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Interpreting Apocalyptic Literature: An Exegetical Handbook
"An appreciation for the rich diversity of literary genres in Scripture is one of the positive features of evangelical scholarship in recent decades."—David M. Howard Jr., series editor
At one time, Old Testament apocalyptic literature was relegated to the more obscure reaches of biblical scholarship, acceptable to occasionally refer to, but too thorny to delve into deeply. However, in recent decades it has moved to the forefront of research. The rich veins of insight to be mined in the book of Daniel and other apocalyptic texts are being rediscovered. Richard A. Taylor has crafted a handbook to explore those riches and uncover a way to understand apocalyptic literature more fully.
Taylor begins with a helpful introduction to the genre; surveys the purpose, message, and primary themes of Old Testament apocalyptic literature; and then discusses critical questions and key works for further study. He also provides guidelines for interpreting apocalyptic texts, followed by Old Testament passages that serve to illustrate those guidelines.
While primarily written for pastors and graduate students, Interpreting Apocalyptic Literature is nonetheless accessible to those who simply want to study the texts more deeply than previously possible.
At one time, Old Testament apocalyptic literature was relegated to the more obscure reaches of biblical scholarship, acceptable to occasionally refer to, but too thorny to delve into deeply. However, in recent decades it has moved to the forefront of research. The rich veins of insight to be mined in the book of Daniel and other apocalyptic texts are being rediscovered. Richard A. Taylor has crafted a handbook to explore those riches and uncover a way to understand apocalyptic literature more fully.
Taylor begins with a helpful introduction to the genre; surveys the purpose, message, and primary themes of Old Testament apocalyptic literature; and then discusses critical questions and key works for further study. He also provides guidelines for interpreting apocalyptic texts, followed by Old Testament passages that serve to illustrate those guidelines.
While primarily written for pastors and graduate students, Interpreting Apocalyptic Literature is nonetheless accessible to those who simply want to study the texts more deeply than previously possible.
206 pages, Paperback
Published July 27, 2016
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February 8, 2017
This book is the latest release of Kregel’s helpful “Handbook for Old Testament Exegesis” series, edited by David Howard. It tackles what is, perhaps, the most difficult genre in the Bible—Apocalyptic Literature. Though the volumes in this series are designed for graduate-level courses, this volume by Richard A. Taylor is accessible and reads well.
Chapter 1 sets the stage by carefully answering the question, what is apocalyptic literature. That chapter begins by explaining the importance of genre in exegeting the Old Testament. He also relates well that which most surprises the student as he reads – scholars have trouble even agreeing on what the definition of apocalyptic literature is. Taylor does give us a definition on page 33, but its paragraph length shows the difficulty of definition here. He also defines the kind of apocalyptic literature types that we may encounter in the Old Testament. Perhaps, like me, you don’t see a lot of “ex eventu” prophecy in the Old Testament as he does.
The next chapter is quite helpful as it surveys the places in the Old Testament that you encounter apocalyptic literature. He also discusses a great deal other extrabiblical Jewish apocalyptic texts. I personally find those texts to be of much less value in understanding true Old Testament apocalyptic texts than modern scholars, but every such book is bound to discuss those spurious texts.
There’s much help for the preacher in carefully defining types of figurative language you might encounter. Clearly, that type of language cannot be explained in the same manner as we do with narrative texts. From there, he goes on to explain the process of interpreting apocalyptic literature.
Along the way, you will find words well-defined, lists of other books you might need for exegesis, and examples of his method on specific Old Testament texts. In addition, there’s a very helpful glossary at the end of the book. The appendix on antecedents of apocalyptic literature would be far less help to most preachers.
Because he covers his subject in about 200 pages, this is probably the perfect book to have on the subject. Some folks might be satisfied with the apocalyptic literature chapter in a regular hermeneutic volume, but if you want more, this is the book for you.
I received this book free from the publisher. I was not required to write a positive review. The opinions I have expressed are my own. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255.
Chapter 1 sets the stage by carefully answering the question, what is apocalyptic literature. That chapter begins by explaining the importance of genre in exegeting the Old Testament. He also relates well that which most surprises the student as he reads – scholars have trouble even agreeing on what the definition of apocalyptic literature is. Taylor does give us a definition on page 33, but its paragraph length shows the difficulty of definition here. He also defines the kind of apocalyptic literature types that we may encounter in the Old Testament. Perhaps, like me, you don’t see a lot of “ex eventu” prophecy in the Old Testament as he does.
The next chapter is quite helpful as it surveys the places in the Old Testament that you encounter apocalyptic literature. He also discusses a great deal other extrabiblical Jewish apocalyptic texts. I personally find those texts to be of much less value in understanding true Old Testament apocalyptic texts than modern scholars, but every such book is bound to discuss those spurious texts.
There’s much help for the preacher in carefully defining types of figurative language you might encounter. Clearly, that type of language cannot be explained in the same manner as we do with narrative texts. From there, he goes on to explain the process of interpreting apocalyptic literature.
Along the way, you will find words well-defined, lists of other books you might need for exegesis, and examples of his method on specific Old Testament texts. In addition, there’s a very helpful glossary at the end of the book. The appendix on antecedents of apocalyptic literature would be far less help to most preachers.
Because he covers his subject in about 200 pages, this is probably the perfect book to have on the subject. Some folks might be satisfied with the apocalyptic literature chapter in a regular hermeneutic volume, but if you want more, this is the book for you.
