Країна снігу

by Yasunari Kawabata, Ясунарі Кавабата, Іван Дзюб (Translator)

Ясунарі Кавабата (1899—1972) — видатна постать у сучасній японській літературі, лауреат Нобелівської премії. Його творам притаманне глибоке проникнення у психологію людини, підкреслене захоплення старовиною, витончена художня форма і щирість оповіді. До цієї книжки ввійшли дві найкращі повісті цього автора — «Країна снігу» і «Тисяча журавлів», дві справжні перлини японської прози про кохання.

Genres: Fiction, Japan, Classics, Japanese Literature, Romance, Literature, Asia

262 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1948

About the author

Yasunari Kawabata (川端 康成) was a Japanese short story writer and novelist whose spare, lyrical, subtly-shaded prose works won him the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1968, the first Japanese author to receive the award. His works have enjoyed broad international appeal and are still widely read today.
Nobel Lecture: 1968
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prize...

Reviews

[Jim Fonseca · Rating 4 out of 5]

If you like a “ski” read instead of a “beach” read, this is for you! The setting is the mountain slopes of western Japan, one of the snowiest regions of the world – up to 15 feet of winter snow is common. In the town, the overhangs of buildings over the sidewalks form a tunnel through the snow in winter.



We are told in the translator’s Introduction that the snow country geisha catering to the ski lodge and hot spring clientele in winter are second class geisha compared to the urban geisha in Japan. In fact they are considered almost social outcasts and come close to being just prostitutes -- at least that was the case in the 1930’s, the time of this story.

The setting is one of cold loneliness. The literary style matches the setting. It is written in prose but using the haiku style, terse and austere, due to the limitation of words and the use of opposites and contrasts. You quickly see all the references to black hair against the white snow and darkness against sunlight, distant music against stillness -- darkness and wasted beauty as the main character says in regard to his favorite geisha.

There isn’t a lot of plot. Our main character is a middle-aged man who is independently wealthy; just a dilettante who piddles around and yet a recurring theme is that he comments on the geisha’s “wasted efforts” in reading and learning or practicing her music as she tries to improve herself.

The other main character is the geisha who has more or less fallen in love with this man. Of course he is married with kids in Tokyo but he can still be her sugar-daddy, so to speak. As she gets on in years, her goal is to find a man who will set her up in a business when she is no longer a geisha in demand.

She has had two other older men in her life; the first was an old man who paid off all her debts and then died. The way the geisha system works is that she signs a contract for a set amount with the ski lodge for a period of years and pays the lodge back out of her earnings. She is selective in offering herself to men and much of her earnings come from entertaining groups of men at parties by serving tea, playing music and dancing. The second man is also an old man who is still around and the main character wonders what her relationship is to him.

A passage I liked: “The man was clearly ill, however, and illness shortens the distance between a man and a woman.”



There is a lot in the book about the coolness of the special Japanese fabric called chijimi, and how it is laboriously made. It’s a white fabric that is dyed by exposure to the sun on top of the snow. (This is still true - here is a short National Geographic video about it https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qa1t7...)



The book is a pretty good read but slow. I liked his novel First Snow on Fuji better. The author was the first Japanese winner of the Nobel Prize for literature (1968).

Photos from top to bottom:
japantimes.co.jp
snowbrains.com
maisondexceptions.com

[Dolors · Rating 5 out of 5]

Shimamura gets on a train to dreamland. He escapes from the urbanity of Tokyo, from the grayish routine, the dull marriage, the mediocre reality that leaves him numb and empty in search of the purest expression of his desires. He is a dilettante, an expert aesthetician who knows that beauty lingers in memory of times past, on the glint of two sad eyes sparkling in a pale face, in a head tilted at a certain angle, in fragrances and sounds and the noiseless rippling waves that assimilate a caress.
Who hasn’t wanted to run away from daily life?
Who hasn’t felt the exhilaration of being driven away into distant lands, to new beginnings and comfortable anonimity?

In the rural areas of Japan, there is a place called Snow Country. A place where ancient tradition and sheer pleasure are bound together, taking the shape of a young geisha called Komako. No longer a girl but still not a woman, she loves with passionate abandon, making herself vulnerable to her own emotions.
Who hasn’t loved someone knowing the story is over before it even started?
Who hasn’t given free rein to imagination and switched the shipwreck of today for the groundless hope of a future with the person who consistently neglects us?

Shimamura goes back to the Snow Country, to this world of fantasy, expecting to be reunited with young Komako, whose inexperience attracts and repulses him at once. What he can’t expect is that an enigmatic woman called Yoko will disturb the imperfect balance of his universe and create silent havoc without uttering a word. Her silent presence, the contour of her features and the ominous aura that shrouds her; she presents a gateway to the pinnacle of artistic expression.

Kawabata paints his story rather than writing it. He is an extremely punctilious imagist who uses his brush with ruthless suavity. Shorts sentences that never falter but flow in a torrent of the simple and the quotidian transformed into pearls of absolute beauty. The reflection of a graceful face on a train window that fuses with the one of the surreptitious voyeur in a backdrop varnished in white, the thunderous calm of a winter night that is as cold and detached as Shimamura’s disregard for Komako’s utter surrender of body and soul, a landscape covered in perennial snow that mimics the protagonist’s stagnation and the geisha’s “wasted efforts” to melt the frostiness with her ardent submission. There isn’t a single image that doesn’t evoke the evanescent nature of human feelings.

This is the sort of quiet novella that grows on you. The characters appear withdrawn on the surface with unexpressive, porcelain countenances, but deep down, they burn inwardly, their hearts are ablaze with the ongoing progression of the many births and deaths inherent in the changing of the seasons, echoing the idea of eternity in ceaceless movement.
Much is revelead in things left unsaid, lingering glances and bodies floating in limbo, halfway between heaven and earth. The rest is up to the imagination.
Kawabata’s prose is as suggestive as it is devastating, it tantalizes, it provokes, it stings with painful lyricism. His voice is a whisper in a world that only shouts and replaces the background noise with words that contain it all, the gift of life, the tragedy of death and the interdependent wholeness of both.

[Seemita · Rating 4 out of 5]

I am white, mostly. And cold. And occasionally, weeping. But you don’t see my tears, for they run down the stream and lose their essence at the prolonged kiss of the first sun. But I do not mind. I come alive to die; I bulk up to surrender; I appear to vanish. But I, too, have admirers. Admirers, who eye ephemeral beauty with a stinging lacquer of depleting life, colluding their vision with a bagful of clouded vignettes stroking the air that arises after all is consumed and lost.

Visiting Japan in 1935, I met Kawabata-san. He whispered in my drifter ears that he wished to nestle a story under my frosty silhouette. I cast a doubtful glance at him and asked: ‘Are you sure? I am no spring and I am no sun. In my lap, tears appear more tenacious than smiles. And in my heart, I imprison love stories that untangle into laborious passion, reverberating in their incomplete destinies of intertwined desires but scattered existences. Your decision to drop your child in my tutelage may mar its chances of gaining an empathetic visitor.’ But he ran his hand on my granular head and said: ‘Be assured; wasted love is still love, after all.’ I eventually agreed to take his characters in my country.

