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Valperga

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Valperga (1823), the novel Mary Shelley wrote after Frankenstein, is based on the life of Castruccio Castracani (1281-1328), Prince of Lucca. A brilliant soldier and cruel tyrant, he successfully commanded Ghibelline forces in Tuscany against the Guelphs. Woven into the story of this factional conflict are the tragic destinies of two heroines, fictional creations of the author. Ethanasia, Countess of Valperga, finds herself increasingly torn between loyalty to her Guelph roots and her lifelong affection for Castruccio. Beatrice, whom the author's father, William Godwin, described as 'the jewel of the book', is a heretical Paterin with whom Castruccio falls in love only to abandon.

This meticulously researched historical novel combines a narrative of suspense with a remarkable reconstruction of manners in the Middle Ages. Set in the period of Dante's lifetime, it is also suffused with a poetic spirit which evokes the beauties of Italy's physical environment and points to the melancholy inevitability of change. This edition provides a clear account of the circumstances in which Valperga was composed and published.

462 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1823

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About the author

Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley

2,343 books8,520 followers
Mary Shelley (née Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, often known as Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley) was an English novelist, short story writer, dramatist, essayist, biographer, travel writer, and editor of the works of her husband, Romantic poet and philosopher Percy Bysshe Shelley. She was the daughter of the political philosopher William Godwin and the writer, philosopher, and feminist Mary Wollstonecraft.

Mary Shelley was taken seriously as a writer in her own lifetime, though reviewers often missed the political edge to her novels. After her death, however, she was chiefly remembered only as the wife of Percy Bysshe Shelley and as the author of Frankenstein. It was not until 1989, when Emily Sunstein published her prizewinning biography Mary Shelley: Romance and Reality, that a full-length scholarly biography analyzing all of Shelley's letters, journals, and works within their historical context was published.

The well-meaning attempts of Mary Shelley's son and daughter-in-law to "Victorianise" her memory through the censoring of letters and biographical material contributed to a perception of Mary Shelley as a more conventional, less reformist figure than her works suggest. Her own timid omissions from Percy Shelley's works and her quiet avoidance of public controversy in the later years of her life added to this impression.

The eclipse of Mary Shelley's reputation as a novelist and biographer meant that, until the last thirty years, most of her works remained out of print, obstructing a larger view of her achievement. She was seen as a one-novel author, if that. In recent decades, however, the republication of almost all her writings has stimulated a new recognition of its value. Her voracious reading habits and intensive study, revealed in her journals and letters and reflected in her works, is now better appreciated. Shelley's recognition of herself as an author has also been recognized; after Percy's death, she wrote about her authorial ambitions: "I think that I can maintain myself, and there is something inspiriting in the idea". Scholars now consider Mary Shelley to be a major Romantic figure, significant for her literary achievement and her political voice as a woman and a liberal.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 45 reviews
Profile Image for Sean Barrs .
1,120 reviews47.9k followers
March 11, 2021
Valperga is a rather unbalanced novel. It has exciting plot points, a fast-moving style and a huge amount of political intrigue. But what it lacks is character, tension and drama.

It is largely underwhelming despite how well-researched it is and how much content the book covers. It is almost like Shelley forgot how to write interesting characters whilst she focused on the historical elements. So much happens, and Shelley sweeps over these events without really detailing their impact on her protagonist. He has absolutely no depth to him. It is like reading a historical account of his life with a bit of action thrown in.

A hugely significant episode occurred early in the book, an episode which appeared to be so important for the growth of her protagonist’s mind and viewpoint, but it was not really mentioned again. And I found this odd because it was one of the only episodes in the book that firmly established it as a novel of the romantic era. It focused on nature, the devastating impact of war and the simple beauty of gaining inner peace and satisfaction with one’s place in life. These notions swept over his mind. So why mention them at all?

This isn’t a book I’d recommend to anyone, unless perhaps you are researching the author and want to read everything she has written. There are so many books out there that do what this book attempts to do, only much better.
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Profile Image for Paul.
2,795 reviews20 followers
July 3, 2021
I don’t read a lot of historical fiction, mainly because I find it a slightly strange concept. I don’t really understand the desire to tell semi-fictional stories with a cast of real people… I mean, if I want to know the actual history, I’d rather read a history book, and I prefer my fiction to be, well, 100% fictional.

I do make the occasional exception, though, and I’m glad I did with this one. This was Shelley’s second novel, after the much more famous Frankenstein, and it’s a good one. She retells the life of early-14th century lord Castruccio Castracani but she spends a great deal of time portraying events from the point of view of some of the women in his life and the real meat of the story ends with the death of one of them.

Honestly, the book does hit the doldrums a bit in the middle but the beginning is excellent as is the end. This one’s well worth a read, even if, like me, it’s not your usual wheelhouse.