I received this book free from the publisher. I was not required to write a positive review. The opinions I have expressed are my own. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255.
September 17, 2024
Richard Taylor offers a very balanced and easy to understand book about how to interpret apocalyptic literature. I found this book to be quite helpful with lots of background information to add context to the topic; however, his recommendation to work with the original languages will be troublesome for many. Taylor begins his book detailing the reasons behind the relatively recent interest of apocalyptic literature as well as its historical context. Taylor goes on to describe the more specific context of apocalyptic literature during the intertestamental period starting with several extrabiblical texts, such as the book of Enoch, the Testament of Levi and the Apocalypse of Abraham, among others.
In chapter two, he discusses six features that are common in apocalyptic literature: 1) that such texts use written communication instead of oral transmission like so many of the biblical apocalypses; 2) these texts reveal hidden truths that were previously unknown to anyone; 3) the use of dreams and visions by God or angels; 4) the attribution to ancient historical figures as the main characters or authors; 5) similar to its “revelatory content” (#2) is its emphasis on hidden truths and secrecy; and finally 6) its use of symbolism to veil its messages (page 98).
In connection to these six features, Taylor details seven common themes among apocalyptic texts: 1) The more detailed description of angels compared to that of biblical texts; 2) the description of good versus evil and that good will triumph; 3) the view that God is sovereign and in control regardless of how things look here on earth; 4) like biblical apocalypses, the expectation that God will bring about catastrophe in the very near future; 5) the knowledge that most people will choose evil over righteousness, thus leaving only a remnant of people to experience God’s ultimate blessings; 6) similarly, God’s imminent judgment of evil and rescue of the righteous; and 7) a future hope in the end times.
In chapter three, Taylor describes different types of figurative language. The most common of these types are simile (comparing two things using ‘like’ or ‘as’), metaphor (comparing two things without the use of ‘like’ or ‘as’), metonymy (using a word to represent something else), hypocatastasis (using a word to represent something else without mentioning the other thing), and synecdoche (exaggerating an idea, particularly by use of the word ‘all’). Near the end of the chapter, Taylor gives a few examples of poor interpretation regarding apocalypses. In both situations, Taylor says, “The common denominator for many of these explanations is that they failed to materialize in the way their advocates claimed would happen” (page 115). At the end of the chapter, Taylor offers a lot of additional resources to help students of apocalyptic literature, such as online Bible programs, lexicons, Hebrew/Aramaic grammar books, among many others.
In chapter four, Taylor finally gets into the nuts-and-bolts of interpretation. He pushes back a bit on the doctrine of perspicuity, in that, not all of Scripture is clear and easily understandable. And this is why we need guidance on how to properly interpret the Bible, particularly, apocalyptic texts. He holds to the idea that historical context and grammatical context are very important to interpretation, and, in fact, one cannot adequately understand the text without them (page 145). Taylor offers several “interpretive clues” to help us identify figurative language. Noticing these many clues helps us when deciding what is meant to be literal and what should be understood as figurative. He reminds us of the many limits of figurative language, in that it is meant to make a point, not to be taken literally. So, we must be cautious not to dissect every vision and dream, trying to find meaning where it doesn’t exist. From this idea, Taylor introduces us to “exegesis” versus the pitfall of “eisegesis.”
Chapter five introduces the importance of the proclamation of apocalyptic literature. Taylor maintains, and I agree, that this genre “lie[s] at the very heart of the Christian message” (page 161). He offers several helpful ideas and strategies of how to “bridge” the gap from text to target audience. This chapter deals with the public preaching of such texts and how to make it relevant to lay people.
In the final chapter, Taylor provides two very different biblical texts as examples for us to apply everything he has discussed. He outlines both Daniel 8 and Joel 2, providing exegetical as well as homiletical outlines of both. Taylor also addresses various interpretations of difficult passages within each pericope.
Taylor provided a very useful book for beginner expositors as well as advanced students. He certainly assumes a high degree of academic research on the part of the reader and presupposes a high-level understanding of ancient languages. I contend that this is certainly helpful, but not necessary. But aside from that, I appreciate how Taylor broke down several key considerations that all contribute to the better understanding of apocalyptic literature and gave me many new things to think about. I intend to revisit this book many times in my journey to better understand and interpret the Word of God.
In chapter two, he discusses six features that are common in apocalyptic literature: 1) that such texts use written communication instead of oral transmission like so many of the biblical apocalypses; 2) these texts reveal hidden truths that were previously unknown to anyone; 3) the use of dreams and visions by God or angels; 4) the attribution to ancient historical figures as the main characters or authors; 5) similar to its “revelatory content” (#2) is its emphasis on hidden truths and secrecy; and finally 6) its use of symbolism to veil its messages (page 98).
In connection to these six features, Taylor details seven common themes among apocalyptic texts: 1) The more detailed description of angels compared to that of biblical texts; 2) the description of good versus evil and that good will triumph; 3) the view that God is sovereign and in control regardless of how things look here on earth; 4) like biblical apocalypses, the expectation that God will bring about catastrophe in the very near future; 5) the knowledge that most people will choose evil over righteousness, thus leaving only a remnant of people to experience God’s ultimate blessings; 6) similarly, God’s imminent judgment of evil and rescue of the righteous; and 7) a future hope in the end times.
