Ruth Schlossberg Landes was an American cultural anthropologist best known for studies on Brazilian candomblé cults and her published study on the topic, City of Women (1947). Her other field studies included stays with the Ojibwa of Ontario and Minnesota, the Santee Dakota in Minnesota, and the Potawatomi in Kansas. Towards the end of her career she wrote extensively on ethnic relations in the U.S., bilingualism in Europe and the Americas, and the effect of culture in American education. Landes is now recognized as a pioneer in the study of race and gender relations.