My next book: Guardians of the Galaxy vol. 2: Here We Make Our Stand
Profile Image for Aria Ligi.
Author 5 books32 followers
September 1, 2016
Next to Frankenstein, this is Mary Shelley's finest novel (Frankenstein being her very best). This book is enchanting, with elegantly drawn characters as well as depictions of the picturesque landscape, and the times in which it takes place.
The mark of a great novel is that it leaves the reader not only thinking, but intrinsically altered in indefinable ways. Valperga does just that. It is Romantic without being riddled with cliches, or falling prey to the trap of sophistic pedantry. As such, it stands alone as work of unparalleled depth which does not merely graze the realm of the divine, but indeed takes us within it.
Profile Image for Mad.
286 reviews24 followers
August 6, 2022
Davvero un viaggio coinvolgente. Un romanzo storico ambientato nel Trecento che vede protagonisti il ghibellino Castruccio (un uomo che da ragazzo pieno di sogni diventa un tiranno dispotico e senza cuore) e l'amore della sua vita, Eutanasia (sì, si chiama proprio così), una guelfa integerrima e pronta a lottare per la propria fazione.
È in pieno spirito romantico e gotico: aspettatevi infinite divagazioni sulla natura circostante e dialoghi pomposi e solitari.
La storia è coinvolgente e commuove il personaggio di Eutanasia, una donna forte, colta ma dalla forte sensibilità. Ama Castruccio ma si fa forza delle convinzioni e della ragione per non piegarsi alla malvagità.
Profile Image for Monica. A.
424 reviews37 followers
April 23, 2020
La storia di Castruccio inizia con la sua prima infanzia e la fuga da Lucca verso Firenze.
Castruccio e la sua famiglia sono ghibellini, sostenitori dell'imperatore. Nel 1301 i guelfi, cacciati da Pistoia, si traferirono a Lucca costringendo i ghibellini alla fuga.
Giunto a Valperga Castruccio si vede costretto a crescere in breve tempo a causa della situazione politica ma soprattutto per la morte dei genitori.
Messer Antonio era un guelfo. Durante una battaglia catturò Ruggieri, il padre di Castruccio, lo curò e poi lo restituì al suo signore Manfredi. In seguito a questo episodio nacque l'amicizia fra i due rivali. Eutanasia, figlia del nobile guelfo, sarà destinata a divenire la figura femminile più importante della vita di Castruccio. Personaggio inventato, Eutanasia sembra essere il tramite per una tregua fra le due fazioni.
Anche Beatrice, altra figura fondamentale alla storia è inventata.
Secondo romanzo della Shelley, questa volta ambientato nel medioevo italiano, prende spesso spunto da Dante e dalle personali esperienze dell'autrice in Italia.
Romanzo che ricorda molto Ann Radcliffe, forse per l'ambientazione in Italia e, allo stesso tempo Walter Scott, bello ma non di facile lettura.
Profile Image for Silvia.
303 reviews20 followers
November 8, 2024
3.5⭐ un romanzo storico-romantico-gotico che forse proprio perché vuole essere troppe cose finisce per risultare ridondante e sovraccarico nello stile. L'ambientazione medievale e le descrizioni dei paesaggi sono sicuramente evocative, ma non bastano per apprezzare in pieno queste seicento faticose pagine.
Profile Image for Tanabrus.
1,981 reviews199 followers
August 31, 2016
Ho preso questo libro spinto solo dal protagonista, Castruccio Castracani, uno dei personaggi di spicco della storia di Lucca.
Se da un lato l'ambientazione mi emozionava, dall'altro l'autrice non mi dava grandi garanzie: di Mary Shelley -come penso quasi tutti- avevo letto finora solo Frankenstein, e l'avevo trovato deludente, enormemente sopravvalutato.

Questo libro è una sorta di romance storico ambientato nel 1300, e segue bene o male la vita di Castruccio Castracani dall'infanzia in esilio fino alla nomina a Duca e alla morte per malattia.
In mezzo, l'autrice inserisce due personaggi inventati per creare il romance: la contessa di Valperga (castello altrettanto inventato e posto nelle vicinanze di Lucca), Euthanasia (che allegria di nome, eh?), amica d'infanzia e grande amore di Castruccio; e Beatrice, figlia di una pagana eretica salvata da un prete e cresciuta come una profetessa, che perderà la testa per il condottiero lucchese.

La storia in sé non sarebbe male, ma il grosso problema è rappresentato dalla scrittura.
Non mi sembrava così malaccio in Frankenstein (pure scritto subito prima di questo libro), quindi probabilmente Mary Shelley avrà voluto tentare di adeguare lo stile al periodo storico.
Il risultato è ampolloso, infiorettato, tutto un elogio di virtù e qualità celestiali, grandi passioni innocenti e divine. Certi capitoli erano poesie d'amore di Dante o del Petrarca, rese prosa e protratte per molte, troppe pagine.

Confesso di aver spesso saltato interi brani, la parte centrale del libro in questo è la peggiore.
Peccato perché altrimenti mi avrebbe sicuramente conquistato, visto l'argomento. Ma ho fatto davvero fatica a portare avanti la lettura, non va bene.
Profile Image for Steve R.
1,055 reviews65 followers
June 12, 2021
A very interesting examination of political and personal morality, set in early fourteenth century Italy (1300-1330), at just the time at which Dante wrote his Divine Comedy (1320) and well before, even more appropriately, Machiavelli wrote his treatise on amoral realpolitik The Prince (1530s). The independent city states of Italy were divided into Guelph and Ghibelline factions. Ostensibly, they disagreed on whether to place their allegiance with the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (Ghibelline) or with the Pope in Rome (Guelph). However, as Shelley presents it, this conflict is more between those who wish to establish suzerainty over other powers (Ghibelline) and those who desire to maintain their independence (Guelph). Largely a struggle between the cities of Lombardy and those of Tuscany, this fierce rivalry breaks down to one between the city of Lucca and its Prince Castruccio and that of Florence, whose independence is symbolized by the figure of his one time betrothed, Euthanasia.

This personalization of the conflict works to develop a strong emotional tinge to the story, but it nonetheless maintains its relatively didactic theme of whether one should work for one's own personal aggrandizement, or instead be guided by a more general, tolerant, and peaceful morality. As Shelley expresses it, in the Italy of that time, one thought mostly about how to advance oneself, and secondly, about how to advance one's city. That both these changes could only be achieved at the expense of the powers and freedoms of others, and would lead to wars, deaths and devastation, was of little consequence. On a smaller social scale, one could also never trust anyone: since everyone was out for themselves. Betrayal, treason, conspiracy and murder were relatively common occurrences.

Euthanasia's struggle to maintain her love for Castruccio as his initial gentle and tolerant demeanor increasingly gives way to a more selfish, power-mad and violent nature takes up a large portion of the narrative, which proceeds with relatively little overt action and lots of interpersonal dispute and disagreement. Along the way, she finds she has to spurn him,. The siege he lays to Florence is described in heart-wrenching detail, and the final conspiracy to overthrow Castruccio provides the culminating high point of the action.