In chapter three, Taylor describes different types of figurative language. The most common of these types are simile (comparing two things using ‘like’ or ‘as’), metaphor (comparing two things without the use of ‘like’ or ‘as’), metonymy (using a word to represent something else), hypocatastasis (using a word to represent something else without mentioning the other thing), and synecdoche (exaggerating an idea, particularly by use of the word ‘all’). Near the end of the chapter, Taylor gives a few examples of poor interpretation regarding apocalypses. In both situations, Taylor says, “The common denominator for many of these explanations is that they failed to materialize in the way their advocates claimed would happen” (page 115). At the end of the chapter, Taylor offers a lot of additional resources to help students of apocalyptic literature, such as online Bible programs, lexicons, Hebrew/Aramaic grammar books, among many others.
In chapter four, Taylor finally gets into the nuts-and-bolts of interpretation. He pushes back a bit on the doctrine of perspicuity, in that, not all of Scripture is clear and easily understandable. And this is why we need guidance on how to properly interpret the Bible, particularly, apocalyptic texts. He holds to the idea that historical context and grammatical context are very important to interpretation, and, in fact, one cannot adequately understand the text without them (page 145). Taylor offers several “interpretive clues” to help us identify figurative language. Noticing these many clues helps us when deciding what is meant to be literal and what should be understood as figurative. He reminds us of the many limits of figurative language, in that it is meant to make a point, not to be taken literally. So, we must be cautious not to dissect every vision and dream, trying to find meaning where it doesn’t exist. From this idea, Taylor introduces us to “exegesis” versus the pitfall of “eisegesis.”
Chapter five introduces the importance of the proclamation of apocalyptic literature. Taylor maintains, and I agree, that this genre “lie[s] at the very heart of the Christian message” (page 161). He offers several helpful ideas and strategies of how to “bridge” the gap from text to target audience. This chapter deals with the public preaching of such texts and how to make it relevant to lay people.
In the final chapter, Taylor provides two very different biblical texts as examples for us to apply everything he has discussed. He outlines both Daniel 8 and Joel 2, providing exegetical as well as homiletical outlines of both. Taylor also addresses various interpretations of difficult passages within each pericope.
Taylor provided a very useful book for beginner expositors as well as advanced students. He certainly assumes a high degree of academic research on the part of the reader and presupposes a high-level understanding of ancient languages. I contend that this is certainly helpful, but not necessary. But aside from that, I appreciate how Taylor broke down several key considerations that all contribute to the better understanding of apocalyptic literature and gave me many new things to think about. I intend to revisit this book many times in my journey to better understand and interpret the Word of God.
February 18, 2017
When the term apocalyptic literature is used, most are likely drawn to thinking about books in Scripture such as Revelation or perhaps the ending chapters of Matthew where Jesus described the time of the end. While both are indeed apocalyptic, what is often forgotten is the plethora and rich literature of this genre found in the Old Testament. Dr. Richard Taylor in his book Interpreting Apocalyptic Literature: An Exegetical Handbook takes a helpful look through Daniel, the OT Prophets, and extra-biblical texts, exploring the overall genre and providing the reader how to read, understand, and most importantly, apply these important texts.
Taylor saliently notes how the very term apocalyptic is somewhat difficult to define. Is it an actual genre or merely a term that can be used to described sections of Scripture that speak on issues of judgment and eternal matters? To help push through the fog of confusion regarding the term itself, Taylor works through the various terms associated with this type of literature such as apocalypse, apocalypticism, apocalyptic literature, apocalyptic eschatology, apocalyptic discourse, and proto-apocalyptic. I found Taylor’s efforts to define and set the stage for further discussion well-written and helpful for without this important foundation, actual engagement of the relevant texts would be difficult at best.
After providing the aforementioned foundation, Taylor then begins exploring the major themes found in apocalyptic literature, specifically those located in the book of Daniel, the OT Prophets, and Extra-Biblical Jewish Apocalyptic texts. The latter source of material may seem out of place; however, studying the extra-bibical writings of the period should not be ignored and thankfully Taylor has taken the time to look through, albeit rather briefly, texts such as the book of Enoch and Jubilees. While not part of the canon, those books nevertheless are important reads as after all, canonical books such as Jude make reference to them in relation to matters of apocalyptic importance.
Before one can actually engage these texts, it is necessary to be fully prepared for what you will find and the type of language used such as similes, metaphors, metonomy, hypocatastasis, and synecdoche. While some of these are certainly what can be labeled as million dollar theological terms, Taylor does an excellent job of explaining and providing examples of how they work in context. Without a proper grasp of how and why such types of language are used in apocalyptic literature, one can fall prey to the dangerous ground of faulty interpretations and wild speculations that unfortunately so often surround efforts geared at understanding this genre.
To help the reader, Taylor provides a great list of resources on matters such as understanding biblical languages, bible study software, lexical and grammatical guides, and primary source material. To be honest, many of these resources should not be found solely in the libraries of those in seminary. Even the average laymen should take note and use these tools, especially when studying apocalyptic literature.
Finally, after properly preparing the reader with outstanding foundational information, he engages how to interpret this genre and importantly, how to proclaim the gospel message found within its pages. It is one thing to study and absorb what God has revealed in the apocalyptic genre. It is quite another thing to take that message, properly understand it, and then proclaim its message to a world that will be impacted by the events its describes. Taylor does an excellent job of showing ways to weave the message of this genre into our gospel proclamation.
