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Japan Unmasked: The Character & Culture of the Japanese
The growing globalization of world business, culture and communication—and Japan's increasingly important role as a leader in that world—makes understanding Japanese culture critical for business people, diplomats, students, educators and anyone else with an interest in Japan.
Westerners have recognized—and analyzed—the many unique aspects of Japanese culture since they first set foot in Japan in the 16th century. The special talents (and weaknesses) that characterize the Japanese way of life are by now well-documented. But few Westerners really understand the beliefs and values that underlie how the Japanese think and act, how and why these attributes have been preserved in Japanese culture from ancient times through the modern day, or the critical role they play in today's Japanese society.
In Japan Unmasked veteran Japanologist and author Boye Lafayette De Mente explores the social, cultural, and psychological characteristics responsible for the unique nature of modern-day Japanese culture— the real "face" behind the "mask"—and demonstrates how they have brought the Japanese to their central role on the world stage.
Westerners have recognized—and analyzed—the many unique aspects of Japanese culture since they first set foot in Japan in the 16th century. The special talents (and weaknesses) that characterize the Japanese way of life are by now well-documented. But few Westerners really understand the beliefs and values that underlie how the Japanese think and act, how and why these attributes have been preserved in Japanese culture from ancient times through the modern day, or the critical role they play in today's Japanese society.
In Japan Unmasked veteran Japanologist and author Boye Lafayette De Mente explores the social, cultural, and psychological characteristics responsible for the unique nature of modern-day Japanese culture— the real "face" behind the "mask"—and demonstrates how they have brought the Japanese to their central role on the world stage.
- GenresJapanNonfiction
224 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 2006
7 people are currently reading
47 people want to read
About the author
Boyé Lafayette De Mente
199 books26 followersBoyé Lafayette De Mente was an author, journalist, and adventurer. He wrote more than 100 books, most of them about the culture and language of Japan, East Asia, and Mexico.
De Mente joined the U.S. Navy and began his career as a cryptographer based in Washington, D.C. In 1948, he joined the U.S. Army Security Agency and was a decoding technician stationed in Tokyo. While there, he he founded and edited the agency's newspaper, The ASA Star.
De Mente wrote the first English guides to the Japanese way of doing business ("Japanese Etiquette and Ethics in Business" in 1959 and "How to Do Business in Japan" in 1962). His other books run the gamut from language learning to the night-time "pink" trades in Japan, the sensual nature of Oriental cultures, male-female relations, and understanding and coping with the Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Mexican mindset in business and social situations. He has also written extensively about Mexico and his home state of Arizona.
De Mente joined the U.S. Navy and began his career as a cryptographer based in Washington, D.C. In 1948, he joined the U.S. Army Security Agency and was a decoding technician stationed in Tokyo. While there, he he founded and edited the agency's newspaper, The ASA Star.
De Mente wrote the first English guides to the Japanese way of doing business ("Japanese Etiquette and Ethics in Business" in 1959 and "How to Do Business in Japan" in 1962). His other books run the gamut from language learning to the night-time "pink" trades in Japan, the sensual nature of Oriental cultures, male-female relations, and understanding and coping with the Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Mexican mindset in business and social situations. He has also written extensively about Mexico and his home state of Arizona.
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Displaying 1 - 12 of 12 reviews
October 1, 2020
I had high hopes, as I always do for books about Japan, but this one failed to live up to them for two serious reasons:
1, there was sore need of an editor, if for nothing else than to arrange the random chapters into some kind of order; a better editor would've had de Mente stick to his focus on navigating the cross-cultural waters of international business instead of allowing so many random other topics to wander in or the condescending "Japan must change" exhortations. (Are you a guide for Westerners or a consultant to the Japanese? Pick a role.)
2, and by far the bigger of the two, is that de Mente had almost no references or sources for any of his claims, not even a bibliography or suggested reading list. Occasionally he would quote a Japanese scholar, but even then, the book or lecture in question wasn't properly cited. This is a fairly serious problem, especially as it involves an author of one culture trying to explain the behaviors of another.
Now, while I like to wax philosophical myself on the subject of Japan in conversations, based on my own experience and extensive research, I would never dare to do so in print without a plethora of sources to back myself up. It's lazy at best and beggars credulity at worst.