Despite the overwhelming focus on the two principals, the minor characters stand out quite vividly. Of particular interest is the figure of Beatrice: a naive, beautiful, innocent pawn of forces beyond both her control and her comprehension. Then there is Tripaldi: a venal, mean-spirited, murderous traitor to virtually all with whom he comes in contact. The rapacious Pepi has a moribund political morality (the poor hordes must know their place - it is solely to serve the rich!) matched only by the depths of his usurious machinations to take control of his native city of Cremona. The near-saintly figure of Guinigi sadly disappears quite early on, but represents a moral pole of disinterested righteousness diametrically opposite to that of the amoral selfishness provided by the vile Tripaldi.

Ugo Quartezzani, a very minor character who only appears in one or two chapters, still manages to provide the baldest expression of the moral laxity that is at the heart of Shelley's theme, when he observes that 'a man may be one day wicked and good the next; for self-interest sways all, and we are virtuous or vicious as we hope for advantage for ourselves.' To this paucity of any true moral compass, Euthanasia rightly replies that it represents 'bad philosophy and worse morality.' This seems to have been Shelley's main point in this story, and it is made very persuasively.

After Frankenstein and The Last Man, this is the third of Shelley's novels I've read. And it is the most accomplished from a purely literary standpoint. I particularly enjoyed her ability to have the changing seasons of the Italian countryside complement the vicissitudes of her characters' emotions. For instance, when Castruccio has finally given over completely to his self-serving sense of personal ambition, it is no coincidence that the earth is baked dry with a drought in the hot summer. This contrast followed that of lovely descriptions of autumnal endings which were compared to Euthanasia's doubts of Castruccio's peaceful intentions in his recently concluded treaty with Florence.

The writing also includes many highly romantic and almost gothic descriptions: the waterfall at the back of the Valperga castle, the depths of Pepi's subterranean vaults, the twisted natural construction of the witch's hut in the forest, the family tomb in which the dead are mounted on statues of horses and the dungeon in which the innocent girl is held by the rapacious traitor. As well, there are repeated surfeits of personal feeling. For instance, 'he found his cheek stained by the pure tears of his deep and unadulterated feeling'.

I'm positive that Shelley had read some of the first of Scott's Waverley novels before or during the writing of this work: it has his bent for use of historical background to elicit the heroic, sublime and grandiloquent gestures of human emotions and situations. As well,I would not be surprised if George Eliot had read this novel before writing her Romola, which both in setting and theme overlaps this work to a large degree.

An excellent read: highly recommended.
Profile Image for Kim.
712 reviews13 followers
January 22, 2020
I just realized as I sat down to write this review that I could say it all in three words. Just three rather small words. I don't think I've ever written a review - whether it is here or just in my diary that is only three words. The reviews come in handy when I'm trying to remember if I liked a book enough to read it again or if it should simply be used as a hill in one of my Christmas villages. Come to think of it, there are quite a few "never again" books in my home because there are many, many Christmas village houses in my home. So I write my thoughts down as I finish the book, but in this case I wouldn't have to, I know enough without the review. But I'll write my thoughts down anyway, some of them that is.

Valperga: Or, the Life and Adventures of Castruccio, Prince of Lucca is a historical novel by Mary Shelley written in 1823. Mary Shelley's original title was that Life and adventures part, but her father didn't like it and renamed the book Valperga. It was her father, William Godwin, who edited the work for publication. Wikipedia says "His edits emphasized the female protagonist and shortened the novel."" He edited and shortened the novel? He should have had me there to help with the editing. The novel is set amongst the wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines. What is a Guelph and Ghibellines? you may ask. Then again maybe you already know, I didn't but it didn't take me long to realize that they were the Republicans and Democrats of that time. There doesn't seem to be anyone who is neutral (except me) if they weren't a Guelph they were a Ghibellines (or whatever they're called). The book is about the life of Castruccio, prince of Lucca. I see that prince of Lucca thing so often it is like the guy was determined to always be remembered as a prince of somewhere or another.

The books begins with Castruccio having to flee with his parents from their home in Lucca because they are Ghibellines - I think - and the Guelphs have gained control of the place - I think. It may be the other way around but you get the idea. The book begins:

"The other nations of Europe were yet immersed in barbarism, when Italy, where the light of civilization had never been wholly eclipsed, began to emerge from the darkness of the ruin of the Western Empire, and to catch from the East the returning rays of literature and science. At the beginning of the fourteenth century Dante had already given a permanent form to the language which was the offspring of this revolution; he was personally engaged in those political struggles, in which the elements of the good and evil that have since assumed a more permanent form were contending; his disappointment and exile gave him leisure to meditate, and produced his Divina Comedia."

If that first paragraph makes you want to pick up the read and read it, good, go ahead! Moving on, Castruccio and his family are now banished:

"The exiles proceeded to Ancona. This was the native town of the Lady Dianora; and they were received with hospitality by her relations. But it was a heavy change for Ruggieri, to pass from the active life of the chief of a party, to the unmarked situation of an individual, who had no interest in the government under which he lived, and who had exchanged the distinctions of rank and wealth for that barren respect which an unblamed old age might claim. Ruggieri had been a man of undaunted courage; and this virtue, being no longer called into action, assumed the appearance of patience and fortitude."

Eventually his parents die as all parents do, when Castruccio is 17 I think, and he is not content to remain banished to their nice, quiet little town, he wants to be a soldier, he wants to be a prince, he wants to be famous:

"Castruccio journeyed slowly on. He was weak and unable to endure continued exercise. Yet his mind recovered by degrees its wonted strength; and imagination, ever at work, pictured his future life, brilliant with glowing love, transcendent with glory and success. Thus, in solitude, while no censuring eye could check the exuberant vanity, he would throw his arms to the north, the south, the east, and the west, crying, — “There — there — there, and there, shall my fame reach!” — and then, in gay defiance, casting his eager glance towards heaven:— “and even there, if man may climb the slippery sides of the arched palace of eternal fame, there also will I be recorded.”

