This book is designed to serve as a learning resource for these two core courses. Key This book is designed to serve as a learning resource for the two core courses, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering taken by all civil engineering students. Additionally, the book includes the most recent developments in the field making it truly exceptional. About the Manoj Datta Professor Datta is a professor of civil engineering at IIT Delhi and currently the Dean of alumni Affairs and International Programmes. He obtained his bachelors and Doctorate Degrees from IIT Delhi. His areas of specialization include site investigations; soil testing; and design of onshore and offshore foundations, of embankments & dams, of landfills & solid waste disposal facilities,of embankments & dams, of landfills & solid waste disposal facilities, of ash ponds & mine tailings ponds, of anchoring systems in soft marine clays, and of dewatering systems. He has prepared a number of audio-visual programmes on geotechnical construction processes. S Gulhati Professor Gulhati retired recently from IIT Delhi after a distinguished career in teaching, researching, consulting and managing spanning four decades. He served on the editorial Board of the International "Marine Geotechnology" He was president of indian geotechnical society(1986-87); in 1996, the society elected him an Honory fellow. He is a receipent of the Kuekelman Award for outstanding Contribution to Geotechnical Engineering. He was the Organizing Secretary General of the 13th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and foundation Engineering in 1994 Table of PART- I MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION Chapter 1. Origin and Classification of Soils