Gusto

by Giorgio Agamben

Questo studio è stato originariamente pubblicato in Enciclopedia Einaudi, vol. 6, Einaudi, Torino 1979

Un luogo comune vuole che il gusto sia l’organo con cui conosciamo la bellezza e godiamo delle cose belle. Dietro questa pacifica facciata, il saggio di Agamben mette invece a nudo la dimensione tutt’altro che rassicurante di una frattura che divide immedicabilmente il soggetto. All’incrocio di verità e bellezza, di conoscenza e piacere, il gusto appare come il sapere che non si sa e il piacere che non si gode. E, in questa nuova prospettiva, estetica ed economia, homo aestheticus e homo oeconomicus, rivelano una segreta e inquietante complicità.

Genres: Philosophy, Italian Literature, Theory, Education, Food

61 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1979

About the author

Giorgio Agamben is one of the leading figures in Italian and contemporary continental philosophy. He is the author of Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life; Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive; Profanations; The Signature of All Things: On Method, and other books. Through the 1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s he treated a wide range of topics, including aesthetics, literature, language, ontology, nihilism, and radical political thought.

In recent years, his work has had a deep impact on contemporary scholarship in a number of disciplines in the Anglo-American intellectual world. Born in Rome in 1942, Agamben completed studies in Law and Philosophy with a doctoral thesis on the political thought of Simone Weil, and participated in Martin Heidegger’s seminars on Hegel and Heraclitus as a postdoctoral scholar.

He rose to international prominence after the publication of Homo Sacer in 1995. Translated into English in 1998, the book’s analyses of law, life, and state power appeared uncannily prescient after the attacks on New York City and Washington, DC in September 2001, and the resultant shifts in the geopolitical landscape. Provoking a wave of scholarly interest in the philosopher’s work, the book also marked the beginning of a 20-year research project, which represents Agamben’s most important contribution to political philosophy.

Reviews

[Mohammed Yusuf · Rating 3 out of 5]

رحلة تفكيك مفهوم التذوق عبر أفلاطون، كانط ، والعصر الحديث ، يعيد عبرها قراءة المفهوم متسائلا عن كيف ان الحقيقة أصبحت قصد الفلسفة في شقها المعرفي بينما الجمال أضيف إلى الشق الأخلاقي

التذوق هو معرفة لا يمكن التمتع بها و رغبة لا يمكن معرفتها أو معرفة أسبابها، هذا هو المنشأ الافلاطوني لفكرة التذوق ، قبلها كان التذوق هو " sapor " منشأ " sapiens " أو الإنسان الذي يميزه العقل ، لماذا لم يتم التركيز على هذا الجانب هو السؤال الذي يطرحه اغامبين ، لماذا لم يتم التنبه إلى التذوق إلا في القرن السابع عشر وحتى في هذا العصر تم تركه جانبا

مقاربة التذوق الأولى هي مشكلة علم الجمال في عصرنا الحديث ، حيث هنالك علم لديه حقيقة لكن لا يتمتع بها ، بينما هناك إعجاب بالجميل من دون تبيين سبب واضح لذلك

أيضا يتسع بالفكرة إلى علم الاقتصاد السياسي و مفهوم تقديس السلعة عند ماركس حيث تصبح قيمة العلاقات مبنية على الإنتاج والتبادل ما يهم اغامبين هو مفهوم القيمة نفسه وأنها أداة أو رغبة في النهاية وكونها في الوقت نفسه قابلة للمعرفة لكنها غير معروفة هي مثلها مثل تلقي الجمالي عند أفلاطون، وكذلك علم التحليل النفسي ومفهوم اللا وعي عند فرويد حيث هو معرفة لكنها غير معروفة، هذه العلم يعتبرها تغطي مكانة العلم الديني وانحساره في الأزمنة الحديثة

هنالك علمين اخرين هما علم الدلالة و علم السيمياء أو الإشارة ، و هنا بين ليفي ستراوش الذي يقول بزيادة الدال على المدلول و بين بينفاستين والذي يقول بلا نهائية الإشارة و دلالتها تصير أيضا لدينا معرفة غير معروفة

الجانب اللغوي والانثروبولوجي مميز لدى اغامبين هو شئ من إعجابه الاول ب نيتشة لكن أحس كثيرا بانتقاءيته لمسار معين لتوضيح بعض المفاهيم ، و أحيانا تحسه يحلل ثقافيا أو اجتماعيا لا لغويا بأخذ مفاهيم قبله على ما هي عليه وإدخالها في تحليله بالتأكيد هو يقدم لها قراءة مختلفة لكن اعتمادية صحتها دون مراجعتها أو مراجعة سياقها لم يعجبني

[michal k-c · Rating 2 out of 5]

Agamben write a book over 80 pages challenge. this is fine but far too rushed. any book under 80 pages shouldn’t be half block quotes cmon now Agamben this is like what an undergrad does when they can’t hit the page limit

[Alexander · Rating 5 out of 5]

"Knowledge of love, philosophy, signifies: beauty must save truth and truth must save beauty. In this double salvation, knowlege is realized".

