O Avô Arkhip e Lionka

by Maxim Gorky

Рассказ Максима Горького (1868—1936), впервые опубликованный в 1893 году.

Unknown Binding

About the author

Russian writer Aleksei Maksimovich Peshkov (Russian: Алексей Максимович Пешков) supported the Bolshevik revolution of 1917 and helped to develop socialist realism as the officially accepted literary aesthetic; his works include The Life of Klim Samgin (1927-1936), an unfinished cycle of novels.

This Soviet author founded the socialist realism literary method and a political activist. People also nominated him five times for the Nobel Prize in literature. From 1906 to 1913 and from 1921 to 1929, he lived abroad, mostly in Capri, Italy; after his return to the Soviet Union, he accepted the cultural policies of the time.

Reviews

[Paula Mota · Rating 3 out of 5]

- São da Rússia?
- Somos, sim, meu misericordioso senhor – respondeu Arkhip, inclinando-se.
- Lá, rebentam de fome, hem?
Saltou abaixo do carro e pôs-se a apertar mais um furo na cilha do cavalo.
- As próprias baratas morrem de fome!

O meu primeiro contacto com Maxim Gorky foi aquilo que eu esperava: um conto miserabilista em que o final não é fatídico mas duplamente fatídico. Nada como uma boa hipérbole para ênfase quando se trata do realismo social do século XIX.
No conto “O Avô Arkhip e Lionka”, um velho e o seu neto órfão são dois andrajosos pedintes que andam de povoação em povoação a pedir esmola. Em atravessando o rio Kuban para o Cáucaso, a abundância de um local onde já não se pode vender os víveres recebidos leva o avô a cair em tentação, para desespero do rapaz.

Pensas que consideram o mendigo como um homem? Não. Há dez anos que ando pelo mundo, sei muito bem o que digo. Dão-te um pedaço de pão como se dessem uma nota de mil, e acabando de o dar imaginam que têm abertas as portas do Paraíso. Pensa bem, que motivo os leva a fingir que são generosos? É para se porem em paz com a sua consciência, apenas isso, meu pequeno. Atiram-te uma côdea e assim já não se envergonham de comer.

[Дмитрий · Rating 5 out of 5]

ого, вот это рассказ.
Обычно я не могу заставить себя сочувствовать персонажам Горького, они слишком легко делятся на хороших и злых. (Мне кажется, у Горького лучше получалось описывать природу, нежели людей... правда, об этом писал еще Чехов в отзыве на рассказ "В степи"). Но эта история великолепна несмотря ни на какие авторские шаблоны.
Море Горького - о его описаниях, пожалуй, можно написать диссертацию - главный персонаж многих произведений. Только ради этих отрывков стоит прочесть его прозу.
Сам рассказ читается на одном дыхании, рекомендую.

[Prabhat sharma · Rating 5 out of 5]

Grandpa Arkhip and Lyonka by Maxim Gorki- Old Arkhip, grandfather of young boy Lyonka are beggars. They live in Russia. They travel to another city across the river. A Cossak calls for the boat. They cross the river. The Cossak knows that Arkhip and Lyonka are beggars, therefore, he takes them on his horse carriage to the village and offers them to stay with them during the night. But the two get down from the carriage near the village. Arkhip informs that he will beg for some time and they will at the church. Lyonka lies down under a tress. He finds that a young rich girl is weeping and walking towards her home. Lyonka faces her and enquires the reason for her tears. She informs him that she has lost her blue starred scarf on the way. Lyonka suggests that he will walk with her to her residence and help her face her parents. Lyonka is afraid that her parents will scold her. Lyonka knows the nature of the rich towards their children and towards the poor in the society. The girl refuses and walks home on her own. Lyonka moves towards the Church and finds Arkhip there. As the parents of the girl who has lost her scarf, has complained to the Police, they doubt Arkhip and take him to the Police Station. The Police man leads and both walk behind him. Arkhip takes out the blue shinning scarf and passes it to Lyonka to throw it in the trees, so that they can pick it up when they return back from the Police Station. The Police checks their luggage and when they do not find any objectionable item in their possession, the two are left. They return back. Lyonka finds the blue shinning scarf and faces his grandfather. He calls him a thief. Arkhip informs that he has been begging all his life so that Lyonka can live. Lyonka runs away in sadness because the blue shinning scarf. It starts raining. Both are drenched. In the morning, Arkhip is found with his tongue cut but alive. Arkhip is buried at the place where he has died. After a few days, Lyonka is found dead near a water body. Villagers bury him near his grandfather. Writing on the life of beggars, requires big study of human life. Maxim Gorki has experienced poverty and difficulties of life. This book is a class educative story.

[Miguel Fonseca · Rating 4 out of 5]

"Atiram-te uma côdea e assim já não se envergonham de comer. É apenas por isso, não penses que é por terem pena de ti. O tipo que come de modo a saciar toda a fome é um selvagem, e nunca tem pena do que tem a barriga vazia. O saciado e o faminto serão sempre inimigos, olharão sempre um para o outro como cães prontos a engalfinharem-se."