Freedom is a difficult thing not only to embody, but to define. Kris Kristoffeson writes (and Janis sings) "freedom's just another word for nothing left to lose" and The Eagles have it "freedom, well that's just some people talkin'..." Rock n' roll at its best ("purest" seems like the wrong word) perhaps embodies this best of all (at least in the postwar West). There are costs associated with freedom, of course. And a kind of void as well. The void gets elided, usually. The story becomes one of addiction and recovery, or finding peace through blah-blah. The dangerous days, the days when the music came, are hard to describe. But Chrissie Hynde's memoir, My Life as a Pretender, allows glimpses into freedom's void. And the price (and costs) of freedom. And why most people just don't get it.
Yes, I am aware of the books flaws. There are many of them: it is poorly written, in places sketchy or confusing, fraught with cliché, off-the-shelf cultural analysis, and half-assed character sketches. The beginning of the book is so bad that I almost gave it up: Sixties countercultural clichés and balderdash with dabs of incoherent sentimentality and hippie complaints. Throughout the book you are treated to Hynde's hatred of meat-eaters - sometimes hard to take from an alcoholic with a drug problem. But I persisted, and I am glad I did; the book is self-critical to an astonishing degree - and I don't mean the typical aw-shucks celebrity self-deprecation. Hynde's anxiety and self-loathing about what-to-be comes through here in a way few others would dare. It is one of the best celebrity-artist's memoirs I've ever read, right up there with Steve Martin's Born Standing Up.
One of the best things about it was Hynde's very clear-eyed account of what it is like to be young and trying to figure out what to do with yourself. This anxiety increases (for us coddled Americans, anyway) as the teens give way to the twenties and more of your cohort starts to figure it out while you remain befuddled. Awful times for many of us. Hynde obliterates the anxiety with drugs and booze and rock, but the anxiety remains. Writing from her success, she doesn't try to make it sound as if she were bound for glory. She watched in dismay as some of her partying pals at Kent State sober up, make the honor roll, and go on to graduate and get real, straight lives. Her move to London was a desperate, clueless leap into the void. Then came the tentative, decade-long creep towards putting together a band.
One of the most astonishing things about this book is Hynde's fearlessness combined with a craving for novelty, and, largely submerged or incoherent until she was almost thirty, her fierce ambition. She did things as a scrawny 15 year-old that I would, a big 6'2" male I'd never do on my most courageous day. Stepping off the bus at a fenced-in college campus in the middle of Mexico for a semester abroad, Hynde says "no way" to sharing dorm rooms with the chirpy co-eds she rode down with. Instead she goes over to a row of men sitting under an awning watching the girls and asks if any of them have a place where she can stay. Some guy with a big moustache has such a place... Funny thing is, she escapes harm living this way, despite doing a lot of drugs and standing out in the paddock nude with a cow (or a horse, I cannot remember) while her roommate take photos.
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Another thing about this book that is interesting (and controversial) is that Hynde doesn't take a "women in rock" line. God knows she paid her dues, but although she acknowledges the special difficulties inherent in being a woman - sexual abuse being but one aspect - she never sees this as in any way defining her. In fact she would attribute some of her breaks - especially her stint as a correspondent for the prestigious London musical magazine NME - as being a product of her louche, punky female sex appeal and not for her abilities. Her disgust (self- and otherwise) about being a rock journalist surprised me - she can't write, she says again and again (and this book sometimes rather supports this conclusion). Then there's the sexual politics - her admiration for Iggy Pop transcends all others...and she sleeps with him. Ray Davies of the Kinks - one of her teenage idols - has a daughter with her (barely mentioned - this happened after The Pretenders fell apart). And Hynde likes to sew, sews for her band and boyfriends - no apologies given, or necessary, but like Sylvia Plath insisting on being referred to as a "poetess" this tends to make some uncomfortable in the 21st century. But this feminine aspect is never hidden or occluded by Hynde - I get the feeling it is to her just a part of this story, a not especially important part. But even if you stop events at 1982 as she does, for all her abundant street cred, Hynde is never a Riot Grrrl. In this era of cultural identity (and politics) this makes Hynde, I would think, a odd man (er, woman) out. Her courage, tenacity, and willingness to take on what was in those days overwhelmingly a man's world would make her a natural in regards to feminist heroes. But she refuses to be an exemplar this way, understanding, I think, that this approach, for all its merits is not rock n' roll. You rock or you don't. For Hynde, I think it fair to say that identity is all about what you do, not who you are - besides, who are you if you aren't doing anything? This anxiety - to do something great - suffuses this book. And yeah, it's harder for women, but then it's pretty freakin' hard for everybody to stick to it and keep it real and not choke on your own vomit in a hotel room or move back in with mom like Syd Barrett did and mumble to yourself down in the basement, or blow your head off with a shotgun like Kurt Cobain...
