Do you realize that you have the most beautiful face?
Do you realize we're floating in space?
Do you realize that happiness makes you cry?
Do you realize that everyone
you know
someday
will die?
It's difficult to read a book whose starting assumption is that our current technological civilisation will commit suicide by using up every last scrap of fossil and nuclear fuel in an effort to preserve business as usual. No one wants to be Ozymandius' serf. But I think we all know that this is the most likely scenario. So, starting from that premise, this book lays out the most-likely trajectory of the world's climate and ecosystems over the next 400,000 years.
Landis' presentation of the timescales of humanity really fascinated me. Modern humans have been around for ~100,000 years, but we only formed civilisations in the last 10,000. Why? Most likely because of the nice stable interglacial period. So, are stable climactic conditions a prerequisite for (obligate agriculture-based) civilisations? It sure looks that way.
Landis is an ecologist and knits together hundreds of scientific writings to work out a reasonable scenario, and makes a broad-brush attempt at predicting when our climate will once again favour civilisations. Not fossil-fuel burning, technological civilisations, since it will take hundreds of millions of years to restock those supplies, but sailing-ship, agricultural, warring civilizations, which we're used to thinking of as "typical", but only because they produce some form of history (oral or written). This unlike people living as "barbarians", the loose ~100-person groups of hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, and gardeners who really make up ~99% of human existence.
The whole book is immensely readable, broken into short (6-10 page) chapters, each of which is up-front about the author's deficiencies in whichever field is he attempting to tackle, or habits of thought that you might find yourself falling into in order to more easily (but incorrectly) parse the information given. It's a great style and really makes what might otherwise be a tough slog very engaging. And there are just so many interesting things to be considered. How long will coral reefs last and will they come back? What will live in the fisheries of the future? How fast do the climactic zones move once we get into positive ice-melting feedback? What will happen to all that carbon in the future? How does terrain affect the local weather, and can it preserve species? And running as a thread through all of it: where does humanity fit in, as a somewhat-aware but globally-uncoordinated keystone species?
I won't spoil the answers to these questions: you should read the book yourself. Suffice to say, this isn't a book about the apocalypse, or the singularity. It's about the middle ground, the actual likely grey area where we will end up. It's really quite hard to kill off an entire species as adaptable as us, and most likely, no matter what we cause the climate to throw at us, we're going to survive. The first part of this, the climbdown from ~10 billion humans to more the order of tens to hundreds of millions, is the most shocking and hard to think about. But we must. We will run out of non-renewable fuels. That is the definition of non-renewable. And how we get from where we are now to a sustainable society is the journey we still have control over.
And instead of saying all of your goodbyes, let them know
You realize that life goes fast
It's hard to make the good things last
You realize the sun doesn't go down
It's just an illusion caused by the world spinning round