Well, enough of Castruccio, I didn't like him when he was 17 and I like him no more now. It was really hard picking up the book every day to read more of his doing awful things just to become king of the world some day. The other characters in the book, Euthanasia, she loves him, why I don't know; Guinigi, the guy who is lucky enough to get stuck with Castruccio when both parents are dead, lots of other characters whose names I can't remember, and whose stories I can't remember all because I just can't take any more of it, my life is filled with too many headaches and too many wonderful books to put up with Castruccio, and so even though I am only about 100 pages into the book, and I'm back to those three little words.......

I give up.
Profile Image for Jared Pechacek.
93 reviews23 followers
March 6, 2017
At once fascinating and, well, pretty dull. Valperga is historical fiction, taking the story of a real Italian tyrant and adding fictitious women, whose story it ultimately becomes. It's this feminist slant that kept me reading—because Castruccio, prince of Lucca, is a very boring character—but much of the story creaks along, hardly ever connecting with the reader.
It begins in Castruccio's childhood, as he is spirited away from political turmoil in his hometown of Lucca. In nearby Florence, Dante is writing the Divine Comedy; the papacy has fled to Avignon; Italy is a patchwork of quarreling city-states. For quite some time, Valperga follows Castruccio's adolescence and rise to power and influence, then abruptly switches to become the story of his love interest Euthanasia (yes), countess of the castle Valperga, and of Beatrice, a young woman he deflowers and abandons. Euthanasia and Beatrice must navigate the upheaval caused by Castruccio's ruthlessness and territorial ambitions, but in a heavily patriarchal world where women are more or less powerless, this does not go well.
Shelley's choice to sideline Castruccio in favor of two women is actually kind of daring, and, I think, the right one. She is, after all, writing a book about the danger of male ambition, and how better to show it than through its destructive effects on the weakest members of society? She makes the switch right before Castruccio becomes too boring, which is a smart move, and spends a great deal of time on the inner lives of Euthanasia and Beatrice (time which she hardly ever grants to Castruccio, because what insight is there to offer about a simple, toxic lust for power?).
That's pretty interesting in itself, but the problem is that Euthanasia is too perfect and good to carry a narrative for very long. She's smart, decent, upright, and loving, and some of the best sections of the novel involve her trying to maintain her integrity in the face of mounting disaster. But she also lacks personality beyond that. She's completely idealized, a Madonna figure rather than a character, a set of virtues and principles rather than a human being.
Beatrice fares somewhat better. Though she begins as a similarly idealized virginal figure, she's quickly revealed as spoiled, self-deluding, grandiose, and extremely dramatic. Her life is ruined because she believes her love for Castruccio is a divine signal that they're fated to be together, though Shelley makes it clear it's not all her fault; the book doesn't shame Beatrice for falling prey to a charming man.
Both Euthanasia and Beatrice, actually, are destroyed because they trust the wrong men. Castruccio is one, of course, but time and again, in matters great and small, a man asserts something and the women believe it, or go along with it, and the man escapes without consequences while the women bear the brunt. I wouldn't call the book man-hating exactly, but Shelley takes a very dim view of male behavior in a society structured to enable all its worst aspects and amplify its effects.
As you can probably see, Valperga is much more fun to talk about than to read. The dialogue is stilted, the characterization frequently leaden, the plot cumbersome and faltering. But as an early feminist work, there are endless amounts of conversation starter here, and if you're down for nineteenth century literature making sour faces at the patriarchy, give it a try.
Profile Image for Cassi.
Author 4 books18 followers
September 10, 2007
This is a great book telling about a little known Italian prince. It's got a love, war, politics, magic and truth! Taken from the haroin's real life diaries, this story is told with little infill, but reads like a shakespearean tragedy. We all knew she was tallented, but this is a book that piques my interest in more of her writing.
Profile Image for Marbeth Skwarczynski.
Author 12 books82 followers
January 3, 2016
Beautifully written prose in the style of classical Middle-English. While the descriptive passages can be overwrought and have a tendency to slow the plot, the characters are well-formed and relatable.
3 reviews
March 2, 2012
Shelley's most under-rated book. At a time where masculine voice dominates historical fiction, Shelley triumphs in the genre.
Profile Image for Stoney.
127 reviews
August 23, 2024
Mary Shelley has such beautiful prose that her books are worth reading for it alone. Valperga is no exception. Written here are sentences that will astonish even the most seasoned readers of classic literature. Accompanying the incredible style is a rich story with wonderfully developed characters. The magnificence of the characterization in this book comes from the fact that much of the plot happens in the thoughts and emotions of the characters, rather than the external world. This may be due to my nature as a therapist, but my favorite chapters are those where one person will put forth their view of humanity, how it came to be, and how it now affects them mentally and emotionally. Seeing other characters react to this too is such a delight. It is a shame that Mary Shelley is most commonly known simply for being the author of Frankenstein. Her other works deserve just as much attention due to their beauty of word and thoughtfulness in themes.
Profile Image for Mark.
276 reviews7 followers
November 10, 2022
Valperga ain't no Frankenstein, but it's not bad, either. For me, the most interesting aspect was the depiction of how people can become corrupted over time but still retain some positive qualities. The plot was more complex than I had anticipated, with some unexpected, though not necessarily exciting, turns.
Profile Image for Perry Whitford.
1,952 reviews76 followers
November 20, 2017
Castruccio, Prince of Lucca, was one of the more brutal and successful of Tuscany tyrants from the early years of the Renaissance. A native Florentine from the anti-libertarian Ghibeline party, his family had to flee Florence when he was just a child in the wake of some typical political plotting.