Authenticity, like freedom is impossible to pin down, because once pinned it dies. To get literary about it, Hynde seems to have tried for a total "disorganization of the senses" that Rimbaud called for, a necessity for an artist in order to break the bonds of society and become a visionary. But she doesn't try to tart up being blitzed into some sort of artistic or intellectual thing. Hynde has too great a bullshit detector to credit herself this much, although she does again and again complain about the stultifying conformity of Akron, Ohio middle class c. 1960. But she wasn't really trying for some sort of Épater la bourgeoisie so much as she was just trying to avoid them altogether. She is grateful to her parents, in fact, for providing some sort of boundary she could kick against, a necessary condition for any real teenage rebellion. Sex, drugs, rock n' roll - and then booze - interestingly added a bit late to the mix because only straights drank liquor - until Hynde discovered she had a real liking for the stuff (and admits to being a real mean drunk). Which is to say, a lot of rock's appeal is that all that stuff simply feels good. In short, Hynde just liked to get f**ked up. Very rock n' roll.
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The problem, of course, is falling off the edge and, of course, a lot of them did, including half The Pretenders. Although the book as a whole is pretty sketchy as a narrative, Hynde gives one of the great, vivid rundowns - in glimpses, mostly - of what it is like to be on a rock 'n' roll tour bus with three bandmates and a variety of managers, roadies, and hangerson. It is awful. All The Pretenders were pretty much jerks (their drummer being the exception - rather going against the grain of rock n' roll clichés):
James Honeyman-Scott: A guitar-obsessive, perhaps a genius, Honeyman-Scott was the ingredient that made The Pretenders gel. He didn't like punk, and moved Hynde away to a chimey-jangley pop sound that Hynde had always liked anyway, back in the Sixties in Akron. Beyond the genius, he was a boor and vulgarian of the first order. Getting drunk and farting really loud in restaurants was the height of hilarity for this bumpkin dumbass. Grabbing flight attendants' boobs was another classic Honeyman-Scott move. He was interested in very little beyond guitars and getting wasted, a kind of musical idiot savant. I'd always heard that Hynde was "devastated" by his death, but beyond her appreciation for his talent, she didn't seem to like him much personally, so far as I could tell from this book. There wasn't much to like, apparently.
Pete Farndon: Just as the band was coming together, Farndon and Hynde had a stormy sexual relationships (all her relationships were stormy) that he apparently never got over. His drug use made him increasingly isolated and unstable to the point where the others sacked him - only to have Honeyman-Scott die two days later of an overdose. Farndon's boorishness, vanity, and general off-the-shelf bad druggie behavior made him tiresome just to read about, but he still sounded better to be around than Jimmy Honeyman-Scott. He died a year or so later, drug overdose, drowned in the bathtub.
Martin Chambers: The only reasonably decent person in the band, Hynde never makes it entirely clear if he was an especially good drummer. She does complain about his clothes - he liked nice suits. Actually, looking at old photos of The Pretenders, his suits have a rather timeless look that has worn well; a sort of Charlie Watts dignity. The others, even Hynde for all her fashion sense, had a bit of the 'eighties fashion victim look to them - jean jacket cutoffs over a leather biker jacket. Or Farndon's Rising Sun Samurai shtick (Hynde complains about this too). Honeyman-Scott had a sort of stuck-in-1974 fluffy blow-dried shag thing going - he could've fit in perfectly well with The Raspberries. Of course they couldn't have all dressed like Chambers - The Godfathers tried this and it seemed a bit labored, like Paul Revere and the Raiders in their Continental Army finery, you know. When the band visited Hynde's parents in Akron, Chambers went out bird-watching with her father, something I found so utterly decent and human compared to Sid Vicious encounters with gobbing and heroin and murder....but I digress...