That's not to say there weren't any insights; more than a few were new to me (like the origins of haragei in the Heian court or the history of koban). But still, I felt a little duped--I didn't realize this was a poorly edited, completely unsourced business guide. I thought I was getting something more along the lines of The Japanese Mind: Understanding Contemporary Culture.
1, there was sore need of an editor, if for nothing else than to arrange the random chapters into some kind of order; a better editor would've had de Mente stick to his focus on navigating the cross-cultural waters of international business instead of allowing so many random other topics to wander in or the condescending "Japan must change" exhortations. (Are you a guide for Westerners or a consultant to the Japanese? Pick a role.)
2, and by far the bigger of the two, is that de Mente had almost no references or sources for any of his claims, not even a bibliography or suggested reading list. Occasionally he would quote a Japanese scholar, but even then, the book or lecture in question wasn't properly cited. This is a fairly serious problem, especially as it involves an author of one culture trying to explain the behaviors of another.
Now, while I like to wax philosophical myself on the subject of Japan in conversations, based on my own experience and extensive research, I would never dare to do so in print without a plethora of sources to back myself up. It's lazy at best and beggars credulity at worst.
That's not to say there weren't any insights; more than a few were new to me (like the origins of haragei in the Heian court or the history of koban). But still, I felt a little duped--I didn't realize this was a poorly edited, completely unsourced business guide. I thought I was getting something more along the lines of The Japanese Mind: Understanding Contemporary Culture.
September 16, 2015
Fun to read, informative, but the topics were kind of random. I didn't feel they encompassed the theme (which is pretty vague, too start with) entirely, but rather that they were a collection of before written articles issued as a book (there were instances of entire sentences, as well as opinions, repeated throughout the text).
October 5, 2012
Foreword: this was written two years ago as my book report.
The book is divided into 38 chapters, each with a title quite intriguing but actually reveals nothing in depth. The most severe problem with this book is that it is not supported by convincing statistics.
Now I am going to introduce this book within my divisions.
Being Japanese and un-Japanese
According the author, Japanese have developed a very strict and impenetrable “Kata” system. Kata means the social system belonging only to Japan, including its unique etiquettes, social classifications, and its culture.
How can Japan do this? First, it is a city-state like country located in an island. Though Japan has developed its business relations with the neighboring Korea and China for more than 1500 years and actually borrowed or “stolen” a lot from them, Japan absorbed all the exotic resources into its own system, labeling them differently and even changing them into a totally new being. All the confusions, frustrations or fascinations about Japan have probably originated from this.
Japanese have a common philosophy of life. The author of this book makes his conclusion mostly from the point view of a businessman. I want to conclude from a more cultural way. Japanese share the characteristics as below:
1. Their choose their exclusion and isolation from the outside world, that is, their unreasonable persistence to be a pure Japanese;
2. They pursue absolute homogenization of almost every aspect of life. Japanese therefore stick to a whole set of rules and regulations existing in this country and punish those who can’t obey them and be “outstanding”’
3. Japanese have a different logic and communicate in a nonverbal way, which prevent them from being understood and conquered by other nationalities;
4. Japanese believe that the more devoted and skilled they are at their work, the closer they are to wisdom and happiness. That’s why Japanese never give up the pursuit for perfection and make best-quality products in the world.
5. Japan refuses any fundamental change and has the “moral hazard” syndrome. Coached in their identity as Japanese, they tend to have the victim mentality and avoid responsibility.
The five points I conclude from the book are those which I find agreeable. The author also points out the new trend among some young Japanese that they want to be de-Japanized. It is quite easy to know why. Japan sells its goods to all over the world and had been the second largest economic body for a long time. Though it has tried many ways and succeeded in isolating itself from the outside, part of the Japanese mind cannot avoid being “polluted” by foreign thinking. Japan’s economic expansion gets itself involved in the inevitable internalization/globalization.
Japanese vs. English: spoken with different halves of the brain
The author of Japan Unmasked even complains that it seems impossible for a foreigner to fully handle good Japanese if he was not born and brought up in Japan. Chasms of logic and cultural contents lie in Japanese and English. Japanese is such a “loaded language” that one has to be a Japanese in order to learn Japanese well. People speak Japanese and English even with the different halves of the brain.
