Ogień i krew

by John Charles Chasteen

Książka Johna Charlesa Chasteena to kompetentna i jasno napisana historia dwudziestu krajów Ameryki Łacińskiej, od czasów wypraw Kolumba do ostatnich wydarzeń XXI wieku. Czytelnik znajdzie w niej znakomity wykład i objaśnienie dziejów kontynentu amerykańskiego, sięgające również do przemian historycznych w Portugalii, Hiszpanii, Francji, Stanach Zjednoczonych, Chinach czy Rosji, a mających wpływ na losy krajów łacińskich. Autor, amerykański historyk, profesor Uniwersytetu Karoliny Północnej, znakomicie rozumie procesy historyczne i problemy społeczne regionu. Jego książka jest nie tylko opowieścią o faktach, lecz zarazem historią idei i prądów kulturowych, które ukształtowały Amerykę Łacińską.

Genres: History, Nonfiction, Latin American History, Politics, World History, School, Latin American

280 pages, Unknown Binding

First published January 1, 2000

Reviews

[Ali · Rating 3 out of 5]

“We need to ask, first of all, whether so many countries can really share a single history. At first blush, one might doubt it...[D]o these twenty countries in their startling variety really have a single history? No, in the sense that a single story cannot encompass their diversity. Yes, in the sense that all have much in common. They experienced a similar process of conquest and colonization. They became independent more or less the same way, mostly at the same time. They then struggled with similar problems in similar ways. Looking back after two centuries of independence, one sees that similar trends have washed over the entire region, giving Latin American history a well-defined ebb and flow.”
— Born in Blood and Fire

If you want a whirlwindish tour of Latin American history, starting with the era of Colonization in the fifteenth century all the way up to the present time, and if you like me are a nescient when it comes to Latin America, then I guess this book is not a bad place to start.

In 352 pages, with entire pages dedicated to colored maps and illustrations, it’s almost an affront to Latin American history to read this and think you have really learned something. But there are also differences between reading a short book like this (covering nearly 600 years of 22 countries) and reading the Wikipedia page of Latin American history (or the Britannica one if you want a bit more coherence and are okay with less up-to-datedness).

The upside is that it’s written by only one author who is a historian deeply passionate about Latin America and has spent years of his life in Colombia (despite his passion, he retains a good level of objectivity) and his narrative echoes his love of Latin America. Altough, his tone is a bit needlessly didactic, especially in the first chapters (he is teaching entry-level students, but come on man, you don’t need to sound like a wise village elder). The downside is that even though this is considered as a book, it’s nearly impossible to form a coherent narrative which can encompass yay much of history in only 352 pages (I realize I’m repeating myself) and despite Chasteen’s noble attempt, reading this book generally feels like playing hopscotch in which you have to imagine the chalk marks forming the squares in your mind (for a lack of chalk?).

(I know you’re saying why did you read it then? To which I answer that I also recommended it to one of my Goodreads friends, who is just starting to get interested in history, and we read it together and I felt the need to constantly shout that hey, history books aren’t always this general and disconnected.)

After finishing it however, my initial impression of the book being a sociologicalesque (which is usually focused on trends and societal transformations) study changed a bit because John Charles Chasteen has weaved stories of major and minor personalities in his account and this is not dull history as a result. There are full-colored illustrations and gorgeous maps to boot which I actually stopped and stared at up to minutes straight (Latin American history is not after all the American Civil War, for which I can just go to the USMA website and find all the maps that I want, so the maps are essential for avoiding google maps and time-consuming-yet-usually-futile hunts). Brief sections also cover important artists, painters, novelists and even religious figures who influenced (and were influenced by) the prevailing attitudes and ways of thinking. These parts are really good which add a bit of luster to the book.

The book is divided into eleven chapters covering the early and latter stages of colonialism, the independence movement of the early nineteenth-century, the “neocolonial” period of the late nineteenth and early twentieth, the era of nationalism, revolution (and reaction) and also a final chapter on present-day neoliberalism. The book is built chronologically but in each chapter, Chasteen jumps from one country to the next to cover the events in all of them (which can be jarring) or when events are related to more than one region, the overall effect is studied and analyzed. Before the independence movements, which found its ultimate leader in Simón Bolívar, Latin America was divided into large parts of colonial territories and therefore the similarities between different regions are much more pronounced. After modern-day nations started to take shape, the differences start to emerge which makes narrative jumps more frequent and the coverage less coherent.