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Perhaps people like Hynde - bravely seeking experience - are common. But Hynde's ambition and talent kept her together (and kept her from self-annihilation) and I found it exhilarating how she embodied that one characteristic that all successful artists share: persistence. She is one of those oddball artists who was a connoisseur first - her love of music preceded her ambition to write and play for years; Paul Gaugin comes to mind (and Peter Buck of REM as well - a retail record store manager with an enormous, eclectic collection before he ever joined a band). Characteristically, Hynde never gives herself much credit (except when it comes to vegetarianism - she is insufferable about that) - not sure if she could sing, hardly mentions her guitar chops, or if she even has them, and is sketchy about her writing process (I would've liked more about that). This attitude of hers could be seen as self-loathing (a result of the trauma from her rape, some would say; others might say because she was a woman trying to make it in a man's rock n' roll world), but I see it more as a product of the lacerating self-consciousness of what used to be called the True Artist. It is only until you have ransacked your talent and seen where its limitations and dead spots dwell that you can fully grasp what failure is - and the fact that all True Artists this side of Michaelangelo fail - they fail in their vision, they fail in their ability to live up to their ideals, they fail their audiences.
Which leads to the question of talent. Just how talented is Chrissy Hynde? She never directly addresses this, and when she does she is characteristically dismissive. She's not sure if she could sing. She's not sure she can play. Her weird time signatures come about because she cannot count. But although she doesn't praise this aspect of her talent, she doesn't modify the time signatures when more technically adept male musicians - who love to count, as she points out - are baffled. She knows what she wants and does not compromise. Again, persistence. But were The Pretenders a great band? Is Chrissie Hynde a great songwriter? I'd have to say no to both questions. There's only a few "great" bands and I don't think The Pretenders make it. Rather they fall in the might've been category, with Big Star, for instance. Bands who had the potential but flamed out with drugs, booze, enmity, inattention, failure of nerve, whatever. Hynde acknowledges the ravages of drugs on her life, her friends, her bandmates, but she never quite comes out and addresses what it did to her talent. She never let drugs entirely wreck her talent, but wreckage occurred, I think. But had she lead a more responsible, less dangerous life, would she have accomplished anything at all? Rock n' roll is in a way about wasting it all - your talent, your friends, your body, your life. Efforts to homogenize this aspect of rock, to make it corporate, put it to bed in college, enshrine it in the Rock n' Roll Hall of Fame are all either besides the point, or far worse, endangering the species. This isn't just a Rock thing. All art - hip-hop to poetry to sculpture to ragtime to dance - it all has something to do with defiance and freedom (that word again!) and taking no-going-back risks. This has been cheapened by bad sloganeering (and I'd include Neil Young among the guilty, hey hey my oh my), but there is something to it. And it's best to shut the f*** up and strap on a guitar.