So came, Shimamura and Komako, Yoko and Yukio. You don’t need to know who they are since all lovers in my country appear the same. And this Japan was still under the wreck of unequal rights of labour and dignity. But if you insist, I will oblige. Shimamura was groping for new vistas after a regular life had clutched him tight and Komako was a young geisha who equated new horizons to the skyline that inebriated my edges. When I saw them the first time, they were well-equipped to escape my mirthful sorrow. Shimamura was indulgent without emotion and Komako was wishful without goals. But alas! I am such a wretched stage; people step on me and forget the rest. I kept telling them I am the soft soil that sinks with repeated stamping but the duo, perplexed under the hypnotic rhythm of my robust sheets, dripping body and glistening air paid no heed to my cries. Intoxicated, they spent nights under my shadows and burnt lamps to spring reflections in my eyes; they held their rage and admiration under the chilling blanket I sent their way; they fought their jealousies when I subdued to let the sun cast a scarlet veil on Yoko, the lovely girl who never got bewitched under my spell and they darted viscous glances through my flakes at each pondering pause, rippled from Yukio’s disintegration. Both returned at my every appearance like faithful regulars but the unfulfilled rooms of their lives refused to open to a common hall. Whether other people tricked them into acts they did not intend to commit? I am afraid not. I suspect when I melt, I steal a part of those who hold me in their eyes; and at each return, I bind the stolen things in threads of melancholy despite my intention to dye them in colors of happiness. I can’t help it; my whiteness, under nature’s exponents of aggravation, assimilates all spunk and disperses a reeling blankness unmatched by any buoyant avalanche.

But Kawabata-san was a mature man; for when he placed his characters in my world, he also slipped many lyrical skates bearing the mark of mono no aware, handing a robust sailing to his creations and effectively annulling the threats posed by the steep boulders of unrequited love, unfathomable concern, unstoppable heartbeats and unmanageable bonds, compounded further under the burden of my heavy, stoic breathing. He won my heart by comprehending the little corners of my country with a sagacity comparable to someone born in my womb and chiseled them gently to accentuate their hidden beauties. So, the next time someone alights from a rickety train on a faint evening into a land bearing my stamp for as far as the eyes go, he will extend his arms in anticipation of an embrace that will not congeal his thoughts but would set them in riveting motion, softly swaying them in the gust of impermanent realities and navigating them into the warm kotatsu of permanent memoirs.

[Richard Derus · Rating 3 out of 5]

Rating: 3.5* of five


A BOOK I READ FOR MY LONG-AGO BOOK CIRCLE.

My Review: Married, bored (but I repeat myself) aesthete, philanderer, and flâneur Shimamura, an aficionado of Western ballet (although he's never seen one), takes a solo trip into Japan's Snow Country. While there in the wildest of boondocks Japan possesses, he meets Komako, probably the world's worst geisha, but apparently a fascinating contrast to all other women for Shimamura. They meet a total of three times in two years. Another woman, Yoko, hovers purposelessly around the narrative until, for no apparent reason, Komako and Shimamura have a fight over his feelings (?) for Yoko, who for some reason nursed Komako's not-quite-fiance Yukio while he died, despite the fact that Komako indentured herself to the (apparently quite unsuitable) career of geisha to pay for his death expenses.

Then a fire breaks out and Komako runs into the burning building and saves Yoko while Shimamura stands there and looks up at the sky. Fin.

No, seriously.

I spent the entire month I was reading this book, all 175pp of it, alternately claustrophobic and bemused. WTF, I kept thinking, why am I still at this rock-pile, trying to winkle out some small purpose to the narrative; then along would come a gem, eg:

It was a stern night landscape. The sound of the freezing of snow over the land seemed to roar deep into the earth. There was no moon. The stars, almost too many of them to be true, came forward so brightly that it was as if they were falling with the swiftness of the void.
p44, Vintage ed., trans. Seidensticker

Oh wow, I thought, and plowed on. And on. And on. Every damn time Komako exhibits what today we'd call a bipolar break exacerbated by alcohol abuse, I'd find myself thinking, "This damned book is Come Back, Little Sheba directed by Kurosawa." Seriously. Shirley Booth did the same bloody role in that movie, only Burt Lancaster (whose role as her husband bewitched by a younger woman was pretty much exactly like Shimamura) is the one who drank.

I drank a good bit myself, trudging ever onward, marching off to war with the cross of Jesus going on before; okay, I'm a piss-poor Christian soldier, but you get the sense of futility I was experiencing. Then, it happened.

He had stayed so long that one might wonder whether he had forgotten his wife and children. He stayed not because he could not leave Komako nor because he did not want to. He had simply fallen into the habit of waiting for those frequent visits. And the more continuous the assault became, the more he began to wonder what was lacking in him, what kept him from living as completely...All of Komako came to him, but it seemed that nothing went out from him to her. He heard in his chest, like snow piling up, the sound of Komako, an echo beating against empty walls. And he knew he could not go on pampering himself forever.

pp154-155

So there *is* a point to this hike! And a profound one: The sudden awakening of human feeling in an otherwise dead heart. It was a payoff, and a major one. But did it have to be such a Bataan Death March of a journey to get here? And the stupid-ass last line of the book, which made me so bloody angry that I began raining curses on the lady whose idea it was our book circle read the book...! INFURIATINGLY SOPHOMORICALLY PORTENTOUS, I shrieked. The dog ran away from me. The same dog who, at an earlier moment in my tossing about of the book, expressed her opinion of it by fanging the corner. She calmed down after I did, but really...does one *want* to read this book? I won't do it again. But, on balance and after sleeping on it, I'm glad that I did.

[Jr Bacdayan · Rating 5 out of 5]

Never have I had such intense desire to prolong a novel, not until I read this. I am a man of literature. It is in my blood to have the highest respect for the writer and to consider the work sacred, thus I never impose my will on the material even if the end is left open for the imagination to play upon. I purposely hold myself back and stop where the cliff ends, I do not take the leap into the unknown abyss. However today I find the exception. Today I jumped. Forgive me. I am a weak man, a man now consumed by such glaring passion that even the very fabric of my nature trembles. This refined suit of silly intellectualism that I have carefully cultivated through the years is now reduced to ashes after being engulfed by the flames of clear brilliance, so clear that I mistook it for reality. I was so enamored by the flames of desire I found in the pages of this small novel that step by step I drew closer to it until I realized that I had ventured too near, like a moth drawn to the candlelight, consumed by the searing fire. Do not let the title of this work confuse you, this is not a story of icy temperament. This is a tale of such intensely burning passion that no other work I have read comes close to matching, and it makes it all the more astounding when you consider the restraint that is displayed by the very actions of the two people who breathe life into this book.

Shimamura is a Tokyo man of weak passion, a connoisseur of desultoriness and lethargy yet when he meets the naïve and transparent country girl named Komako something inside him is stirred. A curious relationship blossoms between them. It is the type of connection rekindled only every few months, grounded on change, one that developed in spurts, but one that ingrained itself into the core of both their beings. As I said, there lingered a very Japanese restraint between them that disabled any directness to shed light to their sentiments. But despite this handicap, the clarity of their emotions is so radiantly felt. Kawabata masterfully brushes the non-verbal strokes of the romantic. The controlled intimacy between the two is so delicious to watch, each one trying to keep their feelings in check, like a chess match, both trying to win but forever stuck in impasse.

But what of the girl who comes between them? What role does this Yoko play? I believe that Kawabata used her as the intermediary. She was the reflection of their union, explaining why both are attracted to her yet neither had the power to confront her. She served as the whipping boy between the two lovers. The things that cannot be said to each other they said to her. Taking up residence in Tokyo, being good to the other, to being insane, these were not words directed at her, these were words directed at themselves, at each other. And in the end her very life was the symbol for their bond, when they thought all was lost, a spasm of life renewed them and it was Komako who willed and saved them and finally made the life inside Shimamura feel the gravity of his emotion.

I know a lot of people view this tale a tragedy but I beg to differ. I wholeheartedly believe it is the kind where the love stands the test of time. From the wordless i-love-yous, the touchless caresses, the undone kisses, everything is insinuated and nothing is said nor done. And yet love, no matter how repressed or covered, breaks out and consumes like a flame that burns steadily, strongly, through the years. Like the iridescent balls of fire in the Milky Way reminding us of the beautiful past that burns vividly in our memories.