Confused and frustrated by the apocalyptic genre? Are the books of Daniel and Revelation something that frighten you? Are you more apt to let someone else tell you what to think about this genre rather than investigating it for yourself? If any of those or other issues have kept you from studying this topic, I highly encourage you to read Dr. Taylor’s book. It is scholarly yet accessible and it will go a long way to helping the mystery of the apocalyptic genre become more understandable.
I received this book for free from Kregel Academic and the opinions I have expressed are my own. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255 : “Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising.”
Taylor saliently notes how the very term apocalyptic is somewhat difficult to define. Is it an actual genre or merely a term that can be used to described sections of Scripture that speak on issues of judgment and eternal matters? To help push through the fog of confusion regarding the term itself, Taylor works through the various terms associated with this type of literature such as apocalypse, apocalypticism, apocalyptic literature, apocalyptic eschatology, apocalyptic discourse, and proto-apocalyptic. I found Taylor’s efforts to define and set the stage for further discussion well-written and helpful for without this important foundation, actual engagement of the relevant texts would be difficult at best.
After providing the aforementioned foundation, Taylor then begins exploring the major themes found in apocalyptic literature, specifically those located in the book of Daniel, the OT Prophets, and Extra-Biblical Jewish Apocalyptic texts. The latter source of material may seem out of place; however, studying the extra-bibical writings of the period should not be ignored and thankfully Taylor has taken the time to look through, albeit rather briefly, texts such as the book of Enoch and Jubilees. While not part of the canon, those books nevertheless are important reads as after all, canonical books such as Jude make reference to them in relation to matters of apocalyptic importance.
Before one can actually engage these texts, it is necessary to be fully prepared for what you will find and the type of language used such as similes, metaphors, metonomy, hypocatastasis, and synecdoche. While some of these are certainly what can be labeled as million dollar theological terms, Taylor does an excellent job of explaining and providing examples of how they work in context. Without a proper grasp of how and why such types of language are used in apocalyptic literature, one can fall prey to the dangerous ground of faulty interpretations and wild speculations that unfortunately so often surround efforts geared at understanding this genre.
To help the reader, Taylor provides a great list of resources on matters such as understanding biblical languages, bible study software, lexical and grammatical guides, and primary source material. To be honest, many of these resources should not be found solely in the libraries of those in seminary. Even the average laymen should take note and use these tools, especially when studying apocalyptic literature.
Finally, after properly preparing the reader with outstanding foundational information, he engages how to interpret this genre and importantly, how to proclaim the gospel message found within its pages. It is one thing to study and absorb what God has revealed in the apocalyptic genre. It is quite another thing to take that message, properly understand it, and then proclaim its message to a world that will be impacted by the events its describes. Taylor does an excellent job of showing ways to weave the message of this genre into our gospel proclamation.
Confused and frustrated by the apocalyptic genre? Are the books of Daniel and Revelation something that frighten you? Are you more apt to let someone else tell you what to think about this genre rather than investigating it for yourself? If any of those or other issues have kept you from studying this topic, I highly encourage you to read Dr. Taylor’s book. It is scholarly yet accessible and it will go a long way to helping the mystery of the apocalyptic genre become more understandable.
I received this book for free from Kregel Academic and the opinions I have expressed are my own. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255 : “Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising.”
March 9, 2017
This book is part of the Handbooks for Old Testament Exegesis series published by Kregel Publications. Previously I have enjoyed the work on interpreting Old Testament historical books by Robert Chisholm very much and was looking forward to this volume largely because of it. I was also excited for this volume since Apocalytpic literary forms is one of the hardest to interpret in the Old Testament and as a preacher it would be helpful to think through critically and be equipped in handling passages of Scripture like the book of Daniel.
The book is divided into six chapters. The first chapter focuses on what is apocalyptic literature. The second chapter is on the major themes of the apocalyptic literatures while the third chapter is on the preparing for interpretation. Chapter four is titled “apocalyptic literatures,” chapter five is “proclaiming apocalyptic literatures” and chapter six is “Sample Texts from Apocalyptic Literatures” in which the author gives us exposition from two passages, the first being Daniel 8 and the second being Joel 2:28-32. The book also has an appendix in which the author Richard Taylor discussed the roots of apocalyptic literatures; of course there’s no scholarly consensus but Taylor does a masterful job here of presenting the various views with their strengths and weaknesses.
The author informs the reader of the difficulties of defining this genre and spells out the various factors that makes it challenging to define it. I thought chapter one did a good job of making the readers take a big picture perspective on apocalyptic literatures when he distinguished apocalypse, apocalypticism, apocalyptic literature, etc. It was helpful also for me to see Richard Taylor mentioned proto-Apocalyptic literature, which are writings that are similar to Jewish apocalyptic literature typically before the literary form was fully developed in Old Testament revelation.
The longest portion of the book was chapter two in which the author surveyed and summarized apocalyptic literatures found both in the Old Testament and extrabiblical works. I found the survey of extrabiblical Jewish texts to have been the most fascinating since a lot of the works I was not familiar with (Apocalypse of Abraham, Second Baruch, etc) or were works I have heard of but did not know much about (Testament of Moses and Book of Enoch). Taylor also summarized the major themes that cross over in most of the apocalyptic literatures whether biblical or extrabiblical.
