I'm giving this a five because of its subject -- the irrepressible genius Jane Jacobs -- not because of the product of her first major biographer. The book is comprehensive and well-researched, but it has some writing flaws and tics that are annoying and maybe even a little demeaning to its subject. But it still well worth reading and (a key attribute of excellent books) makes you want to read many of the source materials that it references.
Jane Jacobs changed how we see city life. Things that we take for granted now, like historic preservation of old town centers and the awful living conditions that cheap high-rise apartments create, were not only unknown when she first criticized them, but they were the aspirations of a couple of generations of city planners and people in power in govt. The idea was that to fix slums, you cleared them out and put in updated apartments that were incorporated into properties landscaped with small parks and playgrounds. Rid yourself of dilapidated housing, noisy industrial activity, thru traffic on busy streets, and annoying small businesses -- and you would have a peaceful setting that mirrored suburban ideals while keeping the poor in their place. Whether these ideas came from benign motives or racist exclusionism, they were how city leaders proceeded in post-WWII to change urban landscapes.
Jane Jacobs blew that apart. Living in Greenwich Village at the time and having spent a decade writing about industry (iron and steel, and then architecture), she could see from her own experience that urban slums were hardly the hell-holes they were portrayed to be. She lived in a neighborhood that was targeted as slum clearance, but she knew that the residents were of mixed income and loved their community. They fixed their homes, knew their neighbors, patronized local restaurants and shops. They liked the small scale of the homes. They liked the activity on the street and the random entertainment that ensued. They were in a place where they belonged.
As a reporter, she had opportunities to see how neighborhoods, cities and developments were working out. She listened and learned and thought about it over and over. And she concluded -- backed up with anecdotes and statistics -- that the planners were going about things in almost exactly the wrong way. First in a couple of magazine articles and a brief speech at a conference, and then in a seminal book published in 1961, "Death and Life of Great American Cities," she laid out her revolutionary thesis. She showed what was wrong with conventional thinking and also provided some concrete ideas about what to do instead. Almost instantly, her ideas were recognized as having immense truths, and the entire discussion changed (a paradigm shift, to use a term that came into being at about the same time as her views). Actually, the world changed. Literally.
From there, Jacobs became a public intellectual, taking on other massive topics with her contrarian tastes. This included the field of macroeconomics, that is, how to run national economies, and then the causes of cultural decline. In each, she provided massive insights on her own and also lines of inquiry that scholars and philosophers and economists and planners have followed up for decades. Her influence remains strong, even dominant. It's an amazing set of achievements.
This book goes through those triumphs, and it puts them in the context of a full life. Jacobs was born in Scranton, PA, to a successful doctor. She and her siblings were encouraged to be independent thinkers and doers to a degree hard to imagine in the early 20th century. Undoubtedly, she was a genius anyway, but she was allowed to let that genius run wild. Like most geniuses, she was bored with school, and she decided against college (her parents saved money for college for her) and moved as a teen to NYC and lived with her sister. She took a variety of secretarial jobs during the Depression and got some writing assignments for "Vogue" magazine and then a job with a metals industry publication. It was an unconventional life for a young woman, but her smarts and charm seemed to win people over. She did try college for a while, taking courses at Columbia University, but then dropped off when Barnard College (the women's affiliate of Columbia at the time) insisted she take prerequisite courses and adhere to their rules. And she was off on her own as a journalist again, taking a position with the govt. during the WWII effort. Then it was on to architectural reporting before the big break fell into her hands -- or rather, she made the break for herself.
The biographer, Robert Kanigel, tells this story pretty well. You learn about Jane's wonderful personality, her love of argument but also her warmth to people around her. He quotes from her writing and from letters from her bosses that indicate her ability to see beyond the strictures of her assignments -- sees the germs of her originality. And he does a good job of showing how circumstance and luck led her to get an assignment to write about the emergence of city redevelopment plans, and how that led her to really think about those plans and to conclude they weren't solving problems. That she was fearless about saying so almost goes without saying because the biographer has already laid the groundwork for showing how intellectually fearless she was.
From there, she took a leave of absence to write "Death and Life," and then her world was transformed. To his credit, the biographer doesn't get too wrapped up in the accolades that came to Jane (as he points out, she didn't like most of them either), and instead writes about how she fought to have the time to continue to learn and think and write. And, by the way, this was while raising three kids and becoming a community activist. You feel the energy that she must have exuded, she and her architect husband, too. It's quite a package, and the author makes you wish you knew her and could keep up with her for even a couple of days of activity.
I love the anecdotes in this book. One about Jane in 3rd grade, having been told by her dad never to promise something you can't live up to, and saying to a dentist who came to her school class that she couldn't promise to brush her teeth EVERY night because, surely, there would be nights when she would forget or wouldn't be able to. And getting other kids in the class to rescind their pledges, too! Or meeting her future husband, being asked to marry on a second date and saying no, and then calling him a few days later to ask if he'd changed his mind; when he said no he hadn't, she said, "I have," and they married a couple months later. Great stuff. Jane Jacobs comes to life both as an intellectual and as a person of her time. And I didn't even get into the stuff about the family moving to Toronto in 1968, which the biographer says was primarily to enable their sons to avoid the Vietnam War draft.
My complaints, referenced at the start, are relatively minor. But they are persistent. One is the author's use of italics to emphasize various words. C'mon, we're smart enough to read the sentences without the italics. Another is his explanation of things that are pretty obvious, or that at the maximum need to be explained only once. As an example, he tells you that Jane as a journalist thought about her audience (with "thought" in italics!). Well, of course she did. I realize his point is that not all journalists do that, and that if you are able to do it, you are more effective. Ok. But you don't have to say it four times in describing her early career. The author also gives his opinion a bunch of times, using "I" to be clear that he's injecting his ideas. I think I object in principle to a biographer doing this, at least in the body of the book. As an appendix, sure. But in the book, I'm not all that happy with it. And in the case of this book, the insights of those "I" comments are so mundane that they're definitely not worth it. This is different than a biographer who says that certain things aren't known or are disputed. That's certainly fine. But there are better ways of bringing that perspective than the way he did it, and it somehow diminishes her by putting him on a par.
Overall, this is a strong book. I have read "Death and Life," and now I'll track down Jane Jacobs's other books. I have noticed things about cities that Jane Jacobs was the first to identify (or the first prominent person to identify), and I really appreciate how the biographer finds famous people and experts who say the same thing: that Jane Jacobs had a gift for putting into words and for documenting things that the rest of us sense.