I first read this book over 20 years ago and just re-read it. There are timeless lessons here despite it being published in 1993. Here are some quotes and highlights:
“A team is a small group of people (typically fewer than 20) with complementary skills committed to a common purpose and set specific performance goals. Its members are committed to working with each other to achieve the team’s purpose and hold each other fully and jointly accountable for the team’s results.” Exceptional teams become deeply dedicated to each other, they look out for each other’s welfare, and genuinely enjoy each other’s company.
“Cultivating a few real teams is one of the best ways of upgrading the overall performance ethic of an organization.”
The disciplined application of “team basics” is often overlooked. Team basics include size, purpose, goals, skills, approach, and accountability. “The most critical factor in the development of a high-performance team lies in the initial selection of its members.”
In high-performance teams, the role of the team leader is less important and more difficult to identify. Team leaders are distinguished by their attitude and what they do not do. Companies with strong performance standards seem to spawn more “real teams.” High-performance teams are extremely rare. Teams are the best way to integrate across structural boundaries and to both design and energize core processes. Teams naturally integrate performance and learning. The book discusses the “learning organization“ and how to balance short-term performance emphasis with long-term institution building.
“Real teams are much more likely to flourish if leaders aim their sights on performance results that balance the needs of customers, employees, and shareholders. Clarity of purpose and goals have tremendous power in our ever more change-driven world. Most people understand that job security depends on customer satisfaction and financial performance, and are willing to be measured and rewarded accordingly. What is perhaps less well appreciated, but equally true, is how the opportunity to meet clearly stated customer and financial needs enriches jobs and leads to personal growth.”
“Groups become teams through disciplined action. They shape a common purpose, agree on performance goals, define a common working approach, develop high levels of complementary skills, and hold themselves mutually accountable for results. They never stop doing any of these things.”
Like most people, companies recognize and respond more readily to threat-based major change. Help create the sense of urgency needed for change. Behavioral change occurs more readily in the team context. Teams are not as threatened by change as are individuals left to fend for themselves.
The team’s near-term performance goals must always relate directly to its overall purpose. A common, meaningful purpose sets the tone and aspiration. Specific performance goals are an integral part of the purpose. It’s about the continuing integration of purpose and performance goals.
When people do real work together toward a common objective, trust and commitment follow. Accountability, then, provides a useful litmus test of the quality of a team’s purpose and approach. There is also a strong personal commitment to one another’s growth and success.
“Behind high-performance teams lies a story of commitment. Like any real team, a high-performance team must have a small number of people with the required skills, purpose, goals, approach, and accountability described in our working definition. What sets apart high-performance teams, however, is the degree of commitment, particularly how deeply committed the members are to one another. Such commitments go well beyond civility and teamwork. Each genuinely helps the other to achieve both personal and professional goals. Furthermore, such commitments extend beyond company activities and even beyond the life of the team itself.”
“Real teams do not emerge unless the individuals on them take risks involving conflict, trust, interdependence, and hard work. For most of us such trust and interdependence do not come easily; it must be earned and demonstrated repeatedly.”
Conflict, like trust and interdependence, is also a necessary part of becoming a real team. Engaging in constructive conflict is necessary to move forward and innovate.
Each team must find its own path to its own unique performance challenge.
The common approach to building team performance is worth the read.
“The essence of a team leader's job is striking the right balance between providing guidance and giving up control, between making tough decisions and letting others make them, and between doing difficult things alone and letting others learn how to do them. Just as too much command will stifle the capability, initiative, and creativity of the team, so will too little guidance, direction, and discipline.” “The key to the leader's evolving role always lies in understanding what the team needs and does not need from the leader to help it perform. The team leader is the ultimate utility infielder or substitute player; he or she must be there to deliver only as needed.”
The six things necessary to good team leadership is timeless.
Chinese philosopher Lao-Tzo is quoted as saying, “As for the best leaders, the people do not notice their existence. The next best, the people honor and praise. The next, the people fear; and the next, the people hate. When the best leader’s work is done, the people say, ‘We did it ourselves.’”
The book states, “Vital characteristics necessary for high performance in the 1990s and beyond: visionary leadership, empowered work forces, dedication to customers, total quality, continuous improvement and innovation, supplier partnering, strategic alliances, skill- and time-based competition.”
“Top managers must consider teams in balance with strategy, individual assignments, hierarchy and structure, and basic management support and cross-cutting workflow processes.” “Effective top managers will increasingly worry about both performance and the teams that will help deliver it.”
Open communication and knowledge management is critical for future success. In information era organizations, “there are no guards, only guides.”
Future organization designs will seek structures simpler and more flexible, organizing work and behavior around processes instead of functions or tasks, and will emphasize teams as the key performance unit of a company.