The book naturally starts with recounting the long and painful process of colonization and also a bit of background building. The “crusading mentality” of the Spaniards is explained in the sense that because of the history of rivalry between the Spanish and the Moors, and especially the guiding hand of the Spanish Inquisition dogmas, Spaniards found it expedient and even justifiable to dominate and colonize other nations. Chasteen himself (despite being passionate about the subject and clear-eyed in his view of the cruelty of the colonizers) points out “It makes little sense to judge their [the colonizers’] moral quality as human beings because they merely lived the logic of the world as they understood it, just as we do”. Sorry but that won’t do. I judge slavers and brutal colonizers who destroyed countless lives and communities and imported slaves from Africa without caring how many of them would perish in the voyage, as the freaking barbarous assholes that they were, social relativism be damned.

That aside, Chasteen is not blaming everything in Latin American history on colonization, nor does he neglect the permanent mark of colonization in their societies. Rather, he is pointing out that the Latin America that exists today is a child of that period, with so many things different yet with patterns of similarities that are discernible, connecting (if only loosely) the present to the past. The legacies of colonization are present, even if it’s hard to define and trace them back to their origins. Because the book is short, these patterns are only intuitively introduced. The author also writes with a good level of skepticism; like the fact that the independence (or the nationalist movement to an extent) did not mean a better society for all; the struggle for independence ended the slavery in some areas, but not all for example. Brazil was the latest country to give up slavery, after around seventy years had passed from the wars of independence.

I liked the parts dealing with the 20th century history of Latin America, especially after Castro takes center stage, because of the disproportionate effect of the Cuban example on the trajectory that the continent started to take. The independence movement was also interesting to read because the struggle for independence erased the borders of different regions (if momentarily), in the pursuit of their common goal. These parts are inherently more absorbing, but because it’s shared history, it is more suited for a book like this.

The worst part is that there are no end notes and there is no bibliography. I get it that it’s an introductory book but even if the target audience are new students, the author is setting a bad example. And it’s kind of lazy. Throw us a bone once in a while with a few notes.

I hit the word limit on writing my last review and thus feel mentally chastised. So, suffice to say that if you’re just starting to read about Latin America and you’re content with a very very brief history of sooo many countries lumped together, this might be a good start for you. Concise and beautifully illustrated, with good structure and written with passion (and a bit academically-oriented) this was a satisfying read, if only because I have to keep up appearances for the simple reason that I had recommended it. No it was alright. But also because I read it alongside a cool friend.

***

I buddy-read it with Shaghayegh, my dear Goodreads friend. I hope she continues her study of history (she has the aptitude for it), even though this book was not exactly an easy or an enjoyable start.

[Lauren · Rating 3 out of 5]

Quick notes:

1) This book has several editions. I read the first edition, published in 2001 - a copy from my library. There are now three subsequent editions. This (likely) has little bearing on the 100+ years historical events, but the final chapters (the last 40-50 years) are undoubtedly more detailed - SO much has happened in these regions since 2000.

2) This book is written and intended as a university textbook. Chasteen is an engaging writer and makes the history interesting, but in textbook form, there is very little in the way of resources and citations. I was disappointed by that, but did see that in 2011, he published a sister guide focusing on primary sources and #ownvoices. This is a great addition for a classroom, and I plan to seek it out too.

3) The subtitle of this book is "A Concise History of Latin America", and at 352 pages for 500 years of history, it is definitely CONCISE. Chasteen states upfront that there will be broad sweeps, and he focuses on the major players (Brazil, Mexico, Argentina) with notable references to Chile, Colombia, Peru... but Bolivia, Paraguay, Venezuela, and even the expanse of Central America barely get a nod, only in later chapters with neocolonialism and US interventionism, and even then, brief.

For a basic history, this is a good place to start. Chasteen covers a lot of ground, and manages to integrate aspects of indigenous studies, women's history, labor history - and I imagine this has just increased with each new edition.

