Ruth Beebe Hill’s Hanta Yo is a noteworthy rendering of Native American history…historical fiction to be sure but how much history and how much fiction? From today’s viewpoint, of course, we view most everything about the Indian Nation through the lenses of the white man … which gives us a different perspective and language. Original records from Native Americans predating the incursion of the white man are practically nonexistent, at least records we can understand. While there are some drawings and other ephemera available, the Indian left little in terms of a written record from these early times. One of Hill’s resources for Hanta Yo was a document called “winter counts.”
Winter counts were pieces of rawhide that were updated annually in order to record that a year had elapsed and on which at least one Sioux band of American Indians would record in pictographs the most important events (floods, meteors, epidemics) its group experienced that year. Accumulating winter counts that predated the Civil War, Hill pieced together a culture of a particular band of Sioux Indians. Hill collaborated with a full-blooded Sioux descendant who helped with the ancient language and dialects. Hill’s approach is to immerse the reader in the culture of a Teton Sioux band of Indians across three generations. The difficulty of course is using our words to express their culture … a challenging undertaking.
Hill writes with a sing-song pace that quickly becomes easy on the mind. Her epic follows two Indian males as they progress through four stages of life – Child, Youth, Warrior, and Legend. Her chronicle touches on the steps most men pass – finding ones position in the band hierarchy, taking a wife, having children, naming a child, and becoming a leader. She also illustrates tribal life where members – select occupations (warrior, hunter, farmer, security), choose holy men, decide upon seasonal migrations, and create an ebb and flow as family units cluster together (forming lodges, bands, hoops, tribes). Lastly she delves into some of the more momentous events that shaped the Indian way of life – the arrival of firesticks and crazy-water (guns and whiskey), the appearance of the white man and the common diseases he unknowingly brought, etc.
This book is big and sprawling, much like the great west … but on many different levels it seems to work. It is a weighty tome at a bit over 800 pages and requires an investment in ones’ time, but the narrative draws and the pages fly by, the reader coming back with pleasure to the storyline time after time. The tale also keeps its momentum, not wavering or slowing toward the end. In its depictions of Indian life Hanta Yo has a lot of spiritual overtones, a little bit Dances With Wolves and a little bit The Teachings of Don Juan: A Yaqui Way of Knowledge. In the end, Hanta Yo is the exploration of a vanished way of life.
This novel is the only one to be published by Ruth Beebe Hill, and this a 25 year effort supposedly. The study of Native American culture was her life’s work and interest. Her book endeavors to reveal a previously hidden life of Sioux Indians … yet her work did not meet with a welcome reception by Native American writers and historians of Indian history. But then the Indian nation oftentimes seems a better critic of others work than publisher of their own interpretive material. While Hanta Yo may not be perfect, it remains a persuasive work until something with more authority comes up.