also: Николай Лесков Nikolaj S. Leskow Nikolai Leskov Nikolai Lesskow Nikolaj Semënovič Leskov Nikolaĭ Semenovich Leskov Nikolai Ljeskow Н. С. Лѣсков-Стебницкий Микола Лєсков
Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov (Russian: Николай Семёнович Лесков; 16 February 1831 — 5 March 1895) was a Russian novelist, short story writer, playwright, and journalist who also wrote under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky. Praised for his unique writing style and innovative experiments in form, and held in high esteem by Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov and Maxim Gorky among others, Leskov is credited with creating a comprehensive picture of contemporary Russian society using mostly short literary forms. His major works include Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk (1865) (which was later made into an opera by Shostakovich), The Cathedral Clergy (1872), The Enchanted Wanderer (1873), and "The Tale of Cross-eyed Lefty from Tula and the Steel Flea" (1881).
Leskov was born at his parent's estate in Oryol Gubernia in 1831. He received his formal education at the Oryol Lyceum. In 1847 Leskov joined the Oryol criminal court office, later transferring to Kiev where he worked as a clerk, attended university lectures, mixed with local people, and took part in various student circles. In 1857 Leskov quit his job as a clerk and went to work for the private trading company Scott & Wilkins owned by Alexander Scott, his aunt's English husband. He spent several years traveling throughout Russia on company business. It was in these early years that Leskov learned local dialects and became keenly interested in the customs and ways of the different ethnic and regional groups of Russian peoples. His experiences during these travels provided him with material and inspiration for his future as a writer of fiction.
Leskov's literary career began in the early 1860s with the publication of his short story "The Extinguished Flame" (1862), and his novellas Musk-Ox (May 1863) and The Life of a Peasant Woman (September, 1863). His first novel No Way Out was published under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky in 1864. From the mid 1860s to the mid 1880s Leskov published a wide range of works, including journalism, sketches, short stories, and novels. Leskov's major works, many of which continue to be published in modern versions, were written during this time. A number of his later works were banned because of their satirical treatment of the Russian Orthodox Church and its functionaries. In his last years Leskov suffered from angina pectoris and asthma. He died on 5 March 1895. He was interred in the Volkovo Cemetery in Saint Petersburg, in the section reserved for literary figures.
Nije mi jasno: ove dve Ljeskovljeve priče prevedene su prema izdanju iz neke manastirske edicije duhovne proze, kod nas objavljene u ediciji pod nazivom "Čisti ponedeljak", blurb, onako, pravoslavan, a ovamo su priče - po meni barem - klot antiklerikalne, samo Ljeskov ne šiba po popovima otvoreno nego onako izokola. Da sad preskočim drugu priču koja je zaista samo proširena anegdota (i mnogo više antimilitaristička, a otrovno antiklerikalna postaje tek u epilogu), u samom Nekrštenom popu saznajemo da je jedini način da se postane dobar (za ljude, ne za crkvu) pop:
- da ste dete najgoreg zlodreka u selu - da vas odgaji pitomi jeretik koji je na korak od osnivanja vlastite sekte - da ste tako nežni da ne možete da podnesete život u manastirskoj zajednici
a da su ostali popovi koje viđamo krajnje moralno nepodobni za svoj poziv, i još spletkare protiv ovog jednog pristojnog pope.
Evo ne znam, možda se meni ta fina ironija samo priviđa -.-
Na stranu ta dilema: dobar je Ljeskov, samo nije za prvi ešalon svoga doba; ono, ako je Glišić srpski Gogolj, onda je Ljeskov ruski Glišić, nemojte samo da očekujete nešto u rangu... pa, Gogolja. :)
NIKOLAJ LESKOV, Il pope non battezzato, traduzione dal russo e dall’ucraino di Janna Petrova e Alberto Meschiari, L’Argonauta, 1993
Il nuovo abitante di questo mondo era un maschio, e per giunta senza alcuna deformità bestiale, come avrebbe voluto tutta la buona gente; ma era, al contrario, straordinariamente immacolato e bello, con una testolina nera e grandi occhi azzurri. A babka Kerasicha, che per prima portò fuori casa la notizia e giurava che il bambino non aveva né corna né codino, sputarono addosso, e volevano picchiarla.
Nei negozi di libri usati si trova sempre qualcosa, come ad esempio l’unica traduzione italiana del più ucraino dei racconti ucraini del più russo degli scrittori russi. Contrario alla politica zarista di russificazione che voleva negare l’esistenza di una lingua e letteratura ucraina indipendente, Leskov visse dieci anni a Kiev, interessandosi all’arte locale, alla cultura popolare e alla lingua parlata con i suoi giochi umoristici e burleschi. Interesse che risulta evidente leggendo questo divertente racconto, ambientato in un villaggio di cosacchi.
“E che cosa dovete ottenere?” “Che lui ci lasci il pope non battezzato, altrimenti noi saremo così infelici che ci faremo turchi.” “Come vi farete turchi? Ai turchi non è concesso di bere la vodka.” “E noi ce la berremo prima, tutta in una volta.” “Ma guarda, che furbi.”
Nikolai Leskows Novellen sind oft voller überraschenden Wendungen, aber in dieser Novelle passiert ab der Hälfte der Geschichte nichts Neues. Die Hauptfigur, der besagte ungetaufte Pope, ist zu barmherzig, zu perfekt, was mich umso mehr enttäuscht hat, als die Popen von Die Klerisei (Nikolai Leskow) voller lustigen Eigenheiten und Charakterschwächen waren. Macht nichts, ich lese weiter.
Случилась однажды в Малороссии примечательная история. Проведали люди о том, как жил в тех землях некрещёный поп. Выучился он на священника и служил в определённом для него месте. Не со зла ему того захотелось, так как не ведал он доподлинно деталей своего рождения. А может и не было ничего подобного, не разговорись одна из старух, будто бы ведает она о грехах родителей того попа. Стоит проследить, как именно Лесков подошёл к отражению такого события на страницах ещё одного своего произведения.
An excellent story, with a twist. It seems to be gearing up towards a very specific end-point, but it's actually quite different. All in all, it's a book about prejudice, kindness, and how awful humans can be. Highly recommended. Master storyteller.