***
And perhaps I should note that although I liked the Pretenders a lot, I was never a huge fan. I do recall when "Brass in Pocket," their first hit, hit the radio. I was a freshman/sophomore in high school and the radio was full of crap - so I would've told you. Looking back on it, I rather like the ragbag Top 40 of those days, when "Brass in Pocket" came seemingly out of nowhere: Kenny Rogers, Anne Murray, Chic, Billy Joel, Ronnie Millsap, REO Speedwagon. The Top 40 hadn't been fragmented yet, but there was a lot of awful songs out there, stuff your grandparents might like, with some occasional rockers - an interesting mix, actually. Or at least I found myself (secretly) fond of stuff like "The Pina Colada Song," "Le Freak" and "Hot Child in the City" even though, I'd insist I was a rocker. "Brass in Pocket" was interesting, I thought when it came out, but it never lit me up; at the time I thought of it as more of a novelty song than anything cutting edge (Hynde does not much like the song either, so she says in several places). I much preferred Tom Petty's "Refugee" - another weird American rocker bouncing back from England from those days. But what did I know? Mostly I just listened to The Beatles, over and over and over. I was the kid who loved the Beatles, that was my identity to some extent... Anyway, the Pretenders song that seems indispensable to me is "Back on the Chain Gang" - one of my all time favorites (I bought the single at some point). Their cover of The Kinks "Stop Your Sobbing" is pretty wonderful too. And, I should add, "Brass in Pocket" is much better than I initially gave it credit for. Listening to the many Pretenders tracks I don't know on YouTube while working on this, I found a lot of songs that verged on having a melody and then just sort of noodling off, Hynde's iffy lyrics and voice trying too hard to ramp up the voltage while Honeyman-Scott and the boys jingle-jangled. In college I much preferred REM back in the day for my dose of college boy jingle-jangle (thought I'm not sure REM ever quite hit the level of "Back on the Chaingang" or "Stop Your Sobbing.").
Freedom's void - I mentioned this at the beginning of this incoherent review. Towards the end of my undergraduate years, after two decades being the dutiful if lazy and sloppy student, I found myself facing graduation with fear and loathing. So many of my friends were approaching adulthood with optimism and fortitude when all I could see was drudgery and limitations. So I did what a lot of people do in this situation and started a band...oops....no I didn't. I have no musical talent whatsoever. What I did was signed up for graduate school. Same-old same-old but at least I was able to slack off for another year or two (I made it two). In graduate school I went quasi-punk - cut my own (thinning) hair, spiked it, and sewed a Union Jack to the back of my jean jacket and started hanging out in punk(esque) bars in Columbus Ohio. Yeah, I cringe at this now, but I was pretty desperate. I loved rock, and I had no interest in leading a conventional life, getting a new car, all that. I also lacked the courage of my convictions (or pretty much any kind of courage whatsoever) and so limped through my two years, unable to think of a good reason not to get my useless diploma and went home and got a job in the family business. My failure was complete. Just as I started my job, I heard a new record called "Smells Like Teen Spirit" and for a difficult year I blared Nevermind in my cassette deck on my way to and from work. Nirvana kind of saved my life there. Then P. J. Harvey. Then...well, I don't listen to new music anymore. Too old, too tired, too disdainful (everything sounds over-produced to me now, not that over-producing didn't happen in my younger years all the time too - Hynde points this out in her book).
Readers' complaints that it ends too soon or doesn't have enough about The Pretenders is sorta right but mostly wrong - the book ends where it should, with the dissolution of The Pretenders in 1982. Yeah, the group went on for decades, but it is just Hynde and a changing array of session guys (don't call them that!), kept together to let Hynde tell herself she is still in a group and not a solo act. Lennon (the Plastic Ono Band) and McCartney (Wings) did the same thing, probably because there is nothing better (and perhaps nothing worse) than being in a rock band that jells. For a brief moment, The Pretenders jelled, then half of 'em died.
But the last page is a disaster. In the book's sketchy, clumsy "Epilogue" she sums up The Pretenders' last 35 years:
"I kept the band going, loosely speaking. Different lineups and producers have seen me through and it's always a pleasure to do the old songs.
So be it.
I went on to have a lovely little family and found out that children really are the most joyful thing..." (p. 311)
So, uh, staying in Akron, getting married and having kids would've been "the most joyful thing" after all? Not entirely convinced here. Which is to say that the end of the book is trite, unbelievable. The Epilogue sums up not only The Pretenders, but also Hynde's life since 1982 in a single page. It's as if she wasn't even interested in the past 30+ years:
"I think it's easy to see that the moral of my story is that drugs, including tobacco and alcohol, only cause suffering. I read Allen Carr's Easy Way to Stop books and I stopped.
Philosophically, I've kept an ongoing relationship with the Bhagavad Gita, the glory I bask in, always finding answers for everything and solace..." (p. 311)
Whatever. That's the trouble with rock n' roll; there really is no place to go but dead or straight. There's no halfway about it. No "finding answers for everything" and finally, no basking in "glory," no "solace."