The extraordinarily (to a modern reader) named Euthanasia is Shelley's fictional heroine, close to Castruccio throughout childhood and eventually betrothed to him, but very much his opposite in both party alignment and temperament, a libertine of the Guelph persuasion, a lover of Dante, a detester of tyranny.

It seems impossible to consider Shelley without mention of her most famous work, Frankenstein, which she wrote just prior to this novel. Here, she writes an historical romance, very much in the fashion of Walter Scott; all formalities and filigree, poesy and patina.

That said, she writes much more realised female characters, as you would expect, though their influence is still subject to the patriarchy of the times. Euthanasia is saintly to a degree unimaginable by a contemporary writer, yet she represents a creed superior to her male counterparts, though essentially passive.

The dialogue is positively Shakespearian at times, her recreation of people and events - such as the zealous Dominican preacher Savonarola and the Bonfire of the Vanities he inspired - highly memorable, yet the narrative sags with overladen pathos at times.

Still, its impossible not to be moved by Euthanasia's plight and eventual tragedy.
310 reviews15 followers
October 13, 2014
Travelled to Lucca and saw a wine named after the male lead in this 'begging to be an opera' historical fiction from the Renaissance. Puccini lived and died in his beloved Lucca and would be able to deal with all the drama, emotions, cruelty and beauty. Can anyone translate the last few lines for me? I loved Euthanasia and would have done anything to be with her....even forget about power and prestige (unlike C.). He transformed what could have been heaven on earth to one of Dante's levels of hell do to his vices.
Profile Image for Lindsay.
52 reviews9 followers
May 29, 2007
Need to reread Florentine Histories alongside this one.
76 reviews1 follower
November 2, 2015
Having read this book, I now know why Shelley is only known for Frankinstein. Even for a nineteenth century novel, much of the dialogue is unnecessarily verbose.
Profile Image for Alec.
646 reviews12 followers
July 27, 2024
I was born in the wrong generation. My soul was not created to worry about rent and a poor job market but rather to wax poetic for page upon page about a starlit forest in the dead of summer while tuberculosis slowly killed me at the ripe age of twenty-four. Oh well, I suppose I can live out my fantasies while having access to overprescribed antibiotics and overpriced fruits and vegetables, and I thank Mary Shelley for the fun ride that was Valperga.

I didn't expect much from the book, and in many ways it is rather underwhelming. Despite being a historical novel about a power-hungry man warring with all his neighbors to seize control of northern and central Italy, there's less dramatic tension than one might expect, especially when one keeps thinking, Where are all the battles? And yet, I was pretty thoroughly entertained. Shelley kept the plot moving in spite of (or maybe because of) her long Romantic ramblings.

But similar to Frankenstein, what fascinates me most about the book are the characters. Granted, readers who are most interested in complicated character arcs may not enjoy the book because there isn't a whole lot of growth in the our three main characters: the ambitious militant Castruccio, the governor of Valperga Euthanasia, and the alleged heretic Beatrice. However, there is enough to be invested in their stories and fates, especially with Euthanasia. Having known Castruccio since childhood and having fallen in love with him, only for him to threaten to conquer her fortress and homeland, Euthanasia processes lots of complicated feelings in the latter half of the book. How much room can the heart hold for a person--a tyrant--with so much blood on his hands? Is it right to care for or even hope for the best for such a person when his agenda directly endangers one's home? So much to think about. Will definitely revisit.

4.5 stars.
Profile Image for Nara.
709 reviews7 followers
September 27, 2025
" - As circunstâncias mudam tão rápido quando as nuvens fugazes de um céu outonal. Se a felicidade depende da ocasião, quão instável ela é! Só podemos chamar de nosso aquilo que vive em nosso próprio peito. No entanto, esses sentimentos também estão fadados à mutabilidade e, como os padres sem dúvida já lhe ensinaram há muito tempo, não há alegria que dure sobre a terra."

Depois de ler Valperga qualquer começa entender a eloquência da criatura do Dr. Frankenstein.
Escrito em 1823 realmente parece um livro de 1823, pra muitos não será uma leitura fácil, mas quando se apega aos personagens a leitura flui.
Profile Image for Kay.
125 reviews
January 26, 2021
Probably 3.5 - it definitely grew on me as it went on, after a very slow start. Euthanasia was a much more interesting central character than Castruccio. I knew they were all going to die but it was still... sad... and I am annoyed that Castruccio didn't get overthrown in the end - he definitely deserved it!
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Profile Image for Noah Wilson.
145 reviews1 follower
June 2, 2022
Took me a bit to get into, I liked the Euthanasia and Beatrice focused sections more than the Castruccio ones, but god this is beautifully written. Shelley has such a strong grasp on the human condition and on conveying the way it feels to feel. Fascinating picture of this time period as well, especially with the added layer that it was written and researched 200 years ago.
Profile Image for Vittorio Ducoli.
580 reviews83 followers
March 1, 2025
L’universo femminile di Mary Shelley in un grande Romance sulle libertà perdute

Tutto appare straordinario, nel senso etimologico del termine, nella vita di Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, soprattutto nella sua prima parte. Nacque nel 1797 da due genitori straordinari: il padre era John Godwin, pensatore, pubblicista, editore ed animatore culturale considerato uno dei padri del pensiero anarchico; la madre era Mary Wollstonecraft, autrice di A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, uno dei testi fondativi del femminismo. Ebbe un’infanzia ed una adolescenza per l’epoca eccezionalmente libere ed anticonvenzionali, grazie alle idee del padre, ed a diciassette anni suscitò un grande scandalo intrecciando una relazione con il grande poeta romantico Percy Bysshe Shelley, allora ventitreenne, sposato e due volte padre, fuggendo con lui sul continente e sposandolo due anni dopo. Fu parte attiva di un gruppo di intellettuali, che oltre a Shelley comprendeva Byron, Thomas Love Peacock e altri, che unì all’elaborazione letteraria, intrisa di romanticismo e pervasa di forte impegno civile, uno stile di vita errabondo, comunitario e sessualmente libero. A ventuno anni pubblicò il suo primo romanzo, Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, destinato a diventare una delle opere cardine della modernità, il cui protagonista è entrato nell’immaginario collettivo delle generazioni successive, ed è giunto sino a noi conservando intatta la forza degli interrogativi che pone. Viaggiò molto e soggiornò a lungo in Italia, terra che elesse a propria patria adottiva, come emerge dai versi del poema The choice, scritto nel 1823:

Tear me not hence—here let me live and die,
In my adopted land—my country—Italy.


