To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation

by Martin Luther, Adolph Spaeth (Translation)

Martin Luther was one of the most influential men of the last millennium, and the man most responsible for the Reformation that split the Catholic Church in the 16th century. A German theologian, Luther wrote at length criticizing the Church and sparked the Reformation, all while being one of the most read authors on the continent in his lifetime. His teachings included important departures from Church dogma, including the claim that absolution of sin could not be purchased. Today his" 95 Theses" are among the most famous works in the world.

Genres: Religion, Theology, Christian, German Literature, Christianity, Classics, Nonfiction

60 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1520

About the author

Martin Luther (1483-1546) was a German monk, theologian, university professor and church reformer whose ideas inspired the Protestant Reformation and changed the course of Western civilization.

Luther's theology challenged the authority of the papacy by holding that the Bible is the only infallible source of religious authority and that all baptized Christians under Jesus are a spiritual priesthood. According to Luther, salvation was a free gift of God, received only by true repentance and faith in Jesus as the Messiah, a faith given by God and unmediated by the church.

Luther's confrontation with Charles V at the Diet of Worms over freedom of conscience in 1521 and his refusal to submit to the authority of the Emperor resulted in his being declared an outlaw of the state as he had been excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church. Because of the perceived unity of the medieval Church with the secular rulers of western Europe, the widespread acceptance of Luther's doctrines and popular vindication of his thinking on individual liberties were both phenomenal and unprecedented.

His translation of the Bible into the vernacular, making it more accessible to ordinary people, had a tremendous political impact on the church and on German culture. It furthered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation, and influenced the translation of the English King James Bible. His hymns inspired the development of congregational singing within Christianity. His marriage to Katharina von Bora set a model for the practice of clerical marriage within Protestantism.

Much scholarly debate has concentrated on Luther's writings about the Jews. His statements that Jews' homes should be destroyed, their synagogues burned, money confiscated and liberty curtailed were revived and used in propaganda by the Nazis in 1933–45. As a result of this and his revolutionary theological views, his legacy remains controversial.

Reviews

[Gurjot · Rating 3 out of 5]

can you tell i’m just adding books i read for school bcuz i REFUSE to lose my 2021 reading challenge. losing is not in my vocabulary...i am a WINNER!!

ANYWAYS...you should read this only bcuz Luther’s most admirable quality is his ability to conjure very descriptive insults for the Catholic clergy. my favourite is “coarse, unlettered asses and ignorant knaves”.

[Reagan Vernon · Rating 4 out of 5]

This book is a short introduction to Luther's grievances with the Catholic Church (accompanied by his suggestions for remedies). Luther is the type of writer who you should read every once in a while to remind yourself what they really said. Luther's words are a delight to read.

His cadence and clarity are striking. Sometimes you come away in disagreement, and other times, entirely convinced- regardless, I am always left with a simple, quiet "wow."

[Brit · Rating 4 out of 5]

Martin Luther is fairly easy to read. This book gives a good understanding of his thoughts, reasoning and priorities.

[William Lockett · Rating 3 out of 5]

Sometimes I forget how much of an almost stereotypical baby boomer Luther sounds like in his writing.

[sch · Rating 3 out of 5]

Jun 2015. Hearty good sense. Entertaining. Some doubtful argument. Used Wace and Buchheim's edition, the bulk of which is excerpted in Classics of Western Thought Series: Middle Ages, Renaissance and Reformation, Volume II.

Nov 2016. Rereading to teach; less doubtful than I remember.

[JR Snow · Rating 5 out of 5]

Second reading. First reading was under the wonderful Aaron Denlinger of Reformation Bible College, Senior Historical Theology I believe. Second reading, 11-2-17 for Reformation Day. Good stuff. Not the most precise of the reformers, but the one who wrote with the most conviction. It makes for good reading.

Read the edition that was included in Volume 36 of the Harvard Classics, 1st edition.

[Keith · Rating 3 out of 5]

Martin Luther’s Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation (1520) appears in volume 36 of The Harvard Classics, alongside his 95 Theses (1517) and On Christian Liberty (1520). Luther was the father of the Protestant Reformation, and in this pamphlet, he attacked many problems in the Roman Catholic Church of his era. Luther was far from the loyal monk he was back in 1517. He went so far as denying the spiritual authority of the Pope and proposing a radical change in the hierarchy of the church in Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation. The writing here is strong, succinct, and persuasive.


