It's interesting to read this book almost 60 years after it was written. So much has changed in our world, that annihilation by nuclear bomb is no longer considered to be our biggest concern. Other than a few rogue states, the use of nuclear weapons seems to have been considered and rejected by the world powers. That's not to say that we could not have a nuclear war -- it just seems like a significantly more remote probability.
However, Lilienthal's concerns about using nuclear science in peaceful applications has somewhat proved to be accurate. Disposal of nuclear waste is a problem that hasn't really been solved. Power plant disasters have occurred due to the actions of both man and nature. There are some nuclear power plants in use around the world, but there doesn't seem to be much interest in increasing the number substantially.
Lilienthal raised interesting and valid concerns and the book is very readable. I would recommend it to anyone who is interested in the history and future of this topic.