Straordinario, se così di può dire, è stato anche il rapporto di Mary con il dolore e la morte, a cominciare da quella della madre, pochi giorni dopo la sua nascita. Dei quattro figli avuti da Shelley solo uno le sopravvisse: la prima figlia nacque prematura nel 1815 e morì quasi subito; nel 1816 si suicidarono la sorellastra Fanny e poco dopo la prima moglie di Shelley; tra il 1818 e il 1819 in meno di un anno le morirono i figli Clara Eveline, di un anno, e William, di tre. Il 1822 fu l’anno horribilis, segnato da un aborto, dalla morte di Allegra, figlia di Byron, ma soprattutto dalla morte per naufragio, al largo di Livorno, di Shelley e dell’amico Edward Williams. Altre morti sarebbero seguite di lì a poco, tra cui quella di Byron, in Grecia, nel 1824. Lei stessa iniziò ad avere seri problemi di salute poco più che quarantenne, e morì, forse per un tumore al cervello, a soli cinquantatré anni.
Oltre al Frankenstein, la produzione letteraria di Mary Shelley comprende altri sei romanzi, una ventina di racconti, un paio di libri di viaggio, molti saggi e recensioni nonché alcuni contributi a Lives of the Most Eminent Literary and Scientific Men, opera enciclopedica edita a Londra tra il 1835 e il 1839.
Valperga: or The Life and Adventures of Castruccio, Prince of Lucca fu il terzo romanzo scritto da Mary Shelley, ed il secondo ad essere pubblicato, anonimo ma con la dizione dall’autore di Frankenstein, il 19 febbraio 1823. Percy Bysshe Shelley è tragicamente morto da alcuni mesi; Mary in quei mesi vive a Genova, ma poco tempo dopo farà ritorno in Inghilterra, concludendo il suo soggiorno italiano iniziato nella primavera del 1818. Il romanzo ha avuto una lunga gestazione, essendo la sua redazione iniziata nel novembre del 1818, quando gli Shelley erano a Napoli, e completata alla fine del 1821. La scrittura di Valperga occupa quindi buona parte del periodo italiano della coppia e termina ben prima della morte di Shelley. Come nel caso di Frankenstein, è quindi probabile che Percy Bysshe abbia contribuito alla stesura, essendo i due soliti leggersi reciprocamente e discutere ciò che stavano scrivendo: anche se non è possibile stabilire con certezza l’entità del suo apporto, i critici concordano sul fatto che non sia andato oltre qualche suggerimento, come nel caso di Frankenstein. Più pesante fu l’intervento del padre di Mary, John Godwin. Dopo un inutile tentativo da parte di Shelley di far pubblicare il romanzo presso il suo editore, il manoscritto fu infatti inviato a Godwin, che navigava in cattive acque finanziarie: l’idea era quella di tentare di ripetere il successo di Frankenstein, ristampato più volte. Dalla corrispondenza tra figlia e padre sappiamo che quest’ultimo tagliò, per dichiarate ragioni di aderenza al gusto del pubblico, parti che secondo lui indugiavano troppo sugli avvenimenti storici; cambiò anche il titolo - che per Mary avrebbe dovuto essere semplicemente Castruccio degli Antelminelli. Mary acconsentì a questi cambiamenti. Purtroppo il manoscritto originale è perduto, quindi non sapremo mai, a meno di futuri ritrovamenti, quali siano stati gli aggiustamenti apportati da Godwin all’opera della figlia.
Dopo la prima edizione il romanzo non venne più ristampato, a riprova che le speranze di un successo economico andarono deluse, e di esso si persero di fatto le tracce. Solo nel 1996, avvicinandosi la riscoperta di Mary Shelley in occasione del bicentenario della nascita, Valperga venne ripubblicato. L’edizione Mondadori da me letta, risalente al 2007, è la sua prima traduzione italiana, ed è corredata da una preziosa e corposa introduzione dei curatori, Lilla Maria Crisafulli e Keir Elam, alla quale rimando per notizie più complete e dettagliate.
Castruccio Castracani degli Antelminelli è una importante figura storica di condottiero italiano del XIV secolo. La potente famiglia ghibellina di Lucca in cui nacque nel 1281 fu mandata in esilio dai guelfi nel 1300. Dopo aver soggiornato a Pisa, il giovane Castruccio si recò in Inghilterra; costretto a fuggire a causa di un omicidio, approdò in Francia, entrando al servizio di Filippo il Bello come comandante di cavalleria e distinguendosi in alcune battaglie della guerra contro il ducato di Fiandra. Tornato in Italia nel 1314 partecipò, sotto il comando di Uguccione della Faggiuola, al sacco di Lucca del 1314 e alla successiva battaglia di Montecatini, nella quale i ghibellini sconfissero la lega guelfa comandata da Firenze. Imprigionato a Lucca da Uguccione, che vedeva in lui un potenziale rivale, fu liberato nel corso di una rivolta, e venne nominato podestà a vita della città. Ripresa la guerra contro Firenze, in breve, anche grazie al favore dell’imperatore Ludovico IV, estese il suo potere a gran parte della Toscana settentrionale: all’apice del successo, morì improvvisamente di malaria nel 1328, a quarantasette anni. I figli, che gli succedettero, persero in pochi mesi i territori da lui conquistati.
Valperga è un romanzo storico, e narra appunto la vita di Castruccio, che Mary Shelley ha potuto conoscere, come indica nella breve prefazione al romanzo, leggendo la Nova Cronica di Giovanni Villani, la Vita Castrucii Antelminelli Lucensis Ducis edita da Nicolao Tegrimi nel 1496 e la biografia del condottiero scritta nel 1520 da Niccolò Machiavelli; si avvalse inoltre di fonti moderne, tra le quali in particolare la Histoire des républiques italiennes du Moyen Âge dello storico ed economista liberale svizzero Jean de Sismondi. Studia inoltre la storia d’Italia a cavallo tra XIII e XIV secolo, e per definire meglio il contesto delle vicende che intende narrare predispone una dettagliata tavola cronologica degli avvenimenti politici e militari più significativi dell’epoca. Mary non è però interessata alla scrittura di una nuova biografia di Castruccio, ma a quella di un Romance storico; il genere stava avendo un grande successo in Gran Bretagna, soprattutto ad opera di Sir Walter Scott, che all’epoca aveva già dato alle stampe alcuni tra i suoi più importanti romanzi. Valperga, pertanto, si avvale di una cornice storica, esotica rispetto al pubblico cui si rivolgeva nonché spruzzata di elementi tipicamente gotici, per approfondire le tematiche che stavano alla base della poetica romantica del gruppo di artisti progressisti di cui faceva parte: sia quelle più strettamente politiche, quali il potere, la tirannia, le libertà civili, la religione, sia quelle più intimistiche, come l’amore, l’amicizia, la passione, il tradimento. Data la sua sensibilità e l’eredità culturale della madre, che ha accolto in pieno, pone al centro di un romanzo che formalmente dovrebbe vedere come protagonista un condottiero e le sue avventure due straordinarie figure femminili, entrambe frutto della sua fantasia: Eutanasia e Beatrice, le cui vicende, intrecciandosi con l’ascesa politica e militare di Castruccio, occupano molte più pagine di quelle a lui dedicate. Entrambe bellissime e di grande personalità, entrambe amate da Castruccio, platonicamente la prima, anche fisicamente la seconda, rappresentano due facce dell’universo femminile in grado, secondo la visione dell’autrice, di costruire relazioni sociali e personali alternative a quelle maschili, dominate dalla prevaricazione e dall’ossessione per il potere.