For the most part I felt that the chapters on preparing for interpreting apocalyptic literatures and interpreting apocalyptic literatures covered much hermeneutical principles that are probably already familiar to those who are serious exegetes and expositors of the Bible. Much of the principles are true for other genres as well (prophecy, certain narratives, etc). The same is true concerning how to proclaim the text. However one thing I did appreciate in these chapters is the fact that the authors recommended certain works and commentaries on books of the Bible with apocalyptic literatures. I really enjoyed the little blurb the author gives concerning various resources. That was very helpful and makes this a book that’s worth having around in one’s library after reading it as a reference.
Overall a helpful work to read especially for those who are new to apocalyptic literatures for the first time. This work is ideal for seminarians who are studying to be exegetes. While this book does not go over technical points of Hebrew grammar and syntax, yet it assumes that the readers will receive training in the languages (or for the lay readers, at least see its importance). I do recommend this work. I also think this work is helpful for Christians no matter what their particular eschatology is. While the author is a professor at a famous Dispensational seminary, you don’t really get dispensationalism or premillennialism being pushed in this work.
NOTE: This book was provided to me free by Kregel Publications without any obligation for a positive review. All opinions offered above are mine unless otherwise stated or implied.
The book is divided into six chapters. The first chapter focuses on what is apocalyptic literature. The second chapter is on the major themes of the apocalyptic literatures while the third chapter is on the preparing for interpretation. Chapter four is titled “apocalyptic literatures,” chapter five is “proclaiming apocalyptic literatures” and chapter six is “Sample Texts from Apocalyptic Literatures” in which the author gives us exposition from two passages, the first being Daniel 8 and the second being Joel 2:28-32. The book also has an appendix in which the author Richard Taylor discussed the roots of apocalyptic literatures; of course there’s no scholarly consensus but Taylor does a masterful job here of presenting the various views with their strengths and weaknesses.
The author informs the reader of the difficulties of defining this genre and spells out the various factors that makes it challenging to define it. I thought chapter one did a good job of making the readers take a big picture perspective on apocalyptic literatures when he distinguished apocalypse, apocalypticism, apocalyptic literature, etc. It was helpful also for me to see Richard Taylor mentioned proto-Apocalyptic literature, which are writings that are similar to Jewish apocalyptic literature typically before the literary form was fully developed in Old Testament revelation.
The longest portion of the book was chapter two in which the author surveyed and summarized apocalyptic literatures found both in the Old Testament and extrabiblical works. I found the survey of extrabiblical Jewish texts to have been the most fascinating since a lot of the works I was not familiar with (Apocalypse of Abraham, Second Baruch, etc) or were works I have heard of but did not know much about (Testament of Moses and Book of Enoch). Taylor also summarized the major themes that cross over in most of the apocalyptic literatures whether biblical or extrabiblical.
For the most part I felt that the chapters on preparing for interpreting apocalyptic literatures and interpreting apocalyptic literatures covered much hermeneutical principles that are probably already familiar to those who are serious exegetes and expositors of the Bible. Much of the principles are true for other genres as well (prophecy, certain narratives, etc). The same is true concerning how to proclaim the text. However one thing I did appreciate in these chapters is the fact that the authors recommended certain works and commentaries on books of the Bible with apocalyptic literatures. I really enjoyed the little blurb the author gives concerning various resources. That was very helpful and makes this a book that’s worth having around in one’s library after reading it as a reference.
Overall a helpful work to read especially for those who are new to apocalyptic literatures for the first time. This work is ideal for seminarians who are studying to be exegetes. While this book does not go over technical points of Hebrew grammar and syntax, yet it assumes that the readers will receive training in the languages (or for the lay readers, at least see its importance). I do recommend this work. I also think this work is helpful for Christians no matter what their particular eschatology is. While the author is a professor at a famous Dispensational seminary, you don’t really get dispensationalism or premillennialism being pushed in this work.
NOTE: This book was provided to me free by Kregel Publications without any obligation for a positive review. All opinions offered above are mine unless otherwise stated or implied.
March 20, 2017
Who is the author?
Richard A. Taylor is senior professor of Old Testament studies at Dallas Theological Seminary. Taylor's previous publications include Haggai and Malachi in the New American Commentary series David M. Howard, Jr. (Ph.D. University of Michigan) is Professor of Old Testament at Bethel Seminary in St. Paul, MN. He has published seven books and numerous journal articles, book chapters, and essays, and is a past president of the Evangelical Theological Society.
What is this book about?
The author talk about: a) What is Apocalyptic Literature? b) Major Themes in Apocalyptic Literature c) Preparing for interpretation of Apocalyptic Literature, d)Interpreting Apocalyptic Literature, e) Proclaiming Apocalyptic Literature, f) Some samples from Apocalyptic Literature. Taylor offers an appendix looking at various theories of the origins of biblical apocalyptic literature.
My opinion on this book.
Its a basic introduction to apocalyptic literature Which is useful for all students of the scriptures. Bible scholars and seminary students will find in this book a solid foundation for their studies. The book has a large bibliography for advanced studies.
Richard A. Taylor is senior professor of Old Testament studies at Dallas Theological Seminary. Taylor's previous publications include Haggai and Malachi in the New American Commentary series David M. Howard, Jr. (Ph.D. University of Michigan) is Professor of Old Testament at Bethel Seminary in St. Paul, MN. He has published seven books and numerous journal articles, book chapters, and essays, and is a past president of the Evangelical Theological Society.
What is this book about?
The author talk about: a) What is Apocalyptic Literature? b) Major Themes in Apocalyptic Literature c) Preparing for interpretation of Apocalyptic Literature, d)Interpreting Apocalyptic Literature, e) Proclaiming Apocalyptic Literature, f) Some samples from Apocalyptic Literature. Taylor offers an appendix looking at various theories of the origins of biblical apocalyptic literature.