Oh how beautiful are the stars!

[Tatiana · Rating 2 out of 5]

Nobel Prize winning author's best novel. I am not coming back for more.

In every country there is a classic (or two or three) about a wealthy man's dalliance with a sex worker. I've read a lot of them, and I will add this short Japanese novel to the roster, as a particularly biteless one at that. While I was fascinated by all things geisha in this story, the narrative itself pretty much went nowhere. The writing was beautiful, to be sure, and descriptions of snow too. But characters were underdeveloped, IMO, and acted bizarrely. I could never understand fully what the problem was between them, what the sources of their conflicts were, and what they ultimately wanted. Can this be a cultural barrier I was unable to break? Was I missing some context? Why is this considered good?

[Cecily · Rating 2 out of 5]

A cold book, with cold people, that left me cold - and with a sour taste.
“The tall figure of the woman, her skirts trailing coldly off across the dark floor.”
Even her hair is often said to be cold. Perhaps the gap of years (first published, serialised, in 1935-7) and culture (geisha) is just too large for me to appreciate what the Nobel committee could.

Shimamura, a rich and pretentious young idler, married with a couple of children, travels alone to a hot spring resort before the winter season. He gets involved with Komako, a young woman who becomes a geisha between his visits, though she’s not typical of the stereotype, as she is often drunk.

There is some lovely imagery, especially early on, when he’s reflecting on reflections of a young woman and frail man (Yuko and Yukio) in a train window.
“In the depths of the mirror the evening landscape moved by, the mirror and the reflected figures like motion pictures superimposed one on the other. The figures and the background were unrelated, and yet the figures, transparent and intangible, and the background, dim in the gathering darkness, melted together into a sort of symbolic world not of this world…He was taken by the unreal, otherworldly power of his mirror in the evening landscape.”


Image: "Kameido Tenmangu Keidai no Yuki" (Snow in the Precincts of Tenman Shrine in Kameido) by Utagawa Hiroshige c1883 (well before this story is set). (Source)


However, I didn’t like any of the characters (not necessarily a problem), nor develop any interest in what happened to them. Shimamura’s frequent observations of Komako’s cleanliness, including her being too clean, were unsettling, as was his exploitative sense of entitlement, though I realise that might be fine in the time and place it was set:
“That indefinable air of loneliness only made her the more seductive.”

It explores issues of identity, power, tradition, beauty, and loyalty, but I wasn’t engaged or moved.

I occasionally had to check who was who and what had happened when, but that might be my failing, or even the translator’s.

The dramatic conclusion, filled with heat and colour, felt lifted from a different narrative.

Quotes

• “It was as if he were watching a tableau in a dream.”

• “Shimamura had the illusion that the evening landscape was actually passing over the face.”

• “The river seemed to flow from the tips of the cedar branches. He thought he would never tire of looking at the autumn flowers that spread a blanket of silver up the side of the mountain.”

• “He spent much of his time watching insects in their death agonies.”

See also

Nocturnalux describes a type of character common in Japanese fiction, and which fits Shimamura. See her review of Fumiko Enchi’s The Waiting Years, HERE.

[Luís · Rating 5 out of 5]

Difficult to speak about this book. I like Kawabata's style. All in finesse, in subtleties. He is the writer of contemplation. The descriptions are very visual, like tables. And it's a beautiful love story between a wealthy idler and a young geisha. The plot unfolds as the seasons change. I try to retain as many images as possible from this reading. But they will inevitably fade.

[Steven Godin · Rating 5 out of 5]

Steeped in Japanese tradition Nobel prize winner Yasunari Kawabata has created something almost otherworldly, like it belongs in a completely different time and place. Shimamura travels from the city to a village in the snowy mountains, and while in the company of a young rural geisha called Komako a strange love blossoms, but bound to the rules of the geisha Komako struggles with her emotions towards him and there is always a sense that sadness lingers . The snowy setting really captures the imagination especially at night where there are moments described so heavenly it goes beyond words. Delicate and tranquil in nature with a precise lyrical style it has the feeling of a butterfly being caressed by a gentle breeze. A work of rare and subtle beauty.

[Ian "Marvin" Graye · Rating 4 out of 5]

Shimamura’s Tale Part I

The Milky Way
Sits high above
Mountain country,
Illuminating
Villages below.
Stardust falls
Earthbound,
Until, frozen,
It becomes
White snowflakes
That shroud the ground,
Two meters deep.
My hands reach out
Towards the winter sky,
Hoping I might catch
A star in each hand.
For a moment,
They’re in my grasp.
I adore them
Like they’re lovers
That I can keep.
My desire doesn't
Require that
I make a choice.
Sometimes, it’s true,
You can have both.
But the angry fire
In my selfish heart
Melts my loving flakes,
The one a sacrifice
That I must make,
The other my
Punishment.
Fate slices through me
Like a knife,
Deservedly,
And leaves me
To return
To my wife,
And little child
In Tokyo,
Empty-handedly,
With only this my tale
Between my legs.



Shimamura’s Tale Part II
[Apologies to Shakespeare]

With thine eyes and mind,
Thou hast committed fornication,
But that was in the snow country,
And besides, the girl is dead.



Komako's Counsel

Watch out for the beau
Who'll approach you in the snow.
He makes l'amour faux.



Partition

We must learn how to
Partition self-pity from
Sensitivity.



In This Time of Dying
[For, Because Inspired by, Clive James]

Poet, write not of
"Existential Crisis":
Treasure life itself.



Japanese Maple
[By Clive James]

http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/201...



"The Old Capital" by Yasunari Kawabata
[First Lines of the Novel]

"Chieko discovered the violets
Flowering on the trunk of the old maple tree.
'Ah. They've bloomed again this year,' she said
As she encountered the gentleness of spring."

https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/1...







"Life's Great Choices Series: Sometimes You Can Have Both" by Noela Hills

This pencil drawing was a gift from my friend, the artist Noela Hills, in 1985. She tried to have both, but unfortunately she died later that year of breast cancer. I read yesterday that they are close to finding a prevention and a cure for breast cancer. It said that, one day soon, nobody need die of breast cancer. There was one less star in the Milky Way the day Noela died.




"Untitled" by Noela Hills

There is such a Japanese feel to both of these artworks. I always loved both the gown, the blade and the mask in this second work. I wanted to pay Noela for it, but she made me accept it as a gift. This review is my opportunity to return her favour and honour her memory.



OTHER KAWABATA REVIEWS:

I read "Thousand Cranes" straight after reading and reviewing "Snow Country":

https://www.goodreads.com/review/show...

[Shawn Mooney (Shawn Breathes Books) · Rating 1 out of 5]

A meek married man cares about no one, just the moon, snow, and maybe moths. And—supposedly but dilettanteishly—ballet. Yet he does his best to inflict his grey, dull self on a ditzy drunkard hooker and one other woman at a winter resort. How they stayed awake in his leaden, obnoxious presence, I’ll never know. I barely could.

[Garima · Rating 4 out of 5]

turn this way!
I too feel lonely
late in autumn

~ Basho's Haiku

As if on a winter’s night a traveler, travels to a distant land, where the snow falls even on the maple leaves. Where lovers part to meet and meet to part. Where love is nothing but a mirrored reality or a fogged illusion. Where one heart has room only for the pleasure of regaining what had been lost and another voice is so beautiful that it’s almost lonely and sad. Where some deaths are tiny but invoke immense poetry and several lives struggle to find meaning between the lines of a haiku. Where eyes reflect the desperation of an intermittent wait and doors are opened for expected/unexpected arrivals. Where powdered face of a Geisha has a ruddy complexion underneath and hair is sometimes let loose to free oneself. Where questions are difficult and answers are complicated. Where fire is both a saint and a sinner. Where stars are burned and the beauty of Milky Way comes alive in its entire splendor. Where Hellos and Goodbyes arrive like the seasons of a year. Where nature sings and humans dance. Where it’s easy to find oneself and easier to lost oneself. For a little less and a lot more, Snow Country is where one needs to visit.

