A full circle book, originally needed to read for Psych, however, this book is an excellent resource for anyone attempting to understand abuse and violence within family, intimate-partner, partner, child, sibling, elder abuse and domestic violence by focusing on psychological, socio-cultural, and socio-economic causes with a focus on law, case studies, same-sex and heterosexual abuse. Excellent book. Opened my eyes to the various levels of violence that lead to abuse. Sadly, most of us experience violence, which begins with yelling and throwing things, as the first level of abuse in a relationship. Disturbing book, but necessary to understand abuse on every level.