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- Comprehensive reading and study guides for some of the world's most important literary masterpieces
- Concise critical excerpts provide a scholarly overview of each work
- "The Story Behind the Story" details the conditions under which the work was written
- Each book includes a biographical sketch of the author, a descriptive list of characters, an extensive summary and analysis, and an annotated bibliography

Contents:
Introduction
Biographical Sketch
The Story Behind the Story
List of Characters
Summary and Analysis
Critical Views:
---C.M. Bowra on the Characters
---Milman Parry on the Traditional Metaphor in Homer
---Eric Auerbach on Odysseus' Scar
---M.I. Finley on Morals and Values
---Albin Lesky on the Iliad's Materials and Composition
---Cedric H. Whitman on Homeric Character and the Tradition
---G.S. Kirk on a Reconsideration of the Plain Style
---Jasper Griffin on the Divine Audience and the Religion of the Iliad
---Seth L. Schein on Hector and Troy
---Mark W. Edwards on Symbolism
---Bernard Knox on the Gods and Heroes
---Joachim Latacz on the Theme of the Wrath of Achilles
---Albert Bates Lord on the Language of Arms and Arming
---Maureen Alden on the Shield of Achilles
---Margalit Finkelberg on the Social Perspective in the Iliad
Works by Homer
Annotated Bibliography
Contributions
Acknowledgments
Index

122 pages, Hardcover

First published February 1, 1988

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About the author

Harold Bloom

1,666 books2,214 followers
Harold Bloom was an American literary critic and the Sterling Professor of Humanities at Yale University. In 2017, Bloom was called "probably the most famous literary critic in the English-speaking world." After publishing his first book in 1959, Bloom wrote more than 50 books, including over 40 books of literary criticism, several books discussing religion, and one novel. He edited hundreds of anthologies concerning numerous literary and philosophical figures for the Chelsea House publishing firm. Bloom's books have been translated into more than 40 languages. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1995.
Bloom was a defender of the traditional Western canon at a time when literature departments were focusing on what he derided as the "school of resentment" (multiculturalists, feminists, Marxists, and others). He was educated at Yale University, the University of Cambridge, and Cornell University.

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Displaying 1 - 10 of 10 reviews
Profile Image for Maede.
505 reviews794 followers
April 8, 2024
این کتاب راهنمای مطالعه‌ی ایلیاده. در ابتدا تاریخ کتاب رو توضیح میده و بعد خلاصه و تحلیل داستان رو کنار هم در یک متن طولانی میاره که جزئیات زیادی نداره. در آخر هم پانزده مقاله‌ی تحلیلی به نسبت کوتاه داره که بعضی‌هاشون واقعا جالبن و جوانب خاصی از داستان رو بررسی می‌کنند و بعضی‌هاشون فقط اضافه‌گویی هستند

۱۴۰۳/۱/۲۰
Profile Image for Ali Ahmadi.
170 reviews90 followers
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May 3, 2024
یکی از صد و چند کتاب مجموعه‌ی Bloom's Modern Critical Interpretations. کتاب‌هایی که هر کدام دربرگیرنده‌ی مقالات گردآوری‌شده توسط هارولد بلوم – یکی از مهم‌ترین منتقدین انگلیسی‌زبان در قرن گذشته – درباره‌ی یک اثر شاخص ادبی به همراه پیشگفتاری از او هستند.

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فرهنگ شرم و فرهنگ گناه

بر اساس این پارادایم انسان‌شناسی، فرهنگ‌ها به دو دسته‌ی کلی شرم‌محور و گناه‌محور تقسیم می‌شوند. (البته به‌طور دقیق‌تر این یک طیف است و نه یک دوگانه‌ی مطلق.) شرم حسی سراسر متکی بر دیگری‌ست، یعنی عدم تطابق با نظام ارزشی بیرونی یا احساس درونی ناخوشایند کافی نبودن در نظر دیگران. و در مقابل آن غرور و افتخار قرار می‌گیرد. حس گناه‌ اما از یک نظام ارزشی درونی – مثل دین یا dikē خدای یونانی عدالت – بیرون می‌آید و وابسته به دیگران نیست.

