Why during the lifetime of Augustus (63 B.C. to A.D. 14) did Roman civilization spread so quickly, influencing art and architecture, religion, law, local speech, and city design throughout the ancient world? In his latest book Ramsay MacMullen argues that this acculturation was due to eager imitation by conquered peoples ably served by Romans' effective techniques of mass production and standardization.
A specialist in Roman social history and the rise of Christianity in the Roman world, Ramsay MacMullen was Dunham Professor of History and Classics at Yale University, where he taught from 1967 until his retirement in 1993. Educated at Phillips Exeter and Harvard, from which he held all three of his degrees, MacMullen taught at the University of Oregon and Brandeis before moving to Yale.
How did the culture of Roman Italy spread throughout the provinces of the Roman Empire during the life of Augustus Caesar (63 BC to AD 14)? That question is the focus this short but fact-filled book by Ramsay MacMullen, a distinguished historian at Yale University. Although the limited timeframe of his inquiry may seem narrow, it's the kind of book that could only be written by an author who has traveled the Roman Empire and studied the archaeological evidence in detail. The book is organized into four major geographical areas: the East, Africa, Spain and Gaul. In each region, the author offers maps showing all the cities founded (or re-founded) by Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar, respectively. These maps reflect deep scholarship and provide a succinct visual guide to the places where two of Rome's great leaders planted new communities - mostly with tens of thousands of veterans retired from the famous legions. The author also explains how cultural influences flowed from one part of the empire to another, often in short periods of time. In the cosmopolitan city of Rome, for example, MacMullen reports surprisingly that a majority of the population were of Greek descent. Roman roads and seaborne trade brought distant cities into close contact with Rome, and provincial elites rapidly absorbed Roman language, currency, architecture, products and entertainments. The book jumps around bit, collecting anecdotes from a wide variety of sites and literary sources. Therefore, it's not recommended as a place to begin learning about Roman history in the time of Augustus. For those who have already have some background and have seen some of the empire's surviving monuments, however, this book paints a rich picture of life in the Augustan Age.