be a max level at which more protein does not mean more muscle.
So an athlete only needs 20 grams post workout for recovery.
A vegan's gut micro flora can synthesize the amino acids necessary at any given moment as demonstrated by high endurance athletes consuming only fruit . " if you think you cannot build muscle on bananas, I challenge you to pick a fight with an ape."
But aren't most diseases genetic? No, thankfully less than 10%. 90% are preventable from changes in environment, as in what you ingest.
So, you have a choice live like an Okinawan or fade out like a typical American. What people don't realize is the 10 years preceding the death of morbidity and healthcare expense .
As an internist , with a predominantly geriatric population base ( where it's not uncommon to be on 10-15 Rxs) I hope this book reaches out to more people.