According to Chomsky,language shows a lot about the people and the country which speak it. Social contexts are exposed, and even the invisible social taboos can be detected in its language once the taboos are transferred secretly into linguistic symbols and safely preserved. The author tells how difficult it has been for many foreigners to learn Japanese. Months of intense learning, for example, nine hours per day’s dedication to Japanese, is indispensable.
Since I have not studied Japanese myself, I cannot tell whether the author is exaggerating or not. However, it is true that many Chinese are learning this language and have learned it well. Is it because Asian people are after all closer to Japanese’s logic and thus their language compared to this author from France that it will also be easier for Asians to learn Japanese?
How to kata-ize Japan: hell schools and “black-mark” system
The author of this book has expressed his amaze on how Japan can keep its Nihonteki—that is, its Japan essence – undamaged for such a long time. Common sense informs us that if one country wants to fulfill any of its ambition to brainwash and propaganda, it should take action early enough and tough enough. That’s how the hell schools and “black-mark” system come into being in Japan.
Education is crucial to a country’s success. Many westerners have showed their heaping praise for Japan’s education system, since it has created many highly efficient workers and made Japan an economic miracle. People praise Japan’s education for its clear-cut disciplines and with-aim trainings. But the author of this book seems to put up with the opposite question. He tells about the Ijime phenomenon. Ijime means“ to tease in its better form and to torment in its worse form”.
"Who will be the targets of Ijime? I have talked about Japan’s deliberate isolation from non-Japan world. So what will happen to the Un-Japanese if they refuse to be totally Japanese? Many children had moved with their parents abroad and then went back to Japan. When they were back to schools in Japan, they were treated by both the teachers and their classmates as un-Japanese aliens and traitors of Japan. These move-back young students will be threatened and abused by the native Japanese. They become the victims of the prevalent Ijime."
The author also gives another explanation for Ijime. Japan as a country refusing democracy and embracing high unification, has since 17th century decided for its students what textbooks to read and what exams to take. The set curriculum and exams can be very demanding and cause among students fierce competition and further hell-like atmosphere. Japanese education, according to the author, trains machine-like geniuses on math and science but they cannot think independently and creatively. Students tend to transfer their pressure and depression resulting from overloaded study to their classmates.
In schools there is Ijime to ensure the Japanization to go on. In the adult world, Japan has the “black-mark” system to carry out its mission. In Japan seniority is taken as an important standard for evaluation. Old people, as long as they adhere to the rules set for a Japanese and don’t make any mistake, can get promotion and respect in Japanese society. Under such a system, one takes double risks making any changes or mistakes. Once a Japanese makes a mistake or offense, the “black-mark” system in Japan will never forget his or her fault or wrong-taken step. This black-mark system exists anywhere and anytime. One takes the “black-mark” record in his dossier wherever he goes. That prevents a Japanese to take bold moves and therefore makes a Japanese more willing to be fettered in the Japan identity.
Last but not least
Besides what I conclude as above, the author also makes other points in his 213-page book. He describes the sex trade in Japan as “in a glass”, and accuses Japan most of its legal or extralegal barriers to stop foreign business out of its door.
After reading the whole book, what surprises me most is that Japan in the eyes of this French author can also be China in the eyes of many other westerners. His interpretations about Japan show his confusion as a French to an Asian country. For a long time I have taken as granted that Japan is so different that even the fact that it is located in Asia proves nothing about its relativity to other Asian countries. But this book changed my “bias”. To a westerner, Japan is still very Asian, as Asian as China and India. And many of the author’s confusions are not at all confusing to me.
Though this book cannot be counted as a masterpiece, it still has its value when it reveals to me how strange and abnormal an Asian can be to a westerner, while the Asian in his description is just an Asian like me. I even have to control my impulse to defend for the Japanese in his book.
Sadly, I always find out what interests the author most is what on earth makes Japan the second strongest economic body in the world. It is Japan’s economic success that leads De Mente to dig into Japanese persona as a whole. This just reminds me of how an author should keep as both objective and respectful as he can when he writes about another country or people he does not belong to. Cross-cultural study has its significance only when people doing the study aim to understand the different culture, and not to push some universal principles or judgments on cultural pagans.
The book is divided into 38 chapters, each with a title quite intriguing but actually reveals nothing in depth. The most severe problem with this book is that it is not supported by convincing statistics.
Now I am going to introduce this book within my divisions.