[Flo · Rating 4 out of 5]

[ ▷ ◻ ]

Bashō's evocative haiku is referenced by the end of the book, as one of the characters contemplates small drops of fire that, in contrast to the quiet atmosphere of a country made of snow, were floating in the air, ablaze with fury and disenchantment, sheltered by the absolute splendour of the Milky Way. The sublimeness of a firmament under which existence manifests itself in the shape of beauty and sadness.
As always, Bashō depicted an entire universe in three lines. Trifling matters and existential crisis coexist under the breathtaking vastness of a starry night. They live, they breathe; quietly, in raptures. They are likely to sink in the rough, turbulent sea. Tolerating the company of others or facing a self-imposed solitude, like the disgraced inhabitants of Sado Island. Above all these relevant and mundane issues of ours, one finds the Heaven’s River. The Milky Way. Where everything is silence. A distant blanket with scintillating pearls scattered all over it. An ethereal image replete with possibility; with hope. Nature's attempt at pacifying our tantrums and mitigating our misery.



That is how I feel about Kawabata's prose. His minimalistic and poignant style. His sincere and nostalgic voice. A unique melody on a quiet night amid a stream of twinkling stars.
His words are my night sky.

It's rather strange to look at this book and see something I hold dear since it has some elements I dislike (hence, the absence of a perfect rating). Primarily, a love story. A romanticized love affair. An apparently cold married man with a couple of women in his head. Women giving everything they have, obviously. A dramatic display of each emotion. An abyss of vulnerability. An obstinate behavior that doesn't even consider relinquishing everything that is destined to failure. A relationship that was meant to perish in front of the whitened mountains, before it even started.



Snow Country is ready to destroy any vestige of passion that may disturb its gelid landscape. That is where she belongs. He looks at her from another side of the country. And thus they will remain, concealing any stubborn tear that may wish to appear.



This novel also brims with nostalgia. The delights of nature. A simple kind of beauty. A Japanese kind of beauty, pure, unadulterated; one that refuses to fall under the spell of Western modernity; desperately trying to preserve its traditions and values. The world of a geisha. Lesson after lesson on how to entertain others with a broken heart.
Seemingly incidental elements that become substantial meditations on the world around us when touched by Kawabata's majestic pen. An avalanche of introspection roaring down a mountainside, seeking for one's attention. Or complete annihilation. Couples and every unexpressed emotion that abided by fear's wishes and satiated their pride. Everywhere.

In any case, this writer's deeply poetic language was fundamental for me to actually enjoy this book. It saved this story from being trite and overly sentimental. There is an imaginative use of the word to convey widely known sentiments. The air was pervaded by the scent of vivid reminiscences; words uttered in an elegiac tone that never felt so alive.



Paraphrasing Byron, the characters of this novel were two parallel lines prolonged to infinity side by side but never to meet, but that could not refrain from trying. One can't help wondering if it is worth letting someone in when parting is already on the horizon; latent, existing –



after all, the Milky Way illuminating an entire world made of snow might be the only thing some people have in common. Or, perhaps, the reason of it all might rely on the fact that, despite any complication or obstacle that these characters encountered, they were able to elude – for a season, for an instant – Dostoyevsky's idea of hell.
That may also happen under the comforting light of the sun.






April 18, 16
* Also on my blog.
** Photo credit: Milky Way Panorama and Longs Peak, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado / Glenn Randall via this blog.
Maiko Snow Resort looking towards Yuzawa town via Snow Japan.

[persephone ☾ · Rating 3 out of 5]

"the normal masculine desire to sleep with a woman no matter which it is" my ass, i have the feminine desire to kill men but do i act on it ? no i don't think so.

[Carol · Rating 5 out of 5]

Snow Country is one exquisite read. It should be on every classics list, and bump a couple of dead Americans or Englishmen to make room near the top of the "top 100 books you must read to be deemed educated".

Two tips. First, I recommend that you not do what I did, and read it over a period of 2 weeks - 20 pages here, 12 pages there. I didn't do service to it. And still. 5 stars.

Second, I recommend that you read these two friends' reviews because they also are exquisite and tell you everything you need to know about Kawabata's masterpiece.

https://www.goodreads.com/review/show...

https://www.goodreads.com/review/show...

[Magrat Ajostiernos · Rating 4 out of 5]

Muy fan de Kawabata.
Este es uno de esos libros llenos de sutilezas en el que predominan los sentimientos y la atmósfera única de ese País de nieve.
Me he sentido una más en ese lugar perdido entre las montañas, totalmente aislado, gélido y antiguo, con la magia de las tradiciones que se desmoronan por sí solas.

[Jenn(ifer) · Rating 4 out of 5]

New love is as delicate as the wings of a moth.

I try to write but the words disintegrate between my fingertips. They melt like snow on my tongue. Maybe a light breeze could carry them across the ocean and drop them at your feet. They will slip through your fingers like sand. They will drift through the air like dandelion wishes.

New love is as fleeting as the blossoms of an almond tree.

The words might cut you like the sharp edge of this paper. The tiny cuts will sting. They buzz around your ear but you won’t hear what they are saying. They fall into your lap and you brush them away with a shrug.

New love floats on water. New love sinks like a stone.

[J.L. Sutton · Rating 4 out of 5]

“It was a stern night landscape. The sound of the freezing of snow over the land seemed to roar deep into the earth. There was no moon. The stars, almost too many of them to be true, came forward so brightly that it was as if they were falling with the swiftness of the void."



The landscape sets the tone for doomed romance in Yasunari Kawabata's Snow Country. Unfolding at a winter resort in the 1930s, Shimamura, a wealthy dilettante, and a young geisha named Komako begin their relationship. This is a very slow-moving book with characters that demand that we ask, why should I care? Shimamura has a wife and family in Tokyo and Komako is scheming to get men to pay her debts. Their connection seems tenuous at best. That said, this book is beautifully written, and the world Kawabata evokes comes alive through the landscape. 3.75 stars

“As he caught his footing, his head fell back, and the Milky Way flowed down inside him with a roar.”

[Meike · Rating 5 out of 5]

Kawabata was the first Japanese author to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature (in 1968), and this was one of the works the Nobel Committee cited in their decision. Employing a simple storyline, this author shines by finding an abundance of images to illustrate emptiness and by evoking a strong atmosphere of imminent loss - the characters drift through the title-giving snow country, and while Kawabata plays with the color white, describes the physical sensations brought about by icy temperatures and repeatedly uses words like "cleanliness" and "purity", everything is increasingly clouded by decay, until the almost otherworldly setting is literally burned down.

Our protagonist is Shimamura, a father and husband from Tokyo who has an affair with Komako, a young geisha in the hot spring town of Yuzawa. Shimamura is an idler who inherited a lot of money, while enigmatic Komako dropped out of school in Tokyo and came back to the mountains where she started working as a geisha - as I learnt, provincial geishas in onsen towns were often not much more than prostitutes with few prospects in life. Passionate Komako is madly in love with Shimamura, drinks way too much and seems to be overcome by self-hatred; Shimamura, on the other hand, is unable to really grasp what drives Komako's actions, he is detached and tends to aestheticise life instead of living it - it's like the cold and the vast snowy landscapes permeate through his skin. Nevertheless, he keeps thinking about warm and caring Koko, a woman he first saw on the train to Yuzawa. While Koko feels pity for Komako, Komako seems to despise Koko - in the dreamlike atmosphere of the text, filled with allegories and strong images, the question arises whether the two aren't one and the same person, torn apart by the centrifugal forces of rising modernity and social pressures.

