This is not an easy read, but it's an important one. Lydia Cacho is an immensely brave and strong journalist who has worked hard to understand how the sex trafficking industries function all over the world. If you don't feel like you have the stomach to make it through her book, do yourself a favor and watch an interview with her. She's an inspiring woman who manages to maintain hope in the fact of all of the horrors that she writes about.
Reading this at the same time as reading David Rock's "History of Argentina" was very interesting for me. The history of South America is one in which labor was the key to everything -- hence slavery. The colonizers wanted money -- from what? Silver. How to get it? Mine it. But how to make a profit? Use cheap labor, and the cheapest of all is slaves.
There are direct parallels with the sex industry. Someone is always making a profit off of the work of someone else's body. If there wasn't money at the end of it, then there would be power. Cacho calls not only for political action against sex trafficking but also a "transformation of masculinity"... which, of course, also inherently means a transformation of femininity as well. We have to fight against the normalization of the eroticization of people's bodies, and we have to fight against the normalization of sexual violence and gender equality in all societies. She calls not only for sex education but also love education, for every human being has the right to love and be loved and to have enjoyable consensual sex.
Cacho travels all over the world to document the abuses of women, men, and children at the hands of sex traffickers, corrupt police, corrupt governments, and the many mafias. This book feels like it was the short version of what could have been 1000+ pages of stories and accounts. She has an excellent analysis of the negative effects of postmodern feminist liberal thinking, and her conclusions chapter includes a very compelling argument against the legalization of sex work.
Some of the quotes that I marked while reading are as follows.
From the section on Cambodia: "Foreign families who want to give them a second chance occasionally adopt some of the youngest girls legally, but it's not an easy task. ... Whoever adopts them needs to understand that transforming the girls' views of themselves, women, sexuality, and their relationships with men will be a life-long mission. Otherwise the girls fail to adjust, they escape from their new homes and return to the familiar world of prostitution, where the rules are clear: everyone lies; take what you can get. ... 'Love and patience is not enough,' says Claudia Fronjosa." (p. 66)
"It is globalization's Achilles' heel: the inequality of cultures, economies, and legal systems, as well as the disparity in intervention capabilities among countries and regions, make it practically impossible to follow cases such as those presented here, no matter how well documented they are. Political will or its absence is a key factor in understanding why human slavery has remained a horrific issue; focusing on isolated cases makes it seem like a criminal phenomenon, a complex conundrum of disparate, individual stories, exaggerated by the fevered imaginations of NGOS." (p.90)
"The author [Diego Gambetta] explains that the mafia uses violence as a means and not an end, contrary to what the police have had us believe for years. The general view is that the mafia deals in violence. Gambetta refutes this perception and argues that 'protection' is in fact what the mafia is selling on different levels. Violence, to a greater or lesser degree, is a tool that allows the effective delivery of protection -- whether for a local trafficker who wants to ensure the safe transfer of his slaves from the airport to his bar..." (p. 146)
Regarding the idea that prostitution should be legalized because sex work should be seen as a viable choice like any other job and sex workers should have the freedom to express themselves: "Catherine MacKinnon responds to this argument. She notes that in the past the women's movement ' understood that the choice to be beaten by one man for economic survival was not a real choice, despite the appearance of consent a marriage contract might provide... Yet now we are supposed to believe, in the name of feminism, that the choice to be sexually used by hundreds of men for economic survival must be affirmed as a real choice, and if the woman signs a contract to be a "model" there is no coercion there." (p. 236)
Lydia Cacho is definitely one of my heroes. My only qualms with this book was, as other readers have mentioned, the writing could definitely use some improvement. Also, I wish that she would also talk about the sex trafficking and sexual abuse of males as well. Maybe that's too much to fit into this one book, but I wish she would have addressed the issue in some way even to say why she didn't focus on it.