Disclaimer: This is probably more a rant about my son’s ADHD than a review. You’ve been warned.
Not too long ago, while reading a description of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, I was struck by its similarities to my child. Having been around for 100% of his fetal development, I know I ingested nothing worse than Ramen Noodles, but the similarities led me to the suspicion that my son’s more concerning behaviors and traits are related to some type of early brain damage. This took me down a rabbit hole that led me back to his diagnosis of ADHD from 3-4 years ago, which then led me to this book.
I don’t know why the pediatrician who diagnosed him didn’t explain that there is so much more to ADHD than inattentiveness. I hadn’t realized how valid “Blame It on My ADD” could be. This book explained so much about my son’s behavior, so many aha moments. It was like watching the end of Sixth Sense and reframing all those scenes in light of the big reveal. Some of the bigger ahas:
* Pre-natal developmental problems are linked to ADHD. I have a pet theory about mold in the chronically flooded basement I lived in while pregnant, but this is not one of the known factors listed in the book. What I do know is that my baby was so small en utero that the doctor decided I must have been confused about my dates and pushed out the due date a full month (which made no sense because that meant I wasn’t pregnant when I took my first positive pregnancy test, but hey, I’m no doctor). Lo and behold, my son was born “early” and very small.
* Temperament in infancy and early childhood is connected to ADHD. People would tell me my colicky baby had to be in pain to cry so much, but I secretly wondered if he was just bored. He could never get enough stimulation. I became a human Disneyland ride, bouncing and pacing and swinging simultaneously to keep him happy. The study about ADHD children playing with each toy for less time really hit home. As a toddler (through NOW), he couldn’t (can’t) entertain himself for long. I remember one particular weekend rushing him from one activity to the next — the zoo, the park, several playdates, and more — and coming home exhausted only to find my 5-year-old couldn’t entertain himself for even the one unstructured hour of the day. Still waiting for that selective hyper-focus everyone talks about ADHD-ers having to kick in.
* Deficiencies in fine motor skills are linked to ADHD. Around age 4, he was concerned about who would spoon-feed him when his baby brother needed the same service. When he was starting kindergarten, I remember trying to explain to a teacher that he couldn’t put on his own jacket. She kept thinking I meant he couldn’t zip it, but he literally could not put it on. Another teacher warned me he would fail kindergarten if he couldn’t form more legible letters. (We moved, so I never found out if he progressed enough to pass that school district’s standards.)
* More than an attention problem, ADHD is an issue with self-regulation and executive function. I think the book uses the term “self-inhibition,” but it made more sense for me to think of it as “self-control.” I truly believe my son wants to be “good” but has cognitive deficiencies that make carrying out that resolve difficult. I remember his pre-school self staring wistfully at a mall Santa and saying, “Santa won’t bring me anything. I’m not good.”
* ADHD brains have difficulty processing long-term consequences. Only days before I read this, my son had tried to explain, when asked why he did X when he knew the consequence would be Y, “I’m not a future person. I’m a now person.” He wasn’t presenting it as an excuse, just an explanation. I don’t know if I’m mixing up this book with other studies I’ve read, but I guess ADHD brains don’t get much, if any, of a chemical rush of pleasure from anticipating a reward, making it more difficult to work towards that reward. This explains why all his sticker charts remained empty growing up. I assume it works the same way in reverse, where he doesn’t get the same reaction to anticipated negative consequences as everyone else does.
* ADHD is one ginormous sleep problem. I’d already learned that ADHD and sleep problems are connected, but this book further explained that those with ADHD move more physically during sleep as well as during the day, and they don’t have the same structured circadian rhythms as others. I’ve read elsewhere that when sleep problems are solved, ADHD symptoms go away entirely. But since ADHD causes the sleep problems to begin with…
* ADHD is a disability. I remember trying to explain to a therapist that our son was “high maintenance” and required a lot of energy from me. The therapist interpreted this as him having “special needs,” and I corrected her, but maybe that wasn’t the wrong way to put it. However, the author is firm that this particular disability requires MORE accountability of the disabled, not less, in order to mitigate the disability.
* ADHD is linked to Oppositional Defiance Order. My son doesn’t have an ODD diagnosis, but that would explain A LOT.