Much like his friend Yukio Mishima, Kawabata contemplated the consequences of Western influences on traditional Japanese society ("Snow Country" was first published in serialized form from 1935 to 1937). Komako learns to play her Samisen by relying on sheet music and listening to the radio; Shimamura enjoys occidental ballet, partly because he feels like it distinguishes him. In some parts of the text, the air is filled with moths, vibrating and dying, and a cocoon factory plays an important role. Told in sparse, lyrical prose and with many ellipses, the short novel is melancholic and dreamlike, but can also be read as a piece of social criticism: Komako was inspired by a real onsen geisha named Matsuei.

An enchanting, beautiful text that refrains from revealing all of its secrets to the reader, but speaks of emotional truths so subtle and complex that it remains astonishing how Kawabata managed to capture them at all.

[Matthew Ted · Rating 4 out of 5]

58th book of 2021. Artist for this review is Japanese painter Asano Takeji.

3.5. Surprisingly slow, gentle, knife-edged prose as I've come to expect from Japanese literature. It's sometimes less about the sentences being sparse, but more about the sentences having great subtle weight. A short novel full of nuances. Aside from that, the prose is wonderful: the snow country is described with such beauty, the cold, the ice. Kawabata only needs a few lines to capture some startlingly images. Take this, for example,

The Milky Way spread its skirts to be broken by the waves of the mountain, and, fanning out again in all its brilliant vastness higher in the sky, it left the mountain in a deeper darkness.

"Snow at Hiunkaku Temple, Kyoto"—1953

Snow Country is often referred to as Kawabata's masterpiece. He won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1968, the first Japanese writer to win. Simply, it is a love affair between a man from Tokyo and a geisha, set in a hot-spring town in mountains of northern Japan. The novel builds slowly, almost drop-by-drop. In that sense, reading it reminded me of one of my favourite Pink Floyd songs, Echoes, in which it begins with those gentle, but gradual plinking noises, like stones into a pool before inevitably rising towards its climax. The novel has a similar structure in a way, though where Echoes rises and falls several times, Snow Country rises gradually through to a single crescendo at the end of the novel. I've read a few times that Kawabata's prose is written almost like lines of a haiku, and I see that. The prose is almost so gentle, so that it simply washes over you, I felt myself worrying I wasn't taking it in; but those plinking drops, those stones filling the pool out of sight from the bottom up, do lay a beautifully written but quite saddening foundation for the novel's sudden climax where fire meets snow.

***************************************

In 1972 Kawabata apparently committed suicide by gassing himself, though many close friends, and his widow, claimed it was accidental. I was reading about the other possible reasons for his suicide that have been discussed since: poor health (Parkinson's), something about a love affair, but something else caught my eye: shock about the suicide of his friend and fellow writer, Yukio Mishima. I am a big Mishima fan, so I read on. According to Kawabata's biographer, he had recurring nightmares about Mishima, for two or three hundred nights in a row, and was "incessantly haunted by the specter of Mishima".

[Théo d'Or]

Beauty, tranquility, futility, warmth, sparks, temptation , fragmentation, the unreal game of reality - are just a part of the splinters of words that surround the universe of existence in Kavabata's writing.
A writer who surprised me, with the strange art of snatching from the mixture of life fragments of beauty that shine especially during their sad passage.
In " Snow Country" prevails the hallucinately painful relation between futility and beauty.

" The mirror and the ghosts in it, moved one in the other, like in a movie. The characters had nothing to do with the setting, they wore a fleeting transparency in them, in a landscape that was just a blurred evening darkness. Both, melted and mixed, sketched a uncertain world of shadows. "

The whole novel seems to have grown out of this game of mirrors with snow, with gestures and feelings as deceptive as the shadows projected on the window of a train, the beauty of the world is revealed only by the lines drawn with the finger on the steamed glass.
The tensions in the souls of the characters erupt discreetly, it is a quiet agitation, which changes its shades during the man's three arrivals, once a year, in three different seasons.
The cicle remains endless, as love and life are unfinished too. In any moment of presence, the absence boils, with the same naturalness of the futility of beauty. Shinamura knows a lot about dance, without dancing, he sees beauty without being able to really experience it, he cannot internalize it. Just like Komako, who loves too much, but alone.
Kavabata's novel is a beautiful book, a poem, I would say, sensual, difficult to synthesize in words, it is like a painting, it can be lived, more than told.
Beauty, here, is covered with snow, loneliness is only temporarily covered with love, but also the temporality of snow and love are beautiful, in themselves.
Counterpoint, beautiful and sad..

[Praj · Rating 5 out of 5]

Butterflies.....
Amusing the lotus pond
A child’s delight.

Butterflies dab my tears and lotuses kiss my heart. As a child, I used to spend hours gazing the dainty beauties as they flirted with the boisterous flowers. Amid my hearty giggles, the soft buttery wings browsed my cheeks for a pink watermark. I sought to embrace these coquettish insects as I sat on the wet grass. As I lifted one from its flowering sojourn and laid it on my palms, my eyes lit like the time my mother cuddled me after a bad school day. The rosiness of the wings spread on to my palm as it lay there silently in all its glory. It did not fly as I wanted it to. I coaxed it, even twisted my palm, all it did was spiral down on the ground as a rocket descending to its earthly grave. That was the very first and the last day, I had ever caught a butterfly. I still cherish their fragile beauty but from afar; I do not touch their wings for I’m afraid that I might bring an everlasting emptiness in their lives. “Their beauty shines through death”, said the temple priest, as he immaculately entwined the bowed lotuses into a stiff pink garland. The lotus bud that braved the rambunctious dragonflies and thunderstorms only to bloom for a day and the butterfly after months of seclusion burst through the rigid cocoon only to be left as a crimson dust on a child’s palm , was it all a wasted effort? A wasted beauty? If only, the plucked lotuses could whimper and the butterfly could squeal. Does a heart shine brighter with the demise of love?


“The train came out of the long tunnel into the snow country. The earth lay white under the night sky”.

As the maple leaves bid adieu to the red carp in the lotus pond, the snow comes alive. The earth pristinely glistens underneath a vermillion sky. The snow-laden cedar fiercely guards the persimmon trees near the old moldering house. The chimney smoke twirls in a sensuous way with the steam from the nearby hot-springs. Chimerical decorated beauties parade on the floating world of nightfall. The days are filled with lonely beds and nights with lonely hearts. The melodious strings of a samisen appreciated among icy fingers. The clean air cluttered with translucent worthlessness. The insects wordlessly moan as a heart is cut into two. The secluded cocoon weaves its silken thread artistically, only to emerge in the spring metamorphosing into the finest Chijimi. The snow country is “a place where the maidens live”.


Red lips, porcelain face,
Songs of crimson snow,
Lonely love.

It is when the snow touches the earth, can she sense love, her lover’s warm breath, his arms around her trembling waist and his kiss on her blood-stained lips. When the world sleeps, the heart rouses. The footsteps that had been lost underneath the white expanse had resurfaced; the iciness of the winter had renewed the tenderness of love. In the intimacy of love, her heart was beating like couple moths on a lamp, once again fumbling into emptiness. After all, it was a lonely heart drowning in remote emotionalism.
A heart is never lonely; a person is, when he stands at the crossroads where the perfect fantasy is blemished with candid realism. Akin to the glass window that bestows a lonesome traveler with the precious company of the moon, only to realize at the end of the journey, it was only solitude that alighted at the station. Shimamura found lonesomeness seductive. The “indefinable air of loneliness” that surrounded Komako, the loneliness that lingered in Yoko’s voice and her piercing eyes and the emptiness that came from Shimamura’s life itself; he stood on the edge of fantasy and reality. Shimamura was always fascinated with untainted mirror images or the illusions that were constructed within his thoughts. The phantasms of an impeccably choreographed ballet were lyrics from heaven, liberated from human errors and where imaginations were without boundaries.

