From the very first page I’ve been intrigued to read the rest of this Italian tragicomedy novel with unparalleled curiosity, the theme was just strikingly unique and psychologically revealing.
The novel covers different topics, but the most prevailing and dominant thought is the idea of Sublimation. As what Freud have discussed it, sublimation is a sign of maturity or civilization, a kind of defense mechanism to deflect sexual desires or instincts into higher acts of valuation and culturally approved activities. Apparently, Moravia have read much of Freud, and he mainly have used this theme in the book.
The main character Federico that represents the Ego, is trying to avert his sexual desires, and rid of its demands and needs by focusing on an intellectually sublime idea, through trying to have a directing opportunity of a movie about a group of youthful political rebels, which in his opinion, will make him “superior” giving him a noble purpose in the burgoaise world he contempts and a reason of existence, conquering his “Id” that is represented by his “genitals”.
The nature had endowed Federico, with a “huge genitals” he has a peculiar kind of internal struggle that resulted from a kind of schizophrenic relation with his genitals that burdened him literally to satisfy the needs and whims of that entity” he gave him a name, Federico Rex The King, and all throughout the novel we see endless arguments and monologues but not with himself apparently but with “Him”, portraying the psychological turmoil and predicament that he is going through, trying in all ways to overcome this powerful presence and dominance of his genitals, his repressed sexual instincts and animal desires, the untamed self that wants everything and wants it right now. You cannot but laugh loudly when “He” implores Federico to do something with his childish selfish voice, putting poor Federico in a very obstructive awkward situations.
Federico’s eternal struggle to elevate himself and be “a superior” person over his sexual desires, was an obsessive idea that draws our sympathy and compassion, while he sees himself as an “inferior” human being a decadent unappreciated intellectual screen writer, who have been plagued by his huge genitals that controls him, possesses him and forcibly drives him to do all kinds of shameful impulsive immoral acts. At times appealing to his masochistic instinct making him relishing in the hits and blows of pain, and in others a sadistic animal who enjoys torturing others. He blames “him” for all his foolery and irrationality for putting him in unenvious troubles and torments.
He has this love hate relation with “Him”, at times he is exalting and bragging about Him telling everyone that he has this magnificent genitals as a Latin god like Facinus, or Siva or Priapo, obeying Him timidly and listening to “Him” while he is gloating about his entitlement to be worshiped, sculpted and hung on a necklace like Christ and worn by virgins. Demanding to be unzipped and set free to be seen unashamedly and blatantly by everyone “because he is the beauty of the world” because without “him” there is no world, there is no life, he is THE god deserved to be worshiped. In other times, we see Federico calling “Him” names frustratingly fights with Him, and desperately in his lowest level of self-loathing states holding the blade threatening and shouting to kill “Him” and rid himself off that Epicurus pleasure as a punishment for “Him” but not directly to himself as Federico!
The surface and most shallow interpretation of the novel will be that is a pornographic novel. I’m pretty sure that is not what Moravia has intended it to be, it doesn’t have a certain structure or style, it’s basically divided into chapters, that each chapter holds a special title that reflects the psychological torment Federico feels about himself such as ( exposed, alienated abused, schizophrenic, and so on) in introspection, everyone can relate to this novel projecting the inner most psychological desires or drives.
Federico basically divides people into two groups, those who are “superior” by money, power, social status, and those who are “inferior” by born, and ethically weak, morally defeated, and culturally illiterates.The only way to be superior in Federico’s opinion is through art and love. We see his miserable struggle to achieve these two. While he is on his way to do that, he commits all kinds of “inferior” acts, and he degrades himself to a lot of people, knowingly and consciously blames “Him” for his failure and misfortune, while his “id” is laughingly mocking him. He is aware when he is in a position of weakness of his vileness, seeing himself a “repulsive fat, bold and misfortunate man with a huge genitals” and he tries to compensate his degeneration by boosting his ego through making his wife – who formerly was a bell girl or a prostitute- feeling unscrupulously low and unworthy. Being aware of her inferiority, ignorance and highly indebted to Federico, his wife doesn’t show resistance, to her husband’s contempt, and only in these moments Federico regains some of his pride, feeling strong but not very pleased with his behavior. While “Him” always nags Federico to sleep with whomever, Federico shows a pathetic resistance to “Him” rationalizing his rejection by desiring to live a life of abstinence to focus on the highly and the good, dedicating himself to a life of intellect, creativity and writing, which at the end leads to no avail but the superiority of his sexual repressed desires.
His only attempt to reach the sublime and elevated love was with Erne’. Erne’ manifests the unreachable woman that he couldn’t have, the elevated lust-less emotions, where to a certain point at the end of the novel, he thought that he surpassed “Him “and he was able to conquer” Him” when “He “ retreated to utmost silence, and we sympathize with Federico when he panicked at the thought of losing “Him” the one and only true friend he has, and he started to bargain with Him, making small gesture of reconciliation, till “He” betrayed Federico and implored him to attempt raping Erne’s daughter. The thought of being a pedophile was the moment when Federico realized his defeat, and Moravia had concluded his idea of the superior and the inferior, but that is for everyone to interpret it on its own.