Being Japanese and un-Japanese
According the author, Japanese have developed a very strict and impenetrable “Kata” system. Kata means the social system belonging only to Japan, including its unique etiquettes, social classifications, and its culture.
How can Japan do this? First, it is a city-state like country located in an island. Though Japan has developed its business relations with the neighboring Korea and China for more than 1500 years and actually borrowed or “stolen” a lot from them, Japan absorbed all the exotic resources into its own system, labeling them differently and even changing them into a totally new being. All the confusions, frustrations or fascinations about Japan have probably originated from this.
Japanese have a common philosophy of life. The author of this book makes his conclusion mostly from the point view of a businessman. I want to conclude from a more cultural way. Japanese share the characteristics as below:
1. Their choose their exclusion and isolation from the outside world, that is, their unreasonable persistence to be a pure Japanese;
2. They pursue absolute homogenization of almost every aspect of life. Japanese therefore stick to a whole set of rules and regulations existing in this country and punish those who can’t obey them and be “outstanding”’
3. Japanese have a different logic and communicate in a nonverbal way, which prevent them from being understood and conquered by other nationalities;
4. Japanese believe that the more devoted and skilled they are at their work, the closer they are to wisdom and happiness. That’s why Japanese never give up the pursuit for perfection and make best-quality products in the world.
5. Japan refuses any fundamental change and has the “moral hazard” syndrome. Coached in their identity as Japanese, they tend to have the victim mentality and avoid responsibility.
The five points I conclude from the book are those which I find agreeable. The author also points out the new trend among some young Japanese that they want to be de-Japanized. It is quite easy to know why. Japan sells its goods to all over the world and had been the second largest economic body for a long time. Though it has tried many ways and succeeded in isolating itself from the outside, part of the Japanese mind cannot avoid being “polluted” by foreign thinking. Japan’s economic expansion gets itself involved in the inevitable internalization/globalization.
Japanese vs. English: spoken with different halves of the brain
The author of Japan Unmasked even complains that it seems impossible for a foreigner to fully handle good Japanese if he was not born and brought up in Japan. Chasms of logic and cultural contents lie in Japanese and English. Japanese is such a “loaded language” that one has to be a Japanese in order to learn Japanese well. People speak Japanese and English even with the different halves of the brain.
According to Chomsky,language shows a lot about the people and the country which speak it. Social contexts are exposed, and even the invisible social taboos can be detected in its language once the taboos are transferred secretly into linguistic symbols and safely preserved. The author tells how difficult it has been for many foreigners to learn Japanese. Months of intense learning, for example, nine hours per day’s dedication to Japanese, is indispensable.
Since I have not studied Japanese myself, I cannot tell whether the author is exaggerating or not. However, it is true that many Chinese are learning this language and have learned it well. Is it because Asian people are after all closer to Japanese’s logic and thus their language compared to this author from France that it will also be easier for Asians to learn Japanese?
How to kata-ize Japan: hell schools and “black-mark” system
The author of this book has expressed his amaze on how Japan can keep its Nihonteki—that is, its Japan essence – undamaged for such a long time. Common sense informs us that if one country wants to fulfill any of its ambition to brainwash and propaganda, it should take action early enough and tough enough. That’s how the hell schools and “black-mark” system come into being in Japan.
Education is crucial to a country’s success. Many westerners have showed their heaping praise for Japan’s education system, since it has created many highly efficient workers and made Japan an economic miracle. People praise Japan’s education for its clear-cut disciplines and with-aim trainings. But the author of this book seems to put up with the opposite question. He tells about the Ijime phenomenon. Ijime means“ to tease in its better form and to torment in its worse form”.
"Who will be the targets of Ijime? I have talked about Japan’s deliberate isolation from non-Japan world. So what will happen to the Un-Japanese if they refuse to be totally Japanese? Many children had moved with their parents abroad and then went back to Japan. When they were back to schools in Japan, they were treated by both the teachers and their classmates as un-Japanese aliens and traitors of Japan. These move-back young students will be threatened and abused by the native Japanese. They become the victims of the prevalent Ijime."