“It was like being in love with some he had never seen”.

Shimamura treated his women in similar way as the chimerical ballet. He desired the romance of fiery red strokes on a geisha’s lips softening onto a snowy visage, but he sensed emptiness as the face was wiped cleaned. He sought after the call of the naked heart without having to shelter it from the frosty afflictions.

“Was it sorrow at finding herself about to sink into deep a relationship with a traveler?”

Komako as they call was a splendor of the floating world. Komako was as multifarious as her heart. She observed the bereavement of her heart, though she could never see a dying person. She loved Shimamura even though the latter being skeptical about having to build a liaison with a woman of an “ambiguous position”. Shimamura calls her a “clean beauty” and not a “real beauty”. Kawabata rightly asserts the position of a wholesome beauty. A woman looks utmost beautiful when her face is a melancholic riddle. The snow attains it grandeur when its smooth velvety carpet is tainted by footprints of skiing children. It is in sadness that a beauty luxuriously shines. The priest was right after all, the beauty of the lotuses was magnified in the garland. Kawabata further pushes this symbolic position solidifying its stance when Shimamura later, addresses Komako as “a good woman” correcting his former statement of her being “a good girl”. It is here that the reader views the metamorphosis of Komako’s ‘clean beauty’ into a ‘real one’.


Nagauta on a samisen
Hearts still asleep
Wasted effort.

The fair maidens who as children learn to weave the silken mesh of the exquisite Chijimi cloth, live in months of seclusion and monotony and labor their love into the product that needed months of washing in hot water, hours of massaging by feet and bleaching and when spring finally arrived the Chijimi was proudly displayed as a sweltering body’s ideal companion. The women immersed themselves in hard work at the risk of their fading beauty in the strenuous survival of the secluded snow bound months. Kawabata signifies the production of Chijimi cloth to rationalize the query of ‘a wasted effort’. The said terminology becomes the definite antagonist to the foundation of love and beauty.

“A good piece of Chijimi, if it has been taken care of, can be worn quite unfaded a half- century and more after....”

Unlike, the weavers whose undying love for the art of weaving leaves a gift of a Chijimi to be cherished for years, Shimamura ponders how his relationship with Komako would leave nothing as definite as Chijimi. Was then the love that harbored in the room where silkworms once bred, a wasted effort of two lonely hearts? Like peonies on a frosty river bank searching for happy puns, Kawabata equates the beauty of human intimacies as the ephemeral weave that do not even have half the shelf-life of an airy Chijimi cloth.

“The labor into which a heart has poured its whole love…where will it have it say, to excite and inspire, and when?

Only if one could have read Komako’s diary, the one that she had been writing since she was 16, it would have been known whether her loyal love to Shimamura, her skeptical emotions for Yoko, her collection of non-smoked cigarettes and her stance in Yukio’s life were a bunch of wasted efforts. If, Shimamura could have gained a little of his lost honesty in the snow country, only if one could read Yoko’s piercing moist eyes and if someone could have asked the Milky Way , if being outshined by the blazing fire made its brightening splendor a wasted effort. Only if one could? Kawabata in his usual sinister flair speaks about the idea of an exhausted beauty that would not have an unambiguous ending. Komako, going back to the hot-springs , dowsing her heart in sake , Shimamura once again losing his candor in an illusionary other world and the chrysanthemum withering on the snow-caped eaves.


White peonies in moonlight
Echoes of distilled love
Snow falls.

Kawabata symbolizes the snow as the ultimate pictogram of a wasted beauty. The fragile beauty of a snowflake deteriorates at the slightest touch melting into the heat of the fingers. And as the snow accumulates on the ground its opulence is trampled by footprints, shoveled paths and at times the decay of bleeding hearts. Similar to the beauty of love, the exquisiteness of the pristine snow perishes in its own excessiveness.



Snow on bald cedars
Letters to obscured leaves
Melancholy writes....

I have an aversion to happy endings. To me, happy endings are similar to feeding rainbows to Thomas More’s utopian unicorn. Label me weird or even call me absolute idiot, nevertheless it is in sadness, that I feel alive. It is in sadness that I think about the little girl that still resides within me. It is in sadness that I appreciate the rarity of a smile and it is sadness that helps me to value the true essence of happiness. One may never desire it, let alone embrace it, but sadness comes knocking back when one starts to dread happiness. And, when it does penetrate into our lives it brings along infinite silence; the most powerful resource of the mind. At this very moment, I earnestly realized that Kawabata has always been communicating about the silence that overwhelms human sentimentalities and life as we know it. And, I like an ignorant fool was unaware of the very institution that was assisting me not only to read Kawabata’s thoughts but script my own. A silence that can make or break a prosperous soul.


The Milky Way, brightest star
Whistles the mountain ghost
Departed soul.

In his Nobel Prize winning speech, Kawabata emphasized on the works of Daigu Ryokan (1758-1831) and the subsequent source of inspiration for his works. Commenting on the premise of his nominated book, ‘Snow Country' he said, “Ryokan was born in the province of Echigo, the present Niigata Prefecture and the setting of my novel Snow Country, a northerly region on what is known as the reverse side of Japan, where cold winds come down across the Japan Sea from Siberia. He lived his whole life in the snow country and to his "eyes in their last extremity..."

It is not surprising to find an ideal ode to Kawabata’s prose from one of Ryokan’s inscribed poems:-

Where beauty is, then there is ugliness;
where right is, also there is wrong.
Knowledge and ignorance are interdependent;
delusion and enlightenment condition each other.
Since olden times it has been so.
How could it be otherwise now?
Wanting to get rid of one and grab the other
is merely realizing a scene of stupidity.
Even if you speak of the wonder of it all,
how do you deal with each thing changing?




**(Japanese actors essaying Shimamura and Komako in Shirō Toyoda's 'Snow Country'(1957))

[Noel · Rating 3 out of 5]

“In the depths of the mirror the evening landscape moved by, the mirror and the reflected figures like motion pictures superimposed one on the other. The figures and the background were unrelated, and yet the figures, transparent and intangible, and the background, dim in the gathering darkness, melted together into a sort of symbolic world not of this world. Particularly when a light out in the mountains shone in the center of the girl’s face, Shimamura felt his chest rise at the inexpressible beauty of it.”

I honestly don’t know what to make of this book. Could it be due to cultural differences? That couldn’t be the only reason… I couldn’t make sense of Shimamura’s apparent indifference toward his wife and children (who are rarely mentioned, and never by name), and even toward his lover. Perhaps “indifference” isn’t quite the right word, since it implies a capacity for concern that Shimamura doesn’t seem to possess. He’s a passive observer of his own life, never committing to anything, not even his own feelings. I couldn’t make sense of Komako’s drunkenness, her confusion about what she really wants from the man she’s sleeping with, her constant alternation between hostility and seeking affirmation of her worth. Actually, I could make sense of it, *sigh* but I was still frustrated by the terse, somewhat cryptic way Kawabata describes it. I couldn’t even make sense of Shimamura and Komako’s relationship, which remains stagnant the entire book, adding nothing of substance to their lives and apparently maintained only out of habit. I really couldn’t make sense of Shimamura’s interest in Yoko, who I suppose is an embodiment of innocence and purity, since she remains untouched by the (repressed) sexuality that haunts the book, but whatever significance her life holds for him completely eluded my grasp.

