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Análisis de la fobia de un niño de cinco años: el pequeño Hans. A propósito de un caso de neurosis obsesiva: el Hombre de las Ratas

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Ordenamiento, comentarios y notas de James Strachey con la colaboración de Anna Freud, asistidos por Alix Strachey y Alan Tyson.

Traducción directa del alemán a cargo de José Luis Etcheverry, cotejada con la edición inglesa bajo la dirección de James Strachey –Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud- cuyo ordenamiento, comentarios y notas se reproducen en la presente versión.

«... Hemos tratado de justificar un modo de traducción; consistió en practicar una encuesta por los textos para registrar sus constantes, su composición molecular, su juego interno, y ello para que la versión pudiera servir de punto de partida a un pensamiento creador. Tuvimos siempre presente la reflexión que dirigió Don Quijote en Barcelona a uno que traducía del italiano: los originales son como esos bellísimos tapices de Flandes, de maravilloso colorido; las traducciones los muestran del revés, sólo su trama, sólo su esqueleto. Nos hemos empeñado en mostrar la trama, y no desesperamos de que algo de los brillantes colores del texto original haya pasado al nuestro.» José Luis Etcheverry, 1978

276 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1955

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About the author

Sigmund Freud

4,362 books8,492 followers
Dr. Sigismund Freud (later changed to Sigmund) was a neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, who created an entirely new approach to the understanding of the human personality. He is regarded as one of the most influential—and controversial—minds of the 20th century.

In 1873, Freud began to study medicine at the University of Vienna. After graduating, he worked at the Vienna General Hospital. He collaborated with Josef Breuer in treating hysteria by the recall of painful experiences under hypnosis. In 1885, Freud went to Paris as a student of the neurologist Jean Charcot. On his return to Vienna the following year, Freud set up in private practice, specialising in nervous and brain disorders. The same year he married Martha Bernays, with whom he had six children.

Freud developed the theory that humans have an unconscious in which sexual and aggressive impulses are in perpetual conflict for supremacy with the defences against them. In 1897, he began an intensive analysis of himself. In 1900, his major work 'The Interpretation of Dreams' was published in which Freud analysed dreams in terms of unconscious desires and experiences.

In 1902, Freud was appointed Professor of Neuropathology at the University of Vienna, a post he held until 1938. Although the medical establishment disagreed with many of his theories, a group of pupils and followers began to gather around Freud. In 1910, the International Psychoanalytic Association was founded with Carl Jung, a close associate of Freud's, as the president. Jung later broke with Freud and developed his own theories.

After World War One, Freud spent less time in clinical observation and concentrated on the application of his theories to history, art, literature and anthropology. In 1923, he published 'The Ego and the Id', which suggested a new structural model of the mind, divided into the 'id, the 'ego' and the 'superego'.

In 1933, the Nazis publicly burnt a number of Freud's books. In 1938, shortly after the Nazis annexed Austria, Freud left Vienna for London with his wife and daughter Anna.

Freud had been diagnosed with cancer of the jaw in 1923, and underwent more than 30 operations. He died of cancer on 23 September 1939.

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Displaying 1 - 16 of 16 reviews
Profile Image for Cristian Ferreira.
12 reviews
November 20, 2025
El hombre de las ratas: el texto más entretenido e importante sobre neurosis obsesiva que se haya escrito hasta ahora.
Profile Image for Abraham Granados.
23 reviews1 follower
September 29, 2016
"No estamos habituados a registrar en nosotros afectos intensos sin contenido de representación, y por eso, cuando éste falta, acogemos como subrogado otro que de algún modo convenga; es lo que hace nuestra policía: si no puede atrapar al verdadero asesino, aprisiona en su lugar a uno falso.
Nuestro pequeño paciente, no estuvo quizá más enfermo que tantos otros niños a quienes no se pone el marbete de "degenerados"; pero como él fue educado sin amedrentamiento, con el mayor respeto y la menor compulsión posibles, su angustia salió a luz con más osadía. Le faltaron los motivos de la mala conciencia y del temor al castigo, que de ordinario contribuyen a empequeñecer esa angustia. A mi juicio, hacemos mucho caso a los sintómas, y muy poco a aquello de lo cual surgen" -Freud.
Profile Image for Vassili.
47 reviews5 followers
February 1, 2008
Lo he dicho ya y lo repito; la prosa de Freud es entretenida. A diferencia de algunos de sus discípulos, Freud si logra hacerse entender. En estos dos casos clínicos podemos ver al psicoanálisis en acción. Aunque a veces sus interpretaciones pueden parecer jaladas de los pelos, Freud menciona en un párrafo que el psicoanálisis no aspira a ser una ciencia exacta sino un tratamiento; así que no importa si es cierto que tener miedo de los caballos echados alude al miedo a tener otro hermano o si imaginarse ratas perforando el ano del padre y la amada tiene que ver con el complejo de Edipo; lo importante es que ambos pacientes fueron curados por herr doktor.
Profile Image for Román Hernández.
160 reviews7 followers
May 25, 2022
En esta ocasión el siguiente volumen comprende el análisis de dos casos: el caso de Hans (análisis de las Fobias) y el "Hombre de las Ratas" (análisis de la Obsesión Compulsiva). En el primero, por medio de cartas escritas y enviadas por el padre, Freud analiza el caso de un niño que padece Fobia a los caballos. A través del caso, correlaciona las fobias como productos del conflicto de Castración en la etapa Falica y como la rivalidad edipica tiene como base la construcción de las representaciones en las fobias. El miedo al objeto no es mas que la representación desplazada de conflictos angustiosos en esta etapa.
En el segundo, un caso de una aparente perturbación se analiza la Neurosis obsesiva como el resultado de un compromiso entre conflictos psíquicos reprimidos con alto contenido angustioso. Es interesante como aborda Freud la obsesión no como los síntomas psiquiátricos, sino las características más comunes como la incertidumbre, la superstición y especialmente la ambivalencia de amor/odio que se juega en el obsesivo y se expresa a través de sus síntomas.
En ambos casos explica el desarrollo de los conflictos que predominan en el sujeto, teniendo como base la infancia
Profile Image for michal k-c.
903 reviews122 followers
January 18, 2022
psychoanalysis is all here in its nascent form: Oedipalization, castration, transference, and psychosexual repression. In the discussions of both cases Freud articulates some of the founding principles of the practice in such a clear and practical way that it's baffling how many uncharitable readings of Freud still persist out there. He details why the practicing psychoanalyst should never be seen taking notes in the same room as the analysand, which reminded me of how later psychotherapists (Guattari specifically) started to experiment with tape recording patients with schizophrenia à la Krapp's Last Tape. Anyway I do not believe for one second, as Freud did, that the Rat man never read any Freud (he claims to have only "skimmed"). Rat Man clearly read Psychopathology of Everyday Life (which we know he owned along with other psychoanalytic lit.), at least the bits on jokes and slips, and thought "yup that's me"