I will be digging deep into South American history, literature, and culture starting in 2019, so this was a solid survey text to begin that project.

3.5 stars - a .5 star deduction for the lack of bibliography, end notes, and further reading!

[Traveller · Rating 4 out of 5]

Three and a half stars. Deals as a sweeping introduction to those that are new to Latin-American history, and a thin but broad base to those whose knowledge of it is patchy.

When I started reading it, it gave me pause that the history of South America pre-latinization, is so sketchily drawn, but I then realized that the book is titled "A Concise History of LATIN America" - and on that the book delivers. It covers most of Latinized America, from the conquest by Europe to more or less the early-ish millenium. It is concise, and on top of that, a pleasantly conversational easy read that flows fast.

It also gave me a foothold from which to pursue further reading on those aspects of South America that I needed more in-depth information on.

[Linda · Rating 3 out of 5]

Obligatory terse review, as things are still hectic around here.
I waffled and wavered all over this. First, inclined for a four, then a two, so going for a three. Why? It's concise, clear, non-pretentious prose, not without its bias but not heavily so. It offers the usual summary of political and historical events in Latin America (for Brazil is discussed almost as much as the Hispanophone countries), with a few moments where the author clears up a few things that either are misconceptions or what he considers to be so.
The reason I couldn't give it a full raving review is that I believe it's geared to be used as a text, and this man doesn't cite his sources. Ever. Yes, I know, Doris Kearns Goodwin and all that, but I simply couldn't put this in front of my students and say "yes, this is allowed." As a matter of fact, I fight them yearly on the issue.
A section at the end of each chapter highlights a particular phenomenon, and there are black and white photos at the beginning of each chapter and each of these end segments, with some good charts interspersed.

[Shaghayegh · Rating 3 out of 5]

ریویو در آینده‌ای (امیدوارم) نه چندان دور نوشته میشه.

[Amri · Rating 3 out of 5]

It's a decent political history of Mexico, Central and South America but it wasn't very satisfying because he just can't do justice to 500 years of history in 20 countries, even if as a region they often mirrored each other, in 400 pages.

Also, there's no liking the US after this one. Not that I've ever been a fan of the US involvement in Latin America but yowsers, Chasteen in harsh.

[Mark Taylor · Rating 4 out of 5]

While I generally pride myself on being a well-rounded individual, I will readily confess that knowledge of Latin American history is one of my blind spots. For whatever reason, I don’t remember learning much about Latin America throughout my educational journey. Now that I’m teaching World History to 10th graders, I decided I needed to learn more about this part of the world, and a fellow teacher recommended John Charles Chasteen’s Born in Blood and Fire: A Concise History of Latin America. I read the second edition, published in 2006, but the most recent edition is the fourth, which just came out in June, 2016.

Chasteen’s book is an excellent overview of Latin American history from 1492, when the Old and New Worlds first collided, to the present day. As an overview, it certainly helped me to understand more about the historical trends of Latin America, and the difficult journey that many countries in the region have faced since winning their independence nearly two hundred years ago. There were many people and events that I wanted to learn more about-for example, Simon Bolivar, who gets the briefest of mentions in the text, or Getulio Vargas, the longtime President of Brazil who committed suicide in office in 1954. It would have been nice to get a little more insight into some of these leading players, but I understand the difficulty in recapping five hundred years of history for more than twenty countries in less than 350 pages.

If you’re looking to start learning about the rich and vibrant history of Latin America, Born in Blood and Fire is a very good place to start.

[Mark Masters · Rating 3 out of 5]

This book was the required reading for a Latin American history class I took in college. I found it a fascinating read, and I spent much of time comparing and contrasting our own American history (U.S.) with that of Latin American. From conquest, to the Castas race hierarchy, to Latin America’s fight for independence, and Latin America’s consequential emergence onto the would stage, I found it very interesting.

Unfortunately, the latter half of book was peppered with the author’s own leftist views and the hero worship of Castro in the chapters on Cuba was almost unpalatable.