انسان هومری در نگاه اول مانند مهره‌ی شطرنج است، بی‌اراده و تسلیم خواست‌های بی‌شمار و متناقض خدایان، و بدون جنگ – میدانی برای کسب احترام و افتخار (مفاهیم بنیادین timē و kleos در حماسه‌ی هومری) – دلیلی برای زندگی ندارد. بر این اساس، دنیای ایلیاد یکی از شرم‌محورترین جوامعِ به‌تصویر‌کشیده‌شده است؛ بی‌نهایت فردگرا، از این نظر که شرم و افتخار شخصی معیار ارزش‌گذاری بیشترِ کنش‌ها و واکنش‌هاست و رابطه‌ای ارگانیک و ارزش‌مند بین اغلب اعضای آن (به جز اعضای خانواده‌ یا دوستان بسیار نزدیک)، چه در یک جبهه و چه دو سمت مخالف وجود ندارد. به عبارتی دیگر انسان‌ها برای هم تنها وسایلی برای کسب افتخار بیشترند. اما نگاهی دقیق‌تر نشان می‌دهد که ایلیاد تقابل دائم میان دو نظام ارزشی شرم/افتخار محور و گناه/عدالت محور است و هومر با همه‌ی تقدیرگرا بودنش وزنه‌ی عدالت – از نوع ویژه‌ی زمان خودش – را احتمالن سنگین‌تر از افتخار می‌داند.

هومر، در زمان‌هایی که مشغول توصیف ماجراجویی‌های خون‌بار قهرمان‌هایش نیست، اشاره‌های متعددی به عدالت (fairness)، dikē و صلح به عنوان سنت‌هایی ریشه‌دار دارد. شاید یکی از مهم‌ترین نمونه‌ها نیازآوری (التماس کردن یا امان خواستن، supplication) باشد یعنی وقتی که قهرمانی در آخرین لحظه به پای قهرمان دیگری می‌افتد و از او می‌خواهد با صرف‌نظرکردن از کشتنش سَربَها (پول خون) بگیرد. به گواهی هومر در ۹ سال محاصره‌ی تروا بارها این اتفاق افتاده (حتا توسط آشیلِ افتخارجو) و پایان‌بندی داستان نیز در ملاقات آشیل و پریام با صحنه‌ی مشابهی رقم می‌خورد. انگیزه‌‌ی اصلی در اینجا نه سربها و افتخار شخصی بلکه نوعی سنت عدالت محور است – مشابه آنچه در فرهنگ ایرانی از آن به عنوان منش پهلوانی یاد می‌شود – بخشش به جای چرخه‌های متوالی انتقام و خونریزی، چون هر قهرمانی ممکن است خود روزی در جایگاه نیازآور قرار بگیرد.‌ (استقبال سربازان از بازگشت به خانه/nostos یا مشخص شدن تکلیف جنگ با دوئل پاریس و منلاس، توصیف مفصل تصاویر نقش‌بسته بر سپر آشیل از دوران صلح و یا تبادل هدیه بین آژاکس و هکتور با وجود دشمنیِ خونین همه نمونه‌های دیگری از تقابل فکری موجود در شخصیت‌ها هستند.) آشیل همه‌ی افتخارهای موجود را به‌دست آورده اما زمانی سوگواری‌اش واقعن کامل می‌شود که در کنار دشمنش اشک می‌ریزد، با او شراب و غذا می‌خورد و در نزدیکی‌اش می‌خوابد. آنچه که کشتار بی‌وقفه و بی‌حرمتی به جنازه‌ی دشمن نتوانسته به انجام برساند، با یک کنش عادلانه ممکن می‌شود، نشستن در نگاه دیگری و دیدن دنیا از چشم او.