Profile Image for Vanessa.
23 reviews
April 6, 2024
I read the Little Hans case from this volume, one which I think fully debunks the misconceptions people have about psychoanalysis' veracity. Rather than being an ironclad defence, the many failures & cracks in the father's procedure are what give the overall method of psychoanalysis grounding. We get to see the fault lines, where the child pushes back against the father's assumptions & where the father tries to stray away from genuinely psychoanalytic findings due to ignorance, only to finally accept them when they become unavoidable. This gives even the many instances of the father assuming something & the son acquiescing its truth believability—we get to see the consequences of those assumptions being false & the ways they can be/are confirmed. No other work has demonstrated so strongly to me the methodological content & value of psychoanalysis.
Profile Image for madziar.
1,544 reviews
November 7, 2018
Historia Małego Hansa pokazuje, w jakiś sposób uruchomić aparat analizy do opowiedzenia kompletnej historii terapii 5-latka, na gruncie nie do końca w tamtych czasach zbadanym.
Historia Człowieka-Wilka jest rekonstrukcją dzieciństwa chłopca, które narażony na widok rodziców w sytuacji intymnej, zaczyna przechodzić od fazy lęku, poprzez natręctwa ruchowe i myślowe o podłożu religijnym, przechodzi przez kilka sesji terapii aż do pełnego wyzdrowienia
Profile Image for Mari.
109 reviews
October 19, 2021
Si lo lees como un cuentito esta bien... pero no puedo creer que esto se siga enseñando en las licenciaturas de Psicología y que estos aportes teóricos pseudocientificos sean utilizados en la actualidad para abordar a la salud mental.

Pobre juanito que tuvo que inventarse un caballo para castrarse. Pobre Paul por tener un jefe tan boludo y un padre gatienzo(?

Recuerden buscar y exigir PSICOLOGIA BASADA EN EVIDENCIA CIENTÍFICA
Profile Image for Pablo Benítez.
1 review1 follower
January 14, 2020
Excelente. Los casos documentados de Freud son sumamente interesantes y ayudan a profundizar los debates teóricos del psicoanálisis. Este caso particular es interesante por las reflexiones sobre las fobias y los traumas durante la infancia.
Profile Image for Laura.
590 reviews33 followers
February 7, 2017
Psychoanalysis in action. It is the first time I read Freud as a primary source and I found it both an eye-opener and a starting point for further questions. His prose is actually fluid and easy to understand although I would be lying if I were to state that I captured every connection of the neuroses/phobias in little Hans/the Ratman with their unconscious and Freud's subsequent interpretations. Overall, although some of his theories have been discredited, I am intrigued as to how this one man could have so much insight into our subjective self. Subsequent neurology studies having confirmed physiologically some of his hypotheses convincingly, it is safe to say we are in the presence of a genius. And ok! I am only a century late! Better late than never. I think my main point of learning here is how key every experience we have in the early years is to the formation of our thought patterns, basic everyday neurosis and sense of self. No mean responsibility for a parent.
Profile Image for Jana.
62 reviews30 followers
January 28, 2008
I get annoyed with Freud at these points... his readings and interpretations of patients. Seems that dreams are wishes when that suits his conclusion and dreams are anxieties when that suits. Damned if you do, damned if you don't. I guess my bristling exhibits a bit about my own resistance to potentially being read and interpreted by the male "expert" as it suits his purpose. Also, the whole redundancy of the Oedipal story... father begets son overturns father begets his own son overturns father... doesn't speak to my experience, which then what? ...puts me in the Dora camp rather than the Little Hans... uggh.
Profile Image for Christine.
32 reviews
December 16, 2012
This volume includes:
Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy (Little Hans)
Notes Upon a Case of Obsessional Neurosis (Rat Man)
Both were written in 1909.
Displaying 1 - 16 of 16 reviews

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