The author also gives another explanation for Ijime. Japan as a country refusing democracy and embracing high unification, has since 17th century decided for its students what textbooks to read and what exams to take. The set curriculum and exams can be very demanding and cause among students fierce competition and further hell-like atmosphere. Japanese education, according to the author, trains machine-like geniuses on math and science but they cannot think independently and creatively. Students tend to transfer their pressure and depression resulting from overloaded study to their classmates.
In schools there is Ijime to ensure the Japanization to go on. In the adult world, Japan has the “black-mark” system to carry out its mission. In Japan seniority is taken as an important standard for evaluation. Old people, as long as they adhere to the rules set for a Japanese and don’t make any mistake, can get promotion and respect in Japanese society. Under such a system, one takes double risks making any changes or mistakes. Once a Japanese makes a mistake or offense, the “black-mark” system in Japan will never forget his or her fault or wrong-taken step. This black-mark system exists anywhere and anytime. One takes the “black-mark” record in his dossier wherever he goes. That prevents a Japanese to take bold moves and therefore makes a Japanese more willing to be fettered in the Japan identity.
Last but not least
Besides what I conclude as above, the author also makes other points in his 213-page book. He describes the sex trade in Japan as “in a glass”, and accuses Japan most of its legal or extralegal barriers to stop foreign business out of its door.
After reading the whole book, what surprises me most is that Japan in the eyes of this French author can also be China in the eyes of many other westerners. His interpretations about Japan show his confusion as a French to an Asian country. For a long time I have taken as granted that Japan is so different that even the fact that it is located in Asia proves nothing about its relativity to other Asian countries. But this book changed my “bias”. To a westerner, Japan is still very Asian, as Asian as China and India. And many of the author’s confusions are not at all confusing to me.
Though this book cannot be counted as a masterpiece, it still has its value when it reveals to me how strange and abnormal an Asian can be to a westerner, while the Asian in his description is just an Asian like me. I even have to control my impulse to defend for the Japanese in his book.
Sadly, I always find out what interests the author most is what on earth makes Japan the second strongest economic body in the world. It is Japan’s economic success that leads De Mente to dig into Japanese persona as a whole. This just reminds me of how an author should keep as both objective and respectful as he can when he writes about another country or people he does not belong to. Cross-cultural study has its significance only when people doing the study aim to understand the different culture, and not to push some universal principles or judgments on cultural pagans.
March 11, 2016
I enjoyed this book and found it very informative.
It is written from the perspective of a foreigner who intimately knows the way Japanese culture works. So, as a foreigner, he told me the proper etiquette I need to know in order to properly communicate with a Japanese person.
The only issue I had with the book was that he seems to let his personal biases about religion show come through when he speaks about the subject. The first example comes from the section where he talks about the origin of morality in Japanese society vs. western societies. He correctly stated that much of our morality comes from a Judeo-Christian worldview. However, he went on to say that the foundation of western society was based on events such as the crusades. I would contest that this is not the foundation, but an evil outcropping of the foundation. Western society was founded on the principles found in the Bible and the crusades were definitely against what the Bible teaches. In that same section, he goes on to state that most wars are centered on religion. I would also contend with this fact. Take a look at the atrocities that Stalin and Mussolini committed, both atheists. Atheist China today has put many many people to death in the 21st century alone. However let's just say for argument's sake: what if most wars are committed by religious people? Most of the world is religious. There are very few people groups who are atheist as a whole, so when people start wars, they will most likely be religious since most people are religious in some fashion. So, I would say that the deciding factor is not that religion causes wars. There is a deeper cause, an issue with people and their hearts, but that is a discussion for another day.
Simply put, the author seems to have an issue with religion. He mentions later in the chapter about sexuality in Japan, "The Japanese did not associate sex with sin or with the love of one person for another, and thus over the eons they have been spared the suffering imposed on Christian and Muslim people by their religious leaders." Statements such as these seem emotionally charged from the language and wording he uses. This makes me believe that he has had some very bad experiences in his life with religion and/or religious people. This bias comes through in his writings.
Other than this one issue, I love this book! He gives you the information in an interesting and useful way!
It is written from the perspective of a foreigner who intimately knows the way Japanese culture works. So, as a foreigner, he told me the proper etiquette I need to know in order to properly communicate with a Japanese person.