My opinion on this book.
Its a basic introduction to apocalyptic literature Which is useful for all students of the scriptures. Bible scholars and seminary students will find in this book a solid foundation for their studies. The book has a large bibliography for advanced studies.
May 28, 2026
Habe schon mehrere Bände aus der Reihe gelesen, u. a. den zur Offenbarung. Dieser Band beschäftigt sich mit der alttestamentlichen apokalyptischen Literatur. Gibt einen guten Einblick in die Literaturgattung und die entsprechenden Bücher bzw. Passagen aus dem AT und stellt die Werkzeuge vor, die es zur Auslegung der Texte braucht. Zum Ende hin werden exemplarisch zwei Textpassagen aus Daniel 8 bzw. Joel 2 (in deutschsprachigen Bibeln wäre es Joel 3) vor. Der Autor erwähnt immer wieder, dass es für die Auslegung wichtig ist, den Grundtext gründlich zu studieren, aber auch ohne Kenntnisse der Sprachen kann man stark davon profitieren. Macht Mut auch schwierige Passagen der Bibel auszulegen und zu predigen.
February 14, 2017
Too many failed theories that look to current events as fulfillment of prophecy should lead us to our obvious need for clear and informed exegesis of apocalyptic literature. I believe this book will help fill that need. Whether you desire to become more familiar with Old Testament apocalyptic literature on your own or in a classroom setting this text is a good choice and will provide you with the knowledge and skills to approach the scripture with confidence.
I would say that the target audience is upper level students of scripture that have had at least some exposure to biblical languages, but it is not required to gain a wealth of information for moving forward in interpretation. The author liberally shares helpful references for further study. It is assumed however, that the serious student will progress in biblical languages.
The structure of the book is straightforward and progresses in a logical and easily digestible manner. Don’t be unimpressed at it’s small size. In only six chapters of two hundred pages this little book packs a huge punch.
Chapter one answers the question “What is Apocalyptic Literature?” This was a challenging chapter for me because it is concerned with definitions that I thought I already understood. I had much to learn and reflect on. How can one be sure that what you are looking at should be labeled apocalyptic? “… it may be helpful to think of apocalyptic literature as a continuum, with some texts further along in their utilization of apocalyptic features than other works … Such variation contributes to the difficulty in defining what is meant by the term apocalyptic.” (p. 30)
Chapter two builds on the definitions given previously and answers the question “What are the major themes in apocalyptic literature?” This chapter introduces a wide range of apocalyptic literature from the Old Testament, intertestamental Jewish literature, and the Dead Sea scrolls. Each theme discussed offers examples from a wide range of apocalyptic literature. Chapter three “Preparing for Interpretation” is very engaging, after looking at the different types of figurative language you are given tools and introduced to approximately fourteen pages of resources that range from Textual / Grammatical resources and Bible software to pseudepigraphical literature. Although there is no bibliography in the back of the book, these pages as well as the generous footnotes throughout more than make up for that lack. This was perhaps my favorite chapter, a practical tool belt to fasten your study of the text.
Chapter four offers guidelines for interpretation as well as practical help to avoiding common pitfalls. Perhaps the two that I appreciated most are: the need for “a humility that admits the limits of our knowledge and refuses to go beyond the clear data of the text” (p.128) and the discipline to restrain oneself from making arbitrary or fanciful timetables for Christ’s return. It is right to anticipate the Lord’s return but when it shall occur is unknowable. (cf. Acts1:17)
Chapter five walks us through helpful disciplines and offering practical guidelines for preaching apocalyptic literature. Making the apocalyptic relevant to modern hearers requires the ability to between the contexts of the ancient texts and the modern hearers. The author offers his own outlines of Daniel 7 as an example and leads the reader to how to accomplish this task on ones own. With pitfalls and problems discussed he moves from his exegetical outline to his homiletical outline. Chapter six allows you to practice with two more sections of apocalyptic literature, Daniel 8 and Joel 2. The author offers his outlines for each and five pages of reference material to assist in studying these sections. Lastly there is an appendix of material that covers the development of Jewish apocalyptic literature as well as a helpful glossary of terms that are used throughout the book.
This book widened my appreciation of Old Testament apocalyptic literature and the skills to rightly interpret it. I think anyone seeking to exegete with skill and humility will benefit from this work. I would like to thank Kregel Academic for sending me a complimentary copy of the book in exchange for an unbiased review.
I would say that the target audience is upper level students of scripture that have had at least some exposure to biblical languages, but it is not required to gain a wealth of information for moving forward in interpretation. The author liberally shares helpful references for further study. It is assumed however, that the serious student will progress in biblical languages.
The structure of the book is straightforward and progresses in a logical and easily digestible manner. Don’t be unimpressed at it’s small size. In only six chapters of two hundred pages this little book packs a huge punch.
