2021 marks the Golden Jubilee of the Independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan. It seems like the perfect occasion to commemorate the struggles of Bangladesh’s freedom for Independence.
The rising tension between East and West Pakistan stemmed from the mentality of subjugating or colonizing the self-conscious Bengali population by the East, by imposing Urdu as the only language, draining wealth, and lack of development. It seems like the perfect occasion to commemorate the struggles of Bangladesh’s freedom for Independence.
On Pakistan day, 23rd march 1971, the tension was at its peak when the eastern region proclaimed its independence by hoisting flags all over. What followed after that was pure, ruthless violence by Tikka Khan on 26th March bathing the country with blood. the frustrated, angered, desperate Bengalis took up weapons. From mallets to shovel to sickle anything and everything. With their nails, claws, and vengeance in their blood against the men who burned their houses down raped their women, and destroy them to nothingness. These revolutionaries formed the Mukti Bahini.
The obvious question is if India’s intervention (interference, depending on one’s position) was right, if it was involving itself in the “internal matters” of Pakistan or if it was to extend its own powers?
Whatever be the outcome of the debate one cannot dodge the question that there was a serious humanitarian crisis across the border. On one side the country had to deal with the Naxalite movement, Naga insurgency, post-Indo-China war economic crisis, food shortages, and on the other hand the rising influx of refugees from East Pakistan due to fear of the ongoing persecution. Also, the behavior of powerful nations like the USA, China, Saudi Arabia, Turkey among others towards Pakistan removed the rose-tinted glass, establishing the fact that bilateral relations were dependent mostly on arms business and coaxing of egos. To choose between seeking the help of India and imminent death, the Bengalis chose the former.
The remoteness of Bangladesh as a region didn't let all the horrific news travel very far from its boundaries. As the glossed-up pictures produced by the Pakistani government didn’t satisfy Nicolas Tomalin (Sunday Times), who showed the world, specifically the western world, the terrible atrocities perpetrated by the army.
The logistics and movement of troops were difficult, particularly in the northeast region. Modern equipment was present in the western part due to the presence of open borders with Pakistan and previous war history. We are talking about the era of the 70s when heavy aircraft and cargo ships, both military and merchant were not available like now. Also, the other reason was the severed connectivity due to independence and subsequent partition. Pre-independent Northeast specifically Assam and Tripura were connected through present Bangladesh following the straight course of Jamuna (the Brahmaputra in India). The remoteness and dense tropical forest along with mountainous slopes made it a hostile region and so, guerrilla warfare was required. Such was the training of the Mukti Bahini, keeping in mind the terrain and efficacy.
“There were chronic shortages of weapons and equipment, particularly medium machine guns and recoilless anti-tank guns. Persistent efforts were made to order the equipment from the depot to make up these deficiencies. The spare position for small arms was equally disturbing.”
The crisis was observed in other sectors too, like inadequately updated maps of neighboring nations, unavailability of radio sets, procurement of cars and trucks for troop mobilization. The reason, you may ask, the lack of funds in the defense sector and the lack of indigenous supplies. Another reason can be attributed to India’s position regarding war. It's more for defending and territory protection rather than advancement, forget aggressive expansionist policy like China.
The achievement of the 1971 war was not just establishing Bangladesh as an independent country or winning the war in a very short period of time but it was also a lesson for the armed forces. The need for updated and uniform maps, not just of our own nations but also of others, understanding that diplomacy and military prowess go hand in hand, developing war games, improving logistics and thereby developing civilian infrastructures like railways, metalled roads, bridges, developing and learning strategies in the academy itself.