I do really admire Kawabata’s writing style, which is as fragile and luminous as the moths that litter the book, beating their wings to death against a screen or lantern in an attempt to reach an unattainable light. He’s become one of my models for how I want to write (as well as Chekhov and Proust—a guy can dream, can’t he?). So I’ll certainly read more of his work—even though now I’m almost afraid to, since this is generally considered his masterpiece. I just hope his other books make more sense to me, and help me make sense of this one.


Combing Hair (Kamisuki), by Torii Kotondo.

[Katia N · Rating 4 out of 5]

Reading this book is like being inside of a painting. He paints such a beautiful imagery with words. Spaces between the words, pauses matter as much as the words. I might not remember the characters very long but I would remember the ambiance of this book and the special kind of buzzing silence it creates.



Also he reminded me about one special kind of a fleeting moment I've seen so many times, but never was able to catch on camera. He starts the story when his main character observes the reflection of a woman face on the train's window juxtaposed against the station's landscape at night while the train stops. And the light from a streetlamp overlaps her eye in such a way that it replaces her pupil. It is unforgettable image. In the absence of this, I thought about snow. The feeling of a snow was another strong impression from this book. I got somewhere that his snow is warm. Now, i cannot find where...So just a bit a snow, unfortunately not from a Japanese mountain, but still:



(the photos are mine)

[Carolyn Marie · Rating 3 out of 5]

Full review in progress…

[Cheryl · Rating 3 out of 5]

Gray, the color of loneliness and dissatisfaction, of a heart torn by guilt and shame. Long, gray winters and snow-covered mountains, snow as high as his knees, snow to bury his secret rendezvous. Gray, the color a person sees, when he thinks the grass is greener elsewhere. Black and white forms gray in Kawabata's fictional creation, where the mountains are "black," but "brilliant with the color of the snow." Perhaps gray is the color of unrequited love, or of "wasted effort."

He was conscious of an emptiness that made him see Komako's life as beautiful but wasted, even though he himself was the object of her love; and yet the woman's existence, her straining to live, came touching him like naked skin. He pitied her, and he pitied himself.

Dispirited and longing for something that is implied but not spoken, Shimamura courts this symbolic world of darkness and cold, where there is "drab poverty…and yet under it lay an urgent, powerful vitality," and in it he finds "inexpressible" beauty.

Snow Country is where he goes to escape the wife and children; he seeks solitude in the land of the hot springs, where he becomes a different person with his hot-spring geisha: "The hot spring geisha must go on entertaining weekend guests, and the pretense that she is an artist and not a prostitute is often a thin one indeed." Komako sees her dreams and happiness within Shimamura, those dreams of the city and its cultured ways, and yet she knows that they can never be, that she can never be more than a geisha.

Komako is not the typical geisha. She is educated and refined in her approach, Shimamura notices at first. She reads a lot, and writes reviews within her journal, yet he also notices that her attitude has been plagued by the geisha life. He doesn't want to insult her at first, this gesiha who seems so courtly, so he asks for another geisha, but that geisha only reminds him of all that Komako is not. Soon, he notices how damaged and fragile she really is. Yet Shimamura still has eyes for the stereotypical geisha: Yoko. As they say, there is something about the eyes that impress.

I could feel the stillness of Kawabata's words, like the silence of the winter nights he portrays, but they also have sudden flashes of insight. This type of motion and fusion allures, but the dialogue is hollow and centers around random talk between these two characters, and yet the characters never get too close to be felt. I found myself waiting, waiting to be taken deeper into the soul of the story and characters, deeper into theme. Also, if one does not know about the geisha life, one should not expect to get backstory (except for what is in the introduction). Luckily, I've read Memoirs of a Geisha and its nonfiction counterpart, Geisha, a Life.

Other readers may find that they enjoy the idea of much being imparted, and much being inferred. I only wish I'd been able to wrap myself within its embrace. Like a Haiku, figurative language and terse prose encapsulate love and desire, loneliness and angst, secrets and lies, tragedy and pain.

Gray must be the color of dysphoria and anhedonia.

[Dmitri · Rating 4 out of 5]

Komako’s Promise
“It was almost too ordinary a thing to hear gossip about geisha from the hot spring masseuse, and that fact had the perverse effect of making the news the more startling. Komako’s having become a geisha to help her fiancé was so ordinary a bit of melodrama that he found himself almost refusing to accept it. Perhaps certain moral considerations, questions of the propriety of selling oneself as a geisha, helped the refusal. If Komako was the man’s fiancée, and Yoko was his new lover, and the man was going to die ‘a wasted effort’ again came into Shimamura’s mind.

For Komako thus to guard her promise to the end, for her even to sell herself to pay doctors’ bills, what was it if not a wasted effort? And yet her existence seemed to have become purer and cleaner for this new bit of knowledge. Aware of a shameful danger lurking in his numbed sense of the false and empty, he lay for some time after the masseuse left. He was chilled to the pit of his stomach, but someone had left the windows wide open.”

Samisen Performance
“A chill swept over Shimamura. The goose flesh seemed to rise even to his cheeks. The first notes opened a transparent emptiness deep in his entrails, and in the emptiness the sound of the samisen reverberated. He was startled, or better, he fell back as under a well aimed blow. Taken with a feeling almost of reverence, washed by waves of remorse, defenseless, quite deprived of strength, there was nothing to do but give himself up to the current, to the pleasure of being swept off wherever Komako would take him.

She was a mountain geisha, not yet twenty, and she could hardly be as good as all that, he told himself. In spite of the fact she was in a small room, was she not slamming away at the instrument as though she were on the stage? Komako purposely read the words in a monotone, now slowing down and now jumping over a passage but gradually she seemed to fall into a spell. As her voice rose higher, Shimamura began to feel a little frightened. How far would that strong, sure touch take him?

Komako looked up at the clear sky over the snow. ‘The tone is different on a day like this.’ The tone had been as rich and vibrant as she suggested. The air was different. There were no theater walls, there was no audience, there was none of the city dust. The notes went out into the clean winter morning, to sound on the far, snowy peaks. Practicing alone, with all the wideness of nature in this mountain valley for her companion, she had come as a part of nature to take on this special power. Her very loneliness beat down sorrow and fostered a wild strength of will. There was no doubt that it had been a great victory of the will.

To Shimamura it was wasted effort, this way of living. He sensed in it too a longing that called out to him for sympathy. But the life and way of living no doubt flowed thus grandly from the samisen with a new worth for Komako herself. Shimamura, untrained in the niceties of samisen technique and conscious only of the emotion in the tone, was perhaps an ideal audience for Komako.”

************
Yasunari Kawabata first published Snow Country in 1935-37 as a magazine serial and then as a rewritten novel in 1947, so it has a pre-war and post-war bibliographical history. It’s unclear what changes were made, but it is said the serial story was a first draft which wasn’t finished in time. The completed novel is a loosely woven fabric with unhemmed ends also. Kawabata wrote it at the hot spring village in the mountains where it takes place. He is known for simplicity, a feature of Zen which holds poetry, flower arrangement and calligraphy as possible paths to enlightenment.

Winter
Regardless of it’s artistic genesis, it is a realistic look at the sometimes sad relationship between a geisha and her client, told in a dreamlike modern prose. It was his breakthrough novel, and his most well known work ‘Thousand Cranes’ was published directly after in 1949. He won the Nobel Prize in 1968, with both works cited. It opens with Shimamura, a married man on a train to Yuzawa, a town in central Japan that regularly experiences 10’-15’ snows that blow in from Siberia in winter. He notices a woman, Yoko, who attends a sick companion, Yukio, during his trip to a local inn.

