There are zillions of books on Mahatma Gandhi, tomes that deal with his politics, his philosophy, his years as an anglicized lawyer in South Africa, his dawning political consciousness, his move to India, his genius, his austerity, his impact on Indian polity and anti-colonialism, his experiments with, well, truth and other things. There are volumes that record and analyze threadbare, no doubt with some reverence, every facet of his life and work. Yet the number of books on his assassin can be counted on two hands. Having being blitzed about the Mahatma aspect of Gandhi more than about his politics all through school, I was only now, after over two decades, ready to read up on the man who was Gandhi, the state of the country at that time, and the reason why he was killed. I began with Manohar Malgonkar’s The Men Who Killed Gandhi.
Gandhi’s death is not generally talked about in India except that he was martyred by a fundamentalist assassin. As Malgonkar’s book reveals, it’s a decision taken by Nehru when Nathuram Godse’s speech during his trial defending his crime allegedly left many teary eyed in the court room. Nehru, fearing Godse would be deified and Gandhi demonized, banned the speech from getting published. Perhaps in the same vein, research into Godse was discouraged. With the result, we are no closer to understanding Godse or his thinking than we were in 1948.
Manohar Malgonkar’s The Men Who Killed Gandhi, first published in 1975 and updated for a reprint in 2008, tries to correct that information gap and succeeds somewhat. Malgonkar was a journalist based in Delhi during the assassination and subsequent trial and sentencing of Godse and fellow conspirators and presumably had a ringside view of the events. His Marathi background also seems to have helped him in his interviews with the accused and gather some important source materials from their families, including the personal papers of Nathuram. Perhaps the primary problem, as he himself says, was the vagueness of their memories. That vagueness sometimes percolates into the narrative. For a book touted to read like a “thriller”, I often had to stop and re-read earlier pages to figure out who the author was talking about and when. The blurring between past and present was confusing. And the fact that the book was dealing with the lives of the “men” who killed him, rather than just the “man” who actually pulled the trigger meant that precision and depth were sacrificed for a broadbrush reportage.
The author himself was well aware of the imprecise nature of his work, which was “based on other people’s memories of events that had taken place more than twenty years earlier.” He also acknowledges the possibility that they might be lying on occasion and tries to sift truth from falsehood. But we as readers are not given much of an insight into how he made those judgement calls.
The book is also not that exhaustively indexed or sources made absolutely clear. Perhaps one should not attempt to read Malgonkar’s book as I did – as a piece of well-researched history. Rather, consider it a piece of opinion infused journalism, using other people’s narratives to construct a story of a murder. It’s hugely subjective, especially in its downplaying of Savarkar’s role in the assassination without offering adequate proof of his innocence. The circumstantial evidence was pretty damning, but police ineptitude and haphazard investigation process ensured that some lines of evidence were never properly followed through. Malgonkar acknowledges those damning circumstances, yet appears to bend over backwards in exonerating Savarkar. I was not completely convinced that Savarkar had no role in Gandhi’s assassination.
The book is about the murder, focussing on the last year or so of the assassination. As a result, the childhood and youth of these men are touched upon only briefly.
In the end, it was a quick and easy read. While I got an overview of the events that led to the assassination, there were still huge gaps in my understanding of the kind of man Nathuram was, leave alone the other players.
In the end, Nathuram remains as much of a mystery as ever.