The only issue I had with the book was that he seems to let his personal biases about religion show come through when he speaks about the subject. The first example comes from the section where he talks about the origin of morality in Japanese society vs. western societies. He correctly stated that much of our morality comes from a Judeo-Christian worldview. However, he went on to say that the foundation of western society was based on events such as the crusades. I would contest that this is not the foundation, but an evil outcropping of the foundation. Western society was founded on the principles found in the Bible and the crusades were definitely against what the Bible teaches. In that same section, he goes on to state that most wars are centered on religion. I would also contend with this fact. Take a look at the atrocities that Stalin and Mussolini committed, both atheists. Atheist China today has put many many people to death in the 21st century alone. However let's just say for argument's sake: what if most wars are committed by religious people? Most of the world is religious. There are very few people groups who are atheist as a whole, so when people start wars, they will most likely be religious since most people are religious in some fashion. So, I would say that the deciding factor is not that religion causes wars. There is a deeper cause, an issue with people and their hearts, but that is a discussion for another day.
Simply put, the author seems to have an issue with religion. He mentions later in the chapter about sexuality in Japan, "The Japanese did not associate sex with sin or with the love of one person for another, and thus over the eons they have been spared the suffering imposed on Christian and Muslim people by their religious leaders." Statements such as these seem emotionally charged from the language and wording he uses. This makes me believe that he has had some very bad experiences in his life with religion and/or religious people. This bias comes through in his writings.
Other than this one issue, I love this book! He gives you the information in an interesting and useful way!
December 11, 2016
Shallow and stereotypical.
Some of his claims seem so strange, talking about the Japanese as though they are practically aliens, that I found myself mistrusting him. What perspective and biases does he have, I wondered, that prevents him from clearly perceiving this group of people? Is Japan really this strange, or does he find all Asian cultures to be fundamentally incomprehensible?
I was born in China and many of these described behaviors seem not so opaque and mysterious to me. I can readily comprehend the kind of feelings and beliefs that would produce these cultural ideas, and they are all very human.
I needed him to compare and contract with at least one other Confucian-inflected Asia culture, so that I could evaluate the accuracy of his judgment, to gage the veracity and context to his opinions.
Some of his claims seem so strange, talking about the Japanese as though they are practically aliens, that I found myself mistrusting him. What perspective and biases does he have, I wondered, that prevents him from clearly perceiving this group of people? Is Japan really this strange, or does he find all Asian cultures to be fundamentally incomprehensible?
I was born in China and many of these described behaviors seem not so opaque and mysterious to me. I can readily comprehend the kind of feelings and beliefs that would produce these cultural ideas, and they are all very human.
I needed him to compare and contract with at least one other Confucian-inflected Asia culture, so that I could evaluate the accuracy of his judgment, to gage the veracity and context to his opinions.
July 23, 2016
The book is an eye opener to anyone living, want to live, interested in Japan and the Japanese culture and society. The writer takes the reader very deep in the Japanese mind and society. The author of this book provided answers to a lot of the questions I had living in this society. Helped me understand more about the communication styles and cultural codes in the society I am living in. This helped improve both my professional and social relationships.. Definitely will recommend to read
December 26, 2023
As a former resident of Tokyo and a frequent japan visitor myself, i found the book interesting but too repetitive. It touch on many key areas esp differences between japan and America, but didn’t fully explain why, for example, Germany- from where japan copied many practices (including education system ) is not having similar problems (eg suicide, innovation). While Germans are as risk-avert as Japanese, they are far more individualistic, and far less perfectionist. Overall it’s an interesting book, but too repetitive and somehow a bit out of date.
July 2, 2023
Quick and easy read explaining many of the facets of the Japanese culture.
October 8, 2023
Dry. Boring. Condescending, if not prejudiced.
Needed an editor to help with the flow of the word vomit.
Needed an editor to help with the flow of the word vomit.
March 21, 2019
the first book i read to understand japan more other than the usual things people think of. got it a a Japanese museum. really cleared some things for me and helped me understand as a people better
August 28, 2013
There are some interesting parts like the description of the "three rules for success for bureaucrats": never be late for work, never do any work, never take any vacation. But overall the book is poorly edited with many repetitions, as if each chapter was written by itself and nobody was careful enough to at least read it once and get rid of that. However it is more bearable than the "cultural words of Japan" and for those who are starting in the country can be a useful read.
August 9, 2011
Fascinating look into Japanese psyche.
Displaying 1 - 12 of 12 reviews