[Claire]

A Eurocentric history that shades into one focusing heavily on the role of the United States as the author moves through the time, this book could have benefited greatly from an expanded focus on the indigenous and African peoples of Latin America (the mestizos get some representation, though perhaps not enough). Also largely absent are voices of peasants, as this is definitely a top down history. History is more than a recounting of the actions of great men, though credit is due to the author for including brief passages on women and also dipping his toes into cultural waters with discussions of Latin American novelists and poets, though a multitude of other cultural practices are ignored. Overall, Born in Blood and Fire reads like an introductory textbook to Latin American politics that, while deftly tracing the history of Latin American government and to a lesser extent economy, leaves out important components of the large regions history in the form of groups and topics that do not fit Chasteen's chosen focus.

[Malonie · Rating 4 out of 5]

This is exactly what I wanted, a basic framework history of Latin America. This truly is a concise history so if you are looking for a more in depth analysis then this is not the book for you. I thought this book did a good job of tracking trends throughout Latin America and it left me wanting to find out more.

[Ayesha Tahir · Rating 5 out of 5]

Aside from this being a wonderful textbook, it was such a great read. I think the most important thing to mention is not the organization or the historical content in any way, but the approach that Chasteen takes in delivering it. Rita accessible, witty in places, and simple. There’s a lot of content that the book covers — 500 years of content across many countries — but Chasteen’s writing makes it digestible and interesting. I loved this as a book as well as a companion to HIS290 fr fr

[Michael Burnam-Fink · Rating 3 out of 5]

A history of a continent and a half cannot be contained in 329 pages (plus sources), but Chasteen gives it his best shot. This a fine introductory text, and more enjoyable to read than Kiernan's Viet Nam, but it lacks nuance or detail.

Chasteen traces two major narratives through the many nations of Central and South America. The first is their tripartite cultural heritage, combining in various ways Iberian colonizers, Africa slaves, and indigenous people. The second is swings between conservative and modernizing forces. Conservative politics, whether Catholic or based around a cuadillo strongmen, lead to stagnation and revolt. The modernizers, whether early 19th century nationalist revolutionaries, 20th century nationalists of both liberal and Marxist stripes, and 21st century neoliberals, make grand promises that never seem to pan out for the rural majorities of these countries.

I get the difficulty of writing a synthetic history covering millions of square miles and hundreds of years in a reasonable page count. And there are some things which I like, like short "counter-narrative" chapters that showcases countervailing trends. But I have little sense of South America as informed by its history.

[Abraham Rincon · Rating 3 out of 5]

I read this book for a Latin America history course. At times, the author rambled on a lot without being able to cut to the chase. The reading was moderately entertaining, but this is not your typical history book. It offers explanations in layman's terms for dense subjects, so it isn't very wordy. Overall, I enjoyed reading it.

[Kyle Worlitz · Rating 4 out of 5]

This is a very readable history. It is perfect for those new to the subject. I will use this in class into the future.

[AskHistorians]

This work gives an overview of Latin American history and is remarkably readable. It is an excellent starting point for anyone new to the study of Latin American history.

[Riley Sutherland · Rating 4 out of 5]

Wow. The history of Latin America from the 15th century through 2022 in one book. I needed an overview to prepare me for a qualifying exam field in an area I don’t have previous training in, and this did the job very well. Although it contains an overwhelming amount of information, it’s geared for high school and undergrad students, so it has very accessible language, solid chapter glossaries and comprehension questions, and an easy-to-follow structure.

[Drew · Rating 5 out of 5]

Thoroughly readable. If I ever wind up teaching the high school Latin American history summer course that they have threatened to ask me to do, this will likely be the text.

[Millie Nevelos · Rating 5 out of 5]

read for class but it was a really interesting read. especially to see times in history that are usually taken over by U.S. centric discussion and to understand what the impact was in Latin America

[Grace Johns · Rating 4 out of 5]

Solid book, learned a lot 👍🏻

[Nico · Rating 3 out of 5]

Read for a class on Latin American history. Like most reviewers, I think Born in Blood & Fire is concise enough to give one a very broad overview of Latin America. Chasteen makes a good argument, in terms of preciseness and length, for creating a general narrative of all Latin America. Despite the many differences, many of the countries have had the similar narrative of “conquest and slavery,” being “born in blood and fire.” However, this creates a sort of tension because, inadvertently, Chasteen mostly focuses on the big names: Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil. He does touch on every country with a well-rounded view of economics, politics, culture, and history; but given the attempt to make this the length of a course kinda textbook (15-16 weeks), it really suffers from trying to spread itself much too thin. As others state, not having a bibliography is a major oversight for an introductory guide whose audience is most likely undergrads. Given that it is only the surface of the ocean, it would only make logical sense to give one a guide to further developing their research in such a large field of study.