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به جز یک مقاله‌ی‌ تخصصی درباره‌ی وزن شعری (dactylic hexameter، وزن حماسی دنیای باستان)، باقی‌ مقاله‌ها ایلیاد را از منظرهای انسان‌شناسی، روان‌شناسی و اسطوره و اخلاق بررسی کرده‌اند: جایگاه اسرارآمیز هلن به عنوان نیمه‌خدا، بررسی زبان بدن و ارتباطات غیرکلامی در داستان، جایگاه تکرار در سنت شعر شفاهی و اهمیت زره آشیل به عنوان راه ارتباطی خدا و انسان. مقاله‌ها گاهی پرتکرار و خسته‌کننده و حتا بی‌معنی می‌شوند اما در نهایت داستان را از زوایای جدیدی به شما نشان می‌دهند.
Profile Image for Nathan Albright.
4,487 reviews179 followers
August 31, 2018
Before reading Homer's Iliad (again, I read it at least once before in the time before I wrote book reviews for everything I read), I thought it would be worthwhile to read some notes on the book by Harold Bloom.  Bloom, of course [1], is a noted literary critic whose writings have sought to preserve the classics and "great books" traditions of reading in recent decades.  As someone who is in general warmly sympathetic to this tradition and who appreciates reading and commenting on great books, I figured this book would be a good one to familiarize me with Bloom's educational writings and encourage me to read the epic poem again in translation.  And as is the case with Bloom's writing, the criticism can be a bit hyperbolic, but the book does a good job at presenting the reader with various critical opinions about Homer's writing and the story and characterization of the Iliad, and those who want such things will appreciate what this book has to say.  Short and full of interesting material, this is an easy book to appreciate and likely will by many readers.

In less than 100 pages, these Bloom's notes don't contain any filler.  The editor begins with a user's guide to help the reader become familiar with how the series works and how the book is to be read.  After this there is an introduction to the work and its cultural importance.  Then there is a brief biography of Homer, which is admittedly speculative since not much is known about him.  After this a considerable amount of space is devoted to a thematic and structural analysis of the Iliad, which gives a sense of what Homer was seeking to accomplish in the poem.  There is a list of characters, most of them familiar to readers of other Greek classics.  Most of the book consists of the thoughts of various critics from the 19th and 20th centuries that has been assembled by the author.  Then there is a look at various versions and English translations of Homer, who is only known for this work, the Odyssey, and perhaps a few other poems that are attributed to him.  The book then concludes with works about Homer and the Iliad suggested for further reading as well as an index of themes and ideas contained in the Iliad.

Ultimately, it is the critical essays that make this book as enjoyable to read as it is.  While this book is clearly no substitute for reading the Iliad, it is very worthwhile in helping the reader understand what others have written about it and thought about it.  As the author subtly points out, there is a range of critical opinion about the work, and a great many people have pointed out the distinctions between this work and other great works of the Western tradition.  A great many people appear to have a desire to live in the heroic and aristocratic age that Homer writes about, while many of us are less than fond of this sort of attitude.  One of the aspects of great books like the Iliad that deserves to be recognized is that how we think of the book helps to reveal who we are, and confronting great literature is a way for us to improve the greatness of our thinking and our behaving, even when we dislike the works that we are encountering.  There is a worth in knowing and understanding what it is that great books say, and also in knowing what others have found in encountering these works as well.

[1] See, for example:

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2018...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2018...

https://edgeinducedcohesion.blog/2016...
1 review
January 18, 2019
The book was good and well translated. I like how it was not only about the achainians and Trojans in the war, but also how this war separated the Olmpians and made them pick sides and fight each other (with the exception of Zeus, who was practically Switzerland through out the entire thing). The classic rivalry between Achilles and Hector is really entertaining as the tension rises and things go from bad to worse.
Profile Image for Naomi Ruth.
1,637 reviews50 followers
October 22, 2018
Overall, I really enjoyed this collection of essays. I particularly enjoyed Cedric H. Whitman's "Homeric Character and the Tradition" as well as Bruno Snell's "Homer's View of Man." I would love to read an updated collection of essays that include a more diverse representation of authors, though.
6 reviews
March 31, 2021
Finally finished this 'the Iliad' that I always to read. This is translated/interpreted by Martin Hammond published by Penguin Classic.
This book introduces me to the Greek Gods and how the Gods, immortals, interacts with the mortals.
Enjoyed very much. Great read.
Profile Image for Joe Haack.
175 reviews27 followers
September 25, 2017
Loved reading these samples from the best critical interpretations of the Iliad.
Profile Image for Robert.
450 reviews35 followers
November 15, 2020
Not as good as the Bloom Modern Critical Interpretations series, which this book IS NOT - even though it seems to be confused for the same book here on GoodReads
Displaying 1 - 10 of 10 reviews