Spring
During his return he recalls his first meeting with Komako, a young girl who went to Tokyo to study. She has become a geisha, a female escort versed in the arts of music, dance and at times romance if she decides to allow it. It turns out Yoko and Yukio own the house she stays at, in a former silk worm factory. The village entertainers are unpolished and rustic compared to the city. Komako now wears the costume and makeup of a geisha but is attached to Shimamura. He is curious but noncommittal about their affair, which creates an unresolved tension between himself and Komako.

The style Kawabata writes in is so impressionistic at times it is easy to lose track of the plot, as much as there is one. The narrator digresses into lengthy descriptions of reflections on the train window or a little girl standing in snow with bare feet, and it is considered a masterpiece of Japanese writing. Eventually it develops into narrative conventions of setup, confict and resolution. This indirect manner puts the reader in the room, and into the interior experience of the writer. Shimamura is undecided whether he is attracted physically to Komako or is only interested in her life as a geisha.

Summer
He visits her home where the couple from the train are quarantined. She isn’t experienced or inclined towards the relationships of her profession, which confuses Shimamura. Instead of a typical service for his temporary enjoyment he finds he is being drawn further inside of her circumstances. Yoko takes care of Yukio, who is dying from tuberculosis. His mother was a geisha, and left the house to him. Shimamura meets a blind masseuse who can see more than people with eyesight. She tells him Komako became a geisha to pay for Yukio’s doctor and are engaged, which Komako denies.

Fall
Shimamura rejects her sacrifice as immoral. As her client he is aware of his hypocrisy but intrigued by her. He’s a rich dilettante from Tokyo who inherited his wealth, a western ballet critic who has never seen a performance. He is startled to find Komako is an accomplished musician. As with her support of Yukio he dismisses her playing as a waste of time. He’s the perfect audience for her, naive and susceptible to her charms. In the summer he goes home and returns in the fall. Yukio had died and Komako lives in a room paid for by a client, disappointed nothing has changed between them.

Over the years they have become so familiar with each other that the thrill of their affair is gone. Komako stays up late and drinks too much. He sees Yoko working at a inn, soon to be helping to host parties, and feels an attraction begin to stir. Kawabata shows the life of the geisha isn’t glamorous and the entertainers have a limited time before their novelty wears off. Reputation lost, it is more difficult to marry. The culture is different but human nature the same. Shimamura, connoisseur of hot springs, mountain geisha and fine linen kimonos, ultimately is absurd in light of the final tragedy.

[B0nnie · Rating 5 out of 5]

An image of a young woman reflected in the window of a train. A man watches her. Snow Country opens with a strange, beautiful scene which sets up the story, and leaves hints at what is to follow,

A woman’s eye floated up before him. He almost called out in his astonishment. But he had been dreaming, and when he came to himself he saw that it was only the reflection in the window of the girl opposite. Outside it was growing dark, and the lights had been turned on in the train, transforming the window into a mirror. The mirror had been clouded over with steam until he drew that line across it.

The story is impressionistic, revealed through glimpses and reflections. To see through a glass darkly: that is how the Kawabata displays this world. The glass is particularly dark for non-Japanese. We obviously miss some nuances in the translation and we are outsiders to the culture. But even in shadow, Snow Country shines brilliantly.

In the depths of the mirror the evening landscape moved by, the mirror and the reflected figures like motion pictures superimposed one on the other. The figures and the background were unrelated, and yet the figures, transparent and intangible, and the background, dim in the gathering darkness, melted together into a sort of symbolic world not of this world. Particularly when a light out in the mountains shone in the center of the girl’s face, Shimamura felt his chest rise at the inexpressible beauty of it.

Shimamura is the character around which everything happens. Like the eye of a storm, he is more about what is not there. His heart is cold. He sees surfaces, he admires beauty, but he lets nothing in.

Let this be his song: http://youtu.be/MCCPRy2pHzY

The plot is simple: Shimamura, a weathy married man, goes three times to a hot springs in the snow country of Japan and has an affair with a geisha named Komako. He is attracted to another woman, Yoko. There's a fire and he returns.

No doubt the movie version follows the plot. Does it have the invisible power that circles this slim volume? I rather doubt it.

Snow Country (雪国, Yukiguni) 1957.
Directed by Shirō Toyoda.

Komako is a tragic character, trapped in a life that she did not choose. She loves too strongly, and perhaps more than once.

The woman in the reflection, Yoko, has a presence so ambiguous I'm not sure where her heart is. She might be Komako's rival for two different men; she might be the one that Komako loves! or hates!

It's complicated.

The style of writing in Spring Snow is sparse and startling like a haiku. I will force this metaphor by turning the last sentence into one. Forced and imperfect, all the power of Kawabata remains:

his head fell back, and
the Milky Way flowed down
inside him with a roar

[Marc Lamot · Rating 2 out of 5]

Unlike the other two works by Kawabata I read (House of the Sleeping Beauties and Other Stories and Thousand Cranes), this one didn’t captivate me. Yet, the opening pages are of unparalleled beauty: a man in a train carriage at night observes his fellow travelers through the reflection in the steamed glass, which at the same time shows majestic snow-capped mountains in the background. But what follows is a sequence of rather bizarre scenes in which the man interacts with a fickle girl, a geisha in a mountain resort, who is attracted to him but at the same time repels him, and who also evokes both resistance and attraction in him. I struggled to get a grip on the story, but I have the impression that this book wasn't about that at all. Quite the contrary, perhaps Kawabata wanted to highlight the elusive and enigmatic of reality, as he did so sublimely in 'House of Sleeping Beauties'. Only, here it didn't work. Maybe it was the old Dutch translation I was reading, but also his precise, very descriptive style didn't quite come into its own here. Perhaps I have missed the right reading keys to appreciate this.

[Sasha · Rating 5 out of 5]

Why the fuck did no one tell me about kotatsus?



Do you know what this is?! It's got a stove in there! It's a heated tablebed! It's, like, you know how 20-somethings with instagram accounts call clumsy panda memes "everything"? but this is actual everything. I think we can all agree that the word "cozy" has had its day but fuck my puppies if I couldn't curl up and die in one of these things.

Anyway we've been talking about the "thin sheet of paper," as Jun'ichirō Tanizaki calls it, between the words and the world. We've been debating the elusive nature of these quietly devastating Japanese novels, which, some of them anyway, do this thing where you're reading them and thinking "but nothing is even happening," and then you finish them and realize that everything has happened. It's not exactly "vague," is it? Vague is the word prolific Japanese translator Edward Seidensticker uses, but it implies...it implies a lack of precision, and that's the opposite of what either Tanizaki or Kawabata are up to. Every page in these slim books says exactly what it intends to. Snow Country gets compared to haiku: stark, with unexpected vistas. Here's one by Basho, the master of haikus:

None is travelling
Here along this way but I,
This autumn evening.

Here's one I wrote for my roommate in college:

Crabs scuttle along
the wavering dark shoreline
of your mom's panties

We used to write a lot of haikus. College, man.

Which, I know, you're like the whole thing with a haiku is that it's super short, and this is super short for a novel, but that's still relatively long, isn't it? If you wanted to write a haiku you've wasted like 174 and a half pages. But waste is the theme of this book. There's this fabric called chijimi that they make in the snow country. It's beautiful and lush and it's so hard to make that there's really no way to recoup your time; it's an impractical business.



Shimamura is a dilettante. He studies ballet but he's never actually seen one. He has a geisha lover named Komako in snow country in the mountains. Geishas in the mountains aren't like the romantic, cultured Tokyo geishas; they're just hookers. Komako hopes Shimamura will take her away. He won't.