One thing the author did well was make me, the parent, feel validated. I’ve gotten so burned out on parenting books, with their condescending assurance that you were doing everything ridiculously wrong until you found this book. I was whining to my sister about this when she said, “Maybe all the normal parenting books don’t work because you aren’t parenting a normal child.” (Mind blown.) If this can be called a parenting book, it’s not a normal one, thank goodness. The author reassures us that we aren’t bad parents. One study is cited to show that the differences between parents of ADHD children and others is probably a reaction to the child, not a cause. The author walks a fine line between not blaming parents and showing it’s still within the parents’ power to make it better. (It was sobering to hear that the big distinguishing factor between whether difficult toddlers are later diagnosed with ADHD is the primary caregiver.) He even understands that parents have their own crap to deal with, with ADHD parents being more likely to have depression and anxiety and even ADHD themselves, something that “normal” parenting books never seem to grasp. When the author expresses understanding of how exhausting parenting an ADHD child is...strumming my pain with his fingers. He notes that parents of ADHD children have the same stress levels as parents of children with severe developmental disabilities. And I thought I was just a wuss. He even includes a chapter on how to take care of yourself as a parent, with the takeaway that your child doesn’t need you to be a martyr.
A lot of the parenting suggestions in the book rang true to me, such as:
* Reward and punish immediately so they can more easily connect their behavior with its consequence. (I think of this as treating them like Pavlov’s dogs.)
* Lecture sparingly. The kid probably isn’t listening anyway. If you have to lecture, keep it short and sweet.
* Never issue a command without enforcing it. So think carefully before issuing a command.
* Focus on one behavior at a time. Decide what the biggest problem is and work on that. I don’t know why I never gave myself permission to do this, but it’s very freeing to think I don’t have to address every problem at once.
* Don’t expect perfect grades, or homework perfectly completed. I already resigned myself to Bs, but I was still insistent that homework be perfect because it was done on my watch. Like several parents in the book, I’ve let homework impair our relationship. Grades are definitely not the biggest problem we should be working on, and if I’ve learned anything from parenting it’s that I need to save my strength for the battles that actually matter.
On the other hand, the suggestions for dealing with schools seem like helicopter parenting to me. Teachers do not get paid enough to do give as much individualized attention to my child as the author thinks parents should demand. However, that’s my perspective as the parent of a kid who’s bright enough (or at least at the older end of his class enough) to eek by despite his ADHD (albeit below his potential), and maybe I’d feel differently if he wasn’t doing so okay. It’s probably useful for students who already have IEPs, and maybe I’ll revisit that chapter if we ever get to that point.
I’m also a bit skeptical about reward programs, having set up and discarded many over the years. The nature of ADHD, as the author explained, requires bigger-than-usual rewards, so even small rewards have to be relatively large. I was pleasantly surprised when I realized he could be bribed, at 5, to not fight with his little brother for 24 hours in exchange for the backpack he wanted for school. But I don’t feel I should buy him a $10 something for every day he doesn’t hit his brother, and giving him tokens (e.g., sticker charts, money) to work up to a bigger reward has almost never worked with him. Further, often when I’ve offered him a reward and he doesn’t earn it, he’s thrown a tantrum about not being given the reward anyway, so I’m stuck with even worse behavior than I started with. I’m not sure how to apply a reward system in conjunction with other science that suggests too many rewards and even praise can backfire into entitlement and a lack of motivation to perform without an arbitrary/extrinsic reward. I don’t want to raise a Naomi Campbell: “I don't get out of bed for less than $10,000 a day.”
As other reviewers have noted, there is certainly a bleak, almost hopeless tone to the book. I’d been taking comfort that kids “grow out of it,” as evidenced by their frontal lobes developing into normal size by adulthood, but the author shatters this by observing that an increase in size is not necessarily an increase in grey matter. And sure, 50% of kids “grow out of” ADHD by adulthood, but according to the author only 10% of kids DON’T have a some sort of mental disorder (depression, ADHD, anti-social, etc.) in adulthood.
But it’s what I needed — realistic explanations and expectations, not empty platitudes or promises about what a wonderful gift ADHD is if only it were understood. Maybe I’ll want to read that type of book later, but right now I want to know what I’m up against.
It’s helped to remind myself, when hearing that ADHD teens are however-many-more times likely to crash a car or get someone pregnant, that 4 times a very small percentage is still a small percentage. (Side note: I thought it was a little hypocritical of the author to scare us about how much more likely our child is to do all manner of shenanigans, then later lecture us not to catastrophize about our teen doing those shenanigans.)
I would have liked to see more optimism about neurofeedback and neuroplasticity in general, with evaluations of the effectiveness of exercises for developing white and grey matter in the prefrontal lobe (e.g, piano, “brain games,” Brain Balance), but I realize this book was written a while ago. I’d love to see an updated version.