Eutanasia, personaggio dal nome evocativo, è donna di potere, essendo signora del piccolo feudo di Valperga, luogo di fantasia che l’autrice situa sugli Appennini, emblematicamente a metà strada tra Lucca e Firenze. Imbevuta di cultura classica, appresa leggendo al padre cieco le opere che in quei decenni iniziavano ad uscire dal chiuso dei conventi, è amica di Castruccio sin da bambina, essendo le due famiglie legate pur appartenendo a fazioni avverse: il padre di Eutanasia, infatti, Antonio degli Adimari, è un guelfo bianco di Firenze, città di cui è stato più volte priore. Mary Shelley vede nella Firenze guelfa e repubblicana dell’epoca la città in cui si erano realizzati gli ideali di libertà e partecipazione alla vita pubblica cui anelavano i liberal inglesi, ed anche un esempio cui gli italiani a lei contemporanei avrebbero dovuto ispirarsi per redimere la loro patria: ”La libertà non era mai stata venerata con più devozione quanto nella repubblica di Firenze: [ad] Adimari […] era parso di scorgere nei progetti e nei principi dei suoi capi l’embrione della futura indipendenza dell’Italia”, ed Eutanasia assume le vesti di una precorritrice degli ideali di Mary: “I suoi giovani pensieri si proiettavano verso il futuro, nella speranza della libertà d’Italia, di un rinnovato sapere e di un regno di pace in tutto il mondo: sogni audaci, che ancora stimolano la mente degli uomini a sublimi poemi e a gesta gloriose”. Coerentemente con questi valori, ella è una signora sui generis, che governa Valperga senza sfruttare i suoi sudditi ed organizzando feste ed eventi che prefigurano gli sfarzi rinascimentali.
Nel corso del romanzo Eutanasia vedrà trasformarsi l’antico compagno di giochi, poi innamorato, in un uomo pronto a tutto per ottenere e conservare il potere: continuerà ad amarlo, cercando più volte di essere la sua coscienza politica critica e di condizionarne l’agire basandosi sulla sua superiorità morale e culturale. Quando Castruccio attaccherà Firenze, Eutanasia sarà dilaniata dal conflitto tra l’amore per l’uomo e quello per i valori civili e democratici espressi dalla sua città: sceglierà questi ultimi, pagandone duramente le conseguenze.
Il modo in cui l’autrice la fa uscire di scena, che mi è purtroppo necessario rivelare, è sublime ed al tempo stesso, con il senno di poi, sconcertante. Dopo essere stata imprigionata da Castruccio, egli le concede la libertà, facendola partire di notte in un piccolo vascello alla volta di un esilio siciliano. Il vascello non giungerà mai a destinazione, e di Eutanasia non si saprà più nulla: il capitolo in cui ciò avviene è intitolato Eutanasia salpa per la Sicilia, ed è perduta, ed è tutto da leggere, essendo una pagina in cui lo spirito romantico raggiunge a mio avviso una delle sue vette. Simbolicamente non è quindi morta, ma perduta, come perduta è stata per secoli la speranza di un’Italia e di un mondo liberi e civili, di cui Eutanasia è l’emblema. Ella dorme nel mare ma, sembra dirci Mary, è ormai pronta a tornare tra noi.
Lo sconcerto è ovviamente legato alle straordinarie analogie tra le modalità della perdita di Eutanasia e quella di Percy Bysshe, che Mary avrebbe sofferto pochi mesi dopo aver scritto queste pagine. Mary avrebbe usato parole molto simili per descrivere la morte del marito nella prefazione ai Poemi postumi, scritta nel 1824.
Beatrice, l’altra figura femminile che si staglia nel romanzo, pur essendo personaggio di fantasia ha precise radici storiche. L’autrice ne fa infatti la figlia di Guglielmina di Boemia, visionaria che operò in Lombardia negli ultimi decenni del XIII secolo, fondando un movimento religioso che preannunciava il dominio femminile sulla società. Dopo la sua morte i guglielmiti furono dichiarati eretici e i loro capi, Andrea Saramita e Magfreda da Pirovano vennero messi al rogo. In Beatrice è chiaro il richiamo di Mary a sé stessa, figlia di una predicatrice femminista. Beatrice è una personalità tragica, protagonista delle pagine più aspre e gotiche del romanzo. Di una bellezza sensuale, amerà Castruccio di un amore assoluto, e sarà tra l’altro ritenuta pazza, violentata da briganti ed imprigionata dall’Inquisizione. A lei Mary Shelley affida, nel Capitolo terzo del III Libro, un veemente atto d’accusa contro un dio patrigno e una religione soffocante in cui, oltre a esporre le sue idee, si riflette tutto il dolore provato per la recente perdita dei figli. Non può sfuggire, a mio avviso, l’ironica audacia dell’autrice, che attribuisce a questa irregolare il nome della donna angelica di Dante.
Le due donne si incontreranno, e tra loro nascerà una profonda amicizia, cementata dall’amore per lo stesso uomo: Mary le vede quindi come le due facce della stessa medaglia femminile, due lati necessari di ciò che le donne possono e devono esprimere: da un lato cultura, razionalità e capacità di governo; dall’altro passione, sensualità e ribellione anche violenta contro un ordine costituito prevalentemente maschile.
Anche la figura di Castruccio emerge per la sua complessità, pur se l’evoluzione del personaggio, da giovane sensibile ed a suo modo idealista a signore violento e spregiudicato, è sostanzialmente negativa e ne fa il campione delle forze che avevano soffocato le libertà comunali italiane. Come acutamente fa notare Michael Rossington nella prefazione all’edizione inglese del 1999, Castruccio è personaggio affatto moderno, in quanto a determinare la sua ”lenta e graduale formazione” non sono ”né il Fato, né la Fortuna, né il carattere innato, né un peccato originale [...] ma le contingenze delle circostanze storiche e sociali in cui si viene a trovare”.
Molto altro ci sarebbe da dire sul romanzo, sui suoi personaggi minori, sulle descrizioni del paesaggio italiano, sui simbolismi del suo tasso di goticità, ma ragioni di spazio mi obbligano a fermarmi qui. Mi limito a dire che Valperga ci restituisce appieno l’altissimo profilo di una scrittrice troppo a lungo ritenuta l’ombra di un marito ingombrante o al massimo l’autrice di un solo capolavoro. Ci restituisce anche, attraverso Eutanasia e Beatrice, l’essenza di una donna che ha saputo vivere appieno il suo tempo, nonostante il dolore che ha segnato in continuazione la sua vita.
Profile Image for Bree Pye.
573 reviews13 followers
April 16, 2018
Read for a graduate seminar on Romantic Era women writers at CU Boulder.