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[Image: Cover of the Delphi Classics’ The Harvard Classics]

Citation:
Luther, M. (2018). Address to the Christian nobility of the German nation (R.S. Grignon, Trans.). In C. W. Eliot (Ed.), The Harvard classics [eBook]. Delphi Classics. https://www.delphiclassics.com/shop/t... (Original work published 1520)

SuperSummary Editorial Team. (2025, February 26). “Ninety-Five Theses Study Guide.” SuperSummary. www.supersummary.com/ninety-five-thes...

Title: Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
Author(s): Martin Luther (1483-1546), R.S. Grignon (translation)
Year: 1520
Series: The Harvard Classics (1909): Volume 36 - Delphi Complete Harvard Classics and Shelf of Fiction
Genre: Nonfiction - Religion & Religious Criticism
Date(s) read: 4/10/25
Book 75 in 2025
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[Adam · Rating 3 out of 5]

A political treatise from early sixteenth-century that provides an excellent example of cunning rhetoric.Written by an Augustinian monk with an agenda of curtailing financial abuse and pastoral neglect within the Catholic Church, it lays out a strong case of moral legitimacy to do something its audience already desires for baser reasons.

The thesis more or less boils down to "The centralized Church organization is not effectively running the church, so you nobles should take their stuff because you'd run things so much better, since you're all way more awesome." Appeals to ego, frustration at outsiders, and moral justification to cover the appealing prospect of taking more stuff. Punchy rhetoric all laser-focused on the intended audience: powerful German nobility with the wherewithal to defy the Vatican's potent heft.

[Catherine · Rating 5 out of 5]

Luther at his easiest to read. This work is recommended for how well it covers the ecclesiastical and political issues of the time, and how it helps develop the context for the Wittenberg door, the HRE, the devouring behemoth of Rome coming out of the Middle Ages, and even some of the groundwork for the eventual nationalistic movements in the 18th and 19th centuries. Beyond the letter itself, the history at the beginning of this edition was well-edited to be thorough in providing a backdrop without becoming a pedantic snoozefest.

[James Ruley · Rating 4 out of 5]

This short work by Luther, addressed to the German nobility, addresses steps that the “German nation” should take in response to the abuses of the Catholic Church. The first section of this book details abuses of the church, while the second suggests ways of reforming those abuses. Practical, and relatively entertaining for a work by Luther, this work provides a solid glimpse into his mental state in 1520.

[Thordur · Rating 5 out of 5]

Hér finnur maður Martein Lúther æstan með alveg ótrúlega skrautlegu orðavali hvar Páfinn í Róm fær það alveg gjörsamlega óþvegið, sem og allir kardínálar og prelátar.

Fyrir hvern sem er sem hefur á annað borð áhuga á guðfræði, ellegar hefur lokið einhverju prófi í henni þá er þetta alveg kjörið lesefni og stórskemmtilegt.

Textinn sem maður er að lesa hérna er góður, enginn meinbugur á honum, engar stafsetningarvillur eða léleg íslenska, og ekki sjáanlegt að hann sé þýddur.

[Andy Febrico Bintoro · Rating 4 out of 5]

Reformation priesthood

The book was semi political, for this book written in the Era of Reformation of church. The content was more on priesthood and its connections with the countries which pro with catholicism.

[Arlomisty · Rating 5 out of 5]

Excellent!!

[Kolter Sands · Rating 5 out of 5]

Luther writes very well here.

[Kevin Lara · Rating 4 out of 5]

I found in this treatise a great gateway, although limited, into Luther's mind and thinking and eve feelings for his nation. He addresses to the nobility of the nation and all o the ills that have come upon them from falling into the hands of Rome. His passion is seen in his words, sometimes made me feel what I thought he was feeling as he penned them.

Although there is a great deal of theological discussion and exegetical, there is also a great deal of politics and economics. I was astonished by the power of persuasion in Luther's words. He truly was a brilliant mind. But he was also humble to recognize that in some areas other people might be more qualified than him to speak, which he mentioned several times.

If yo are interested in history and the life of Luther, this will help you a great deal.

[Carlyn Cole · Rating 4 out of 5]

Obviously written in a different time and place, yet the admonitions ring clear. A great read on how to address current issues with the insight of Scripture.