Chapter one answers the question “What is Apocalyptic Literature?” This was a challenging chapter for me because it is concerned with definitions that I thought I already understood. I had much to learn and reflect on. How can one be sure that what you are looking at should be labeled apocalyptic? “… it may be helpful to think of apocalyptic literature as a continuum, with some texts further along in their utilization of apocalyptic features than other works … Such variation contributes to the difficulty in defining what is meant by the term apocalyptic.” (p. 30)
Chapter two builds on the definitions given previously and answers the question “What are the major themes in apocalyptic literature?” This chapter introduces a wide range of apocalyptic literature from the Old Testament, intertestamental Jewish literature, and the Dead Sea scrolls. Each theme discussed offers examples from a wide range of apocalyptic literature. Chapter three “Preparing for Interpretation” is very engaging, after looking at the different types of figurative language you are given tools and introduced to approximately fourteen pages of resources that range from Textual / Grammatical resources and Bible software to pseudepigraphical literature. Although there is no bibliography in the back of the book, these pages as well as the generous footnotes throughout more than make up for that lack. This was perhaps my favorite chapter, a practical tool belt to fasten your study of the text.
Chapter four offers guidelines for interpretation as well as practical help to avoiding common pitfalls. Perhaps the two that I appreciated most are: the need for “a humility that admits the limits of our knowledge and refuses to go beyond the clear data of the text” (p.128) and the discipline to restrain oneself from making arbitrary or fanciful timetables for Christ’s return. It is right to anticipate the Lord’s return but when it shall occur is unknowable. (cf. Acts1:17)
Chapter five walks us through helpful disciplines and offering practical guidelines for preaching apocalyptic literature. Making the apocalyptic relevant to modern hearers requires the ability to between the contexts of the ancient texts and the modern hearers. The author offers his own outlines of Daniel 7 as an example and leads the reader to how to accomplish this task on ones own. With pitfalls and problems discussed he moves from his exegetical outline to his homiletical outline. Chapter six allows you to practice with two more sections of apocalyptic literature, Daniel 8 and Joel 2. The author offers his outlines for each and five pages of reference material to assist in studying these sections. Lastly there is an appendix of material that covers the development of Jewish apocalyptic literature as well as a helpful glossary of terms that are used throughout the book.
This book widened my appreciation of Old Testament apocalyptic literature and the skills to rightly interpret it. I think anyone seeking to exegete with skill and humility will benefit from this work. I would like to thank Kregel Academic for sending me a complimentary copy of the book in exchange for an unbiased review.
February 9, 2017
See full review at https://eisdoxan.wordpress.com/2017/0...
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April 13, 2017Interpreting Apocalyptic Literature
Richard A. Taylor, Interpreting Apocalyptic Literature: An Exegetical Handbook
Kregel Publications, 2016, 205pp., ISBN 978-0-8254-2761-9.
Interpreting Apocalyptic Literature is sixth in the Handbooks For Old Testament Exegesis series by David M. Howard Jr. Taylor’s book is a step forward in the right direction for Old Testament exegesis. Avoiding the pitfall of assuming that all text should be interpreted in very same way Taylor opens the book by giving some foundational insight in to the type of literature the apocalyptic genre is. He writes,
The expression apocalyptic literature refers to a type of writing that adopts to a significant degree the outlook of apocalypticism and portrays those themes through a vivid use of symbolic language.
Taylor spends the entire first chapter explaining the foundation of apocalyptic literature, defining terms, and talking method for understanding apocalyptic literature. In so doing he has established a solid start point for the discussion. From here he explains seven major apocalyptic themes (chapter 2), basic guidelines for apocalyptic interpretation (chapter 4), teaching apocalyptic literature (chapter 5), and ends by providing sample apocalyptic texts (chapter 6).
Interpreting Apocalyptic literature is a well written and very necessary introduction to the topic of apocalyptic literature. At 205 pages it isn’t going to delve into every instance of apocalyptic literature found in the Bible. However the strengths in the volume is it’s easy to read style providing the pastor, seminarian, or laity with a solid resource for reading and understanding this particular genre.
RATING 4 out of 5
Disclosure of Material Connection: I received this book free from the publisher. I was not required to write a positive review. The opinions I have expressed are my own. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255 : “Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising.”
Richard A. Taylor, Interpreting Apocalyptic Literature: An Exegetical Handbook
Kregel Publications, 2016, 205pp., ISBN 978-0-8254-2761-9.
Interpreting Apocalyptic Literature is sixth in the Handbooks For Old Testament Exegesis series by David M. Howard Jr. Taylor’s book is a step forward in the right direction for Old Testament exegesis. Avoiding the pitfall of assuming that all text should be interpreted in very same way Taylor opens the book by giving some foundational insight in to the type of literature the apocalyptic genre is. He writes,
The expression apocalyptic literature refers to a type of writing that adopts to a significant degree the outlook of apocalypticism and portrays those themes through a vivid use of symbolic language.
Taylor spends the entire first chapter explaining the foundation of apocalyptic literature, defining terms, and talking method for understanding apocalyptic literature. In so doing he has established a solid start point for the discussion. From here he explains seven major apocalyptic themes (chapter 2), basic guidelines for apocalyptic interpretation (chapter 4), teaching apocalyptic literature (chapter 5), and ends by providing sample apocalyptic texts (chapter 6).
Interpreting Apocalyptic literature is a well written and very necessary introduction to the topic of apocalyptic literature. At 205 pages it isn’t going to delve into every instance of apocalyptic literature found in the Bible. However the strengths in the volume is it’s easy to read style providing the pastor, seminarian, or laity with a solid resource for reading and understanding this particular genre.
RATING 4 out of 5
Disclosure of Material Connection: I received this book free from the publisher. I was not required to write a positive review. The opinions I have expressed are my own. I am disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255 : “Guides Concerning the Use of Endorsements and Testimonials in Advertising.”
