These are comments on the 3rd edition, published in 2023...
In 2020 the world spent over $487 billion on training. But only about 15% of what people learn is ever transferred back into the actual jobs and workplaces (p.65). Maybe that is because people forget 80% of what they’ve learned, within 24 hours of learning it (p.156). Whatever the reasons, there are clearly serious practical and productivity issues surrounding learning, and it is those issues which this book tries to get to grips with.
Extending across 17 carefully targeted chapters, the author looks at different ways that encourage focusing, engagement and retention. Unusually for educational books, it isn’t just a record of ‘what works for me.’ The book tries to anchor its ideas in research, and particularly in research that focuses upon measurable brain activity (ie neuroscience).
So, we hear for example, that getting people to guess answers to a question, seems to make them more likely to remember what they go onto learn as the real answer to the question. This means that starting a training session by seeing what people already know about a topic is not just an ice breaker, but it can be an effective learning tool.
We also heard about the laws of unintended consequences. Putting up a sign such as ‘no smoking’ is more likely to make people think about smoking, and so it can have the opposite effect of what is intended. Just flashing the word ‘no’ on a screen, triggers stress and can inhibit engagement in learning, even if there is no context to the word ‘no.’ These kinds of insights tell us that even before we get to the content of training and learning, serious considerations need to be given to the contextual factors of how ideas are put, and conveyed.
The book contained new ideas, but it also reinforced some traditional wisdom. Is learning more effective when delivered in large doses, or through a model of little and often? Looking at the outcome of teaching typing, it was found that groups which had just an hour a day learned faster, and they were more accurate than groups that had several hours a day of training (p.188). This spaced learning, when combined with spaced revision, seems to be the most effective approach. Generations of teachers that have warned against last minute cramming, will feel relieved to be vindicated!
I enjoyed the book and found it helpful in making me think about a range of educational issues. I was also a little disappointed to not find more about digital learning. There are very real debates in schools about whether children should learn from physical text books, or whether they should learn from digital books. There are debates about whether it is better to take typed notes, or handwritten notes. There are even controversies surrounding whether tests deliver different results when taken digitally, to when taken on paper. Some of these issues are touched upon in the book, but I would have welcomed more detail, to inform and enable decision making.
Overall, this is a large book which aims to be relatively comprehensive. It is written in an easily accessible style which readers of any background can enjoy and benefit from. The book contains so many ideas that readers will inevitably find gems of personal interest.
(These are honest comments based on a free ARC version of the book).