[Bookshark · Rating 3 out of 5]

It's probably no surprise that I enjoyed this more than reading Augustine or Aquinas; you can really see some of the radical elements that will come to shake the Western world in this text. There were a few things I learned about Luther's ideas from this text that were new to me. For instance, this call for the princes to oppose the church and call a new council is clearly contrary to everything I've been told about how Luther only wanted to "reform" the Church. True, the reformation he is calling for is not a call for schism, but it also demands far more than mere reform. What it actually calls for is the abolishment of the Roman Catholic Church, the dethroning or even killing of the Pope, the re-founding of a new church in its place with a new internal organization and set of rules, and a new relationship between political and religious authority (including subjecting church officials to criminal sanction when they violate the law, up to and including the Pope). To say that he sought only "reformation" gives him scant cover when he's saying the Pope is the anti-Christ, commenting on killing 20 Popes being better than their own lives of unrepentant open sin, and calling for the German nobility and all of the "heretical" sects to unite to take a stand against the "tyrannical" Church economically and militarily. Moreover, I didn't realize how fundamental priestly chastity was to the property relations of the Church, and thus how radical Luther's call for allowing priests to marry really was. Finally, I didn't realize how deeply embedded the ideas of spiritual freedom, self-determination, and even democracy were in his thought. It's one thing to affirm the priesthood of all believers over the interpretive supremacy over the Church, which clearly challenges only Church authority; but he also calls for the right to defy any power, papal or imperial, actively rather than just passively. There are clear political implications to his affirmation of our God-given liberties and right to resist tyranny, and even if he doesn't explicitly draw them out, I can certainly see how this presages later thinkers and why the German nobility might be concerned by some aspects of his work even if they were pleased by other aspects. On that note, it seemed a little imprudent to criticize the nobility if his goal was to actually win them over, but I suppose he couldn't let that go as a man of principle standing against the political realists of his day.

[Robert Tessmer · Rating 4 out of 5]

Interesting historical work. The book helped me to "get into the mind" of Luther and try to understand the world he live in and the goals he had in mind. It is a short read and I found it very easy to understand.

The year 1520 saw the publication of the three great documents which laid down the fundamental principles of the Reformation. In the "Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation," Luther attacked the corruptions of the Church and the abuses of its authority, and asserted the right of the layman to spiritual independence.

[Scott Harris · Rating 3 out of 5]

Reading Martin Luther's works is always an insightful exercise, both into the mind of this historical giant and into the evolution of the social, ecclesiological and theogical thinking that was occurring in the 16th century. His thoughts on the marriage of the clergy which dominate the second half of this volume are intriguing and remind readers of the force of emotion that accompanied such issues throughout history.

[Eli · Rating 4 out of 5]

For anyone interested in Reformation history, this is a must read. Luther is a bit too political for my liking, though hearing him talk about his nations political situation is fascinating. The first chapter on the three walls of Romanism is timeless and classic. I cheered!

[Cody Smith · Rating 2 out of 5]

Didactic and simple. His hyperbole and melodrama, though, were extremely entertaining. If you are thinking of reading this, a drinking game would be to take a drink every time Luther calls the pope the Antichrist. I had to read this book for class.

[Tim · Rating 5 out of 5]

This book needs to be read by ministers, political, and academic leaders alike. There is much to be learned from this writing that befits our current generation across religious, governmental, academic and economic parameters.

[Dan · Rating 5 out of 5]

I love Martin's easy to understand metaphors and analogies. He blows the pope in context out of the water here. Also, you can see how MLK was inspired by him simply by reading this theology. Empowering.

[Priyanka · Rating 2 out of 5]

A great read if you are interested in theology. This book opens a number of discussions. As a Catholic, I have many differing opinions from Luther but I still appreciate this book due to its significance in the rise of Protestantism in the early 15th century.

[Jeremy · Rating 4 out of 5]

Didn't read this edition; I have my own PDF. Read again for prelims on March 4-5, 2015.

[Mike · Rating 5 out of 5]

In this book I think you can see the nucleus of the most important ideas of human freedom in the modern world; I think it's likely that the "priesthood of all believers," "sola Scriptura," and the idea that individuals could interpret Scripture by the grace of the Holy Spirit manifested politically as the idea of enfranchised individuals choosing leaders from among themselves under constitutional governments.