April 29, 2017
Evangelicals have a history of misinterpreting the apocalypse. Some of us mine the ancient texts for clues to our march toward destruction. Some of us throw up our hands and prefer to speak of the eschaton in general terms.
Kregel Academic has these helpful exegetical handbooks which walk pastors and students through a genre of Scripture with some suggestions for digging deep into the text—studying, interpreting and proclaiming. I have reviewed a previous volume of the Old Testament Exegetical Handbooks before in a related domain,(Interpreting the Prophetic Books, 2014). But Interpreting Apocalyptic Literature is different because there is no apocalypse section of the Old Testament but it is in parts of the prophetic books and extrabiblical literature. Richard Taylor highlights where apocalyptic appears in the Prophets (especially the latter half of Daniel and Joel but also passages in Isaiah, Ezekiel, Zechariah, Malachi) and other Apocalyptic literature (e.g. The Book of Enoch, Jubilees, 4th Ezra, 2nd Baruch, the Testament of Moses, etc).
Taylor is the senior professor of Old Testament at Bethel Seminary in Saint Paul, Minnesota. His research interests include Aramaic studies and Syriac literature. He is well acquainted with these texts and the thought world of the Ancient Near East.
As with the other Kregel handbooks, Taylor walks readers through the exegetical process necessary for understanding and teaching . Chapters one through three provide background, orienting us to apocalyptic literature. Chapter one discusses what apocalyptic is, what are its distinctives, and what we know and don’t know about the Jewish communities which produced it. Chapter two examines major apocalyptic themes in biblical and extrabiblical sources and discusses the characteristics of the literature in more detail (e.g. literary expression, revelatory content, dreams and visions, symbolism, pseudonymous authorship). We see in the apocalyptic literature a developed angelology, dualism, cataclysmic, Divine Judgment and eschatological hope. Chapter three discusses preparing for interpretation (such as understanding metaphor and knowing what linguistic resources and secondary literature are helpful).
Chapters four through six describe the exegetical process, and how to preach from these texts, respectively. Taylor focus is on helping exegetes come with the right orientation toward the text. So he helps us attend to the genre and metaphorical language, to look for interpretive clues and a focus on the macrostructure instead of minutia. He also warns us of the pitfalls of ignorance, misplaced certainty, our tendency to manipulate certain details (to make our current experience fit the text, or read the signs of the times)(128-131) In chapter five Taylor walks through an exegetical and homiletic outline for Daniel 7. The final chapter examines sample texts, Daniel 8 and Joel 2:28-3, discussing difficulties, structure, and application.
As with the Prophets volume, this book is great for students and working preachers. I have used the Kregel Prophets volume in my own personal study and in communicating about the text. This resource helpfully augments that. I give this book four stars.
Notice of material connection: I received a copy of this book from Kregel Academic in exchange for my honest review
Kregel Academic has these helpful exegetical handbooks which walk pastors and students through a genre of Scripture with some suggestions for digging deep into the text—studying, interpreting and proclaiming. I have reviewed a previous volume of the Old Testament Exegetical Handbooks before in a related domain,(Interpreting the Prophetic Books, 2014). But Interpreting Apocalyptic Literature is different because there is no apocalypse section of the Old Testament but it is in parts of the prophetic books and extrabiblical literature. Richard Taylor highlights where apocalyptic appears in the Prophets (especially the latter half of Daniel and Joel but also passages in Isaiah, Ezekiel, Zechariah, Malachi) and other Apocalyptic literature (e.g. The Book of Enoch, Jubilees, 4th Ezra, 2nd Baruch, the Testament of Moses, etc).
Taylor is the senior professor of Old Testament at Bethel Seminary in Saint Paul, Minnesota. His research interests include Aramaic studies and Syriac literature. He is well acquainted with these texts and the thought world of the Ancient Near East.
As with the other Kregel handbooks, Taylor walks readers through the exegetical process necessary for understanding and teaching . Chapters one through three provide background, orienting us to apocalyptic literature. Chapter one discusses what apocalyptic is, what are its distinctives, and what we know and don’t know about the Jewish communities which produced it. Chapter two examines major apocalyptic themes in biblical and extrabiblical sources and discusses the characteristics of the literature in more detail (e.g. literary expression, revelatory content, dreams and visions, symbolism, pseudonymous authorship). We see in the apocalyptic literature a developed angelology, dualism, cataclysmic, Divine Judgment and eschatological hope. Chapter three discusses preparing for interpretation (such as understanding metaphor and knowing what linguistic resources and secondary literature are helpful).
Chapters four through six describe the exegetical process, and how to preach from these texts, respectively. Taylor focus is on helping exegetes come with the right orientation toward the text. So he helps us attend to the genre and metaphorical language, to look for interpretive clues and a focus on the macrostructure instead of minutia. He also warns us of the pitfalls of ignorance, misplaced certainty, our tendency to manipulate certain details (to make our current experience fit the text, or read the signs of the times)(128-131) In chapter five Taylor walks through an exegetical and homiletic outline for Daniel 7. The final chapter examines sample texts, Daniel 8 and Joel 2:28-3, discussing difficulties, structure, and application.
As with the Prophets volume, this book is great for students and working preachers. I have used the Kregel Prophets volume in my own personal study and in communicating about the text. This resource helpfully augments that. I give this book four stars.
Notice of material connection: I received a copy of this book from Kregel Academic in exchange for my honest review
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