[Guilherme Smee · Rating 3 out of 5]

Gosto é outro livro de Giorgio Agamben que comprei por um valor irrisório na promoção de 50% da livraria Livros & Livros, da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Esta publicação fala sobre a concepção de gosto e de como ela foi mudando ao longo dos estudos feitos a respeito dessa percepção humana desde Descartes e Kant. São pequenos textos lidando com as relações humanas e históricas sobre o conceito de gosto. Infelizmente e sinceramente, este livro não me interessou tanto como alguns de Agamben, que tinha recentemente voltado ao meu radar por causa do ótimo livro Ninfas que li neste ano mesmo. Gosto vai ser mais um livro que vou me desfazer nos sebos.

[Tauan Tinti · Rating 4 out of 5]

Como o posfácio (aliás muito bom) coloca, aqui Agamben vai atrás do que é pra ele o lado bom da estética, que teria a ver com o belo (saber que não se sabe, sucedâneo das ciências divinatórias etc.), e não com a arte (oportunidade de emitir juízos estéticos). Bem legal, mesmo que talvez um pouco empolgado demais com o (pós?-)estruturalismo (de Lévi-Strauss a Lacan) que estava tão na moda na época em que o texto foi escrito (1979), e que no fim revisita como se inventasse a inescapável ostranenie do Chklóvski, talvez sem saber.

(aproveito pra citar a definição de gosto dada pelo Montesquieu p/ a Encyclopédie, só porque ela é muito legal: "a aplicação pronta e requintada de regras que nem sequer conhecemos". Aliás, no mesmo argumento do Agamben aparece uma ideia surpreendentemente boa, como sempre, do Diderot, no artigo sobre o belo - como relação, ou "pura ideia de relação em si e para si", nos termos do Agamben, quase uma figuração avant la lettre do signifiant flottant do Lévi-Strauss)

[Kevin · Rating 4 out of 5]

Nice webspun essay on nodal highlights from Western critiques of judgement. It gives me a reference to go back to for comparing Western thought to other resources, broadly Eastern—even though I only say so with generalization, since the comparative project is important and enjoyable to me. I wrote "Sambhogakaya..." in the opening pages, so I was not entirely surprised that Agamben concludes with the Sahitya-darpana, though this is a wide leap, I think both of these show a sensibility that is generative in ways modernity has failed to be. In a symposia, I would talk with you about this book and the 'one taste' of non-duality. In experience, I would simply continue to stay open to what our knowledge knows and what I enjoy though 'I know not what.'

[Oktaria · Rating 5 out of 5]

"Taste appears from the beginning as a ‘knowledge that does not know, but enjoys’ and as a ‘pleasure that knows’." (p. 22)

"Only such a pleasure, in which pleasure and knowledge are united, could attain to the ideal of wisdom \sapienzale\ and thus taste that an Indian poetic treatise, The Mirror of Composition (Sahitya-darpana...), has fixed in the concept of ‘flavour’ [sapore\ {rasa)\" (p. 77)

The relations between taste, knowledge, pleasure, love, wisdom, and art, beautifully written by Agamben. And I always love how he ended his chapter or book.

[Jonathan Alvarez · Rating 4 out of 5]

Me ha gustado un montón como en cinco cortos ensayos, Agamben desarrolla la tesis del conocimiento como un intermedio entre el Eros y el Sophos. Parte desde los griegos, pasa por la filosofía medieval y converge en nuestros días. Recomendado para quienes quieran tener algunas nociones generales sobre estética. El saber que no sabe y el placer que no goza jaja.

[H. · Rating 4 out of 5]

The sense of meaning is suspending in the delicate subtlety between those states:
Androgyne / each opposite sex
The one / The substitute
Lying serenely / Sitting patiently

It is that endless pursuit of absolute finite, the quest of comprehend "Unbezeichnung", lend power to our ability of enlightenment, and look, it is oozing from the cracks of life.

[Pamela · Rating 2 out of 5]

Short book. A large proportion of the book was just quotes with not much insight. My expectations were probably too high.

[Sevda Akyuz · Rating 5 out of 5]

food for thought