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Las metamorfosis de la cuestión social: Una crónica del salariado

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In this monumental book, sociologist Robert Castel reconstructs the history of what he calls the social question, or the ways in which both labor and social welfare have been organized from the Middle Ages onward to contemporary industrial society. Throughout, the author identifies two constants bearing directly on the question of who is entitled to relief and who can be excluded: the degree of embeddedness in any given community and the ability to work. Along this dual axis the author locates virtually the entire history of social welfare in early-modern and contemporary Europe.

This work is a systematic defense of the meaningfulness of the category of the social, written in the tradition of Foucault, Durkheim, and Marx. Castel imaginatively builds on Durkheim's insight into the essentially social basis of work and welfare. Castel populates his sociological framework with vivid characterizations of the transient lives of the disaffiliated: those colorful itinerants whose very existence proved such a threat to the social fabric of early-modern Europe. Not surprisingly, he discovers that the cruel and punitive measures often directed against these marginal figures are deeply implicated in the techniques and institutions of power and social control.

The author also treats the flipside of the problem of social assistance: namely, matters of work and wage-labor. Castel brilliantly reveals how the seemingly objective line of demarcation between able-bodied beggars--those who are capable of work but who chose not to do so--and those who are truly disabled becomes stretched in modernity to make room for the category of the working poor. It is the novel crisis posed by those masses of population who are unable to maintain themselves by their labor alone that most deeply challenges modern societies and forges recognizably modern policies of social assistance.

The author's gloss on the social question also offers us valuable perspectives on contemporary debates over who should receive social assistance and whether this entitlement should be linked to the obligation to work. Castel's rich insights and brilliant generalizations are invaluable for anyone concerned with what he describes as the new social question of work and social welfare in contemporary society.

493 pages, Paperback

First published January 25, 1995

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Robert Castel

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Displaying 1 - 3 of 3 reviews
88 reviews
September 6, 2024
Lu pour documenter un mémoire, et finalement je me suis prise à la lecture (longue et technique) de cette somme qui parle aussi bien du travail, que de l'assistance, de la cohésion sociale et des "inutiles au monde".
Profile Image for Liz.
1,397 reviews9 followers
August 25, 2015
Very thick research and language, more about the evolution of welfare than wage labor (my focus).
Profile Image for Mauricio Martínez.
547 reviews83 followers
April 30, 2025
La metamorfosis de la cuestión social es un libro apasionante de leer si te interesan las dinámicas sociales, si te preocupa la crisis actual que viven los sistemas de seguridad social, la precariedad laboral, y de cierta forma, la caída de los sistemas democráticos.
Castel nos cuenta como la inseguridad social existió en diferentes épocas, desde la era pre industrial, a la época actual, y hace este análisis al contarnos la historia de cómo evolucionó la relación salarial, como fue cambiando nuestra relación con el trabajo, y más que nada, su rol crítico a la hora de generar cohesión social.
Empieza con un análisis histórico antiguo sobre las diferentes formas en las que se daba la inseguridad social en el pasado, como esta se diferenciaba entre aquellos que no pueden trabajar, y requieren socorro y aquellos que pudiendo hacerlo, por algún motivo no lo hacen, y por lo tanto no merecen ayuda. Nos va contando como fueron cambiando y cristalizando las diferentes formas de apoyo social y las fracturas de este sistema.
Pasamos de la condición proletaria, a la condición obrera, a la salarial,y actualmente se está dando una nueva transformación, de reformismo de derecha, neoliberalismo, que está llevando a una nueva condición, que podemos llamar precaria.
Su análisis se centra en Francia, pero los conceptos y metodología son extrapolables o mejor dicho, aplicables a otras realidades, con sus respectivos ajustes, claro.

De lo mejor que me han mandado leer en Facultad hasta la fecha, tanto que tenía que leer 50 páginas y leí casi 500, 2 veces (?
Displaying 1 - 3 of 3 reviews

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