This was a sprawling, ambitious novel. And while parts of it were downright boring, other parts were equally interesting. I can't imagine the research and labor that went into putting such a detailed story together- so I give it three stars for that alone.

Would I recommend it to friends? Maybe, if you're up for a bit of torture and not a lot of reward. It takes a plethora of precursory knowledge to understand and is a very slow, involved read.
838 reviews85 followers
February 22, 2019
All things considered this book was far too long in duration! A lot of it could have been edited out to have made a much clearer and by far a better book. Mary Shelley was partly in awe of Italy and partly frustrated by it at the same time. Where the areas are that showed she was in awe was when she described the elaborate costuming and festivals. Overall I feel these scenes could have been left out or to have been made much shorter in detail. They don't really add anything to the story and nothing would have been flat if they had not been included at the final edit. Apparently her father had edited other scenes, I wish he had recommended to Mary that more could have been left out. She was trying for an epic story for an epic time in history, in her mind, but it doesn't give her subject the desired result. I can see that while she was writing this book she took time out to write Mathilda. Mathilda in my opinion is a better story. Valperga is written in three volumes and I have the impression she bit off more than she could chew. It has some areas that are very much in the Shelley mold. It is worth a read if you can pace yourself and not be in a hurry to read. Which for me because this was part of an English class I was by the second day of reading. Not much happens, but she makes a lot happen with very little.
Profile Image for Amanda Himes.
274 reviews16 followers
July 1, 2018
A tough read but ultimately worth it, featuring Machiavelli's Castruccio and his two (heretofore unknown) loves, Euthanasia and Beatrice. Mary Shelley's wide reading much in evidence throughout this novel, set in warring 14th century Italy.

Some quotations of note:
" . . . the vivid colours of a faith inconceivable in these lethargic days."

"Euthanasia saw all this with the observant eye of grief, which refers all things to itself, and forms omens for its own immortality from combinations more unsubstantial than the Sybilline leaves."

". . . another step taken in the labyrinth of error and fraud."

"E Bellissimo, ma figuratevi, Madonna, se e tanto bello sul rovescio, cosa mai sara al dritto" (It is most beautiful, but imagine, my Lady, if it is so beautiful on the wrong side, what it will be on the right side.")
Profile Image for Casey.
809 reviews57 followers
May 11, 2007
Meh. Not my favorite. Thought the women were surprisingly lame. The writing was pretty, though.
Profile Image for Tanya.
89 reviews2 followers
March 28, 2015
Footnotes were actually helpful. The editing was well done. I've never read Frankenstein and probably won't.
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