But again, it is good enough as a starting point before getting into much deeper studies and research. I think his argument in creating a grand narrative of Latin American struggles works, but it works only so far. It doesn’t necessarily erase the specifics because Chasteen has a discrete enough eye for pointing out the differences in details between the countries—their development based on geography, different effects of colonialism, and how the rest of the world effected these countries toward globalisation. Yet I found myself wanting more specifics of countries other than the big names. I found while digging into the many literatures of Latin America that it’s hard to see it as one holistic sort of national literature because every nation has its own unique and specific culture that manifests itself in their writing. It is much the same for their histories, you see so many parts that do not necessarily reflect a very stable whole. The book functions as an introduction, but for anyone wanting to learn more, I imagine getting into the specifics of the various countries would be the next step.

[Sara · Rating 2 out of 5]

First of all, the second edition is riddle with typographical errors and annotation errors. That aside, the last chapter of the book (which deals with the most recent events--the 90's) is so skimpy! It's as though Chasteen simply got tired of writing and let the book sort of dissolve.

It's decent as the barest survey. It's written to be read and understood easily, but Chasteen glosses over a lot of key event. That, and his bias is all over every page.

I read it for a college history class and was really quite disappointed with it. It was laid out well (time period wise), but seemed like a mediocre effort in general.

2 stars.

[Cody · Rating 3 out of 5]

Clean and concise, this enthusiastic history is a handy summary of Latin America's colorful and tumultuous journey over the past half millennium. Of course, as the author hints at in the introduction, the task at hand is an impossible one--five hundred years of a continent's history can hardly be fitted into such a small space--and the text does often feel a bit too glossy. But this is a worthy and useful venture none-the-less, providing a great jumping off point for the uninitiated.

[Brian · Rating 5 out of 5]

Assigned reading for Latin American History at Augusta University, and I know have a much better appreciation for the history and cultures of the Latin American people. I also have a better idea of the suffering and hundreds of thousands of deaths caused by American interference. Administrations, CIA coups, State Department sanctioning of the deaths of thousands...mostly due to our war against communism. An eye-opening history of an often belittled people.

[Erin · Rating 5 out of 5]

Really great, very concise, history of Latin America. The author does a great job of tying several centuries of complex economic, political, and social history together to bring us to the end of the 20th century. The book doesn't pull any punches from his take on the European and Western influence and how this has (and continues to) affected the stability today.

[Monith Ilavarasan · Rating 4 out of 5]

Overall, a really good overview. Sometimes the book shoots off into tangents and hops around abruptly, but honestly that might be the by product of trying to synthesize nearly a millennia of history into a little over 300 pages.
Definitely a good introduction into the development of Latin and Central America.

[Zahraa · Rating 2 out of 5]

Haven't really finished all of it since we were reading excerpts for a class.
I don't think it is possible to read and understand it with no prior knowledge of the topic or no one to explain/discuss the events.
Very helpful source for papers though.

[Lisa · Rating 5 out of 5]

This is a very readable textbook with great integration of women, minorities and the arts. It might be a good replacement for my current textbook in that it takes the history up to the present day. But it can only do so much and is quite “thin” so should be combined with other reading.

[Colin Kemmis · Rating 2 out of 5]

Really interesting backstories, summaries, and leaders in Latin America. All the kids are reading this one.

[Susan Mcnerney · Rating 5 out of 5]

Most engaging history book I've read in years. Great prep for a trip to South America.

[Audrey Gibson · Rating 4 out of 5]

Very well-written, Chasteen jumps around a bit but he